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This paper summarises the evolution of the Water Poverty Index (WPI) application at different scales since its emergence. The review captures the main milestones and remarkable developments around the world. It sets the foundation for identifying the most appropriate version of the WPI, building on learning from previous versions. In addition, the paper sheds light on the linkages between the WPI and sustainable development goals and applications to fragile contexts. Therefore, it provides a synthesis of knowledge researchers and practitioners' need in sustainable water resources management that helps boost human development in unstable/fragile arid and semi-arid contexts. The methodology included (i) WPI literature shortlisting and reviewing, (ii) review literature links WPI with sustainable human development and fragility, and (iii) data analysis, identification of gaps and future trends. Intensive research was found to address the limitations of the WPI. However, further research is needed to shortlist the multiple versions of the WPI and match them to their respective scale, purpose and context (including fragile contexts). In addition, a time-based WPI was rarely touched to forecast the impact of decisions on community welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article details the application of the improved Multidimensional Index of Water Poverty, which associates human economic welfare with physical water availability to point out the degree to which water scarcity impacts African populations. The index and its components vary widely across the African continent, suggesting the need for location-specific policy interventions. These findings highlight more specifically a significant disparity in water poverty between more developed but water-scarce countries, located mainly in northern and southern Africa, and water-rich but lower-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we attempt to analyze, during the period spanning from January 2000 to July 2015, the impact of oil price shocks on inflationand the real exchange rate in a set of oil importers and exporters MENA countries: Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Iran (MENA-6) using a Structural VAR model. The impulseresponse functions reveal that, in the long run, oil price fluctuations havethe major impact on real exchange rate of the oilimporting countries (Tunisiaand Morocco) while the impact on inflation is smaller and absorbed by the rigidity of subsidized products prices. The variance decomposition results also assertthat oil price shocks do not explain notably thevariation in the twoconsidered variables in Algeria and Iran.We further identify an impact on the two variables that is both statistically significant and economically large in the rest of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]