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3. 'Wives of the Gods' : debating Fiasidi and the politics of meaning

Author

Jenkins, Julie A.

Subjects
301, DT0509.97 Ghana (Gold Coast), GN301 Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Abstract

In the south-eastern Volta Region of Ghana, a form of female religious affiliation to local shrines commonly known as trokosi, has been the subject of a campaign consisting of Christian-based NGOs and various government agencies that has successfully criminalised the practice and organised ‘liberations' and rehabilitations of the initiates. Protagonists of the abolition campaign argue that trokosiwo are illegitimately initiated to specific shrines based on an offence committed by another lineage member, acting as a perpetual figure of restitution. They also argue that the practice constitutes a form of ‘female ritual slavery' by translating the term trokosi as “slave of the gods” and arguing that the socio-economic status and social relations of the trokosiwo indicate their ‘slavery'. The highly publicised abolition campaign stimulated a counter-campaign, led by a neo-traditional organisation, that argued that the female shrine initiates are Queen-Mothers (rather than slaves), role-models to their lineage (rather than figures of restitution), and are socially privileged. Central to these contestations has been the figure of the fiasidi, particularly those initiated to shrines in one locality, Klikor. Abolitionists define fiasidiwo as being a variant of trokosi, despite some key differences. Those that contest this representation justified their position by highlighting the socio-economic position of fiasidiwo in Klikor's three shrines and pointing out the critical ways it differed from the representation of the Trokosi Slave. Members of the Klikor shrines also became political actors in the debates that ensued, by developing a close alliance to the neo-traditionalist organisation and creating their own organisation to network with similar shrines. This thesis considers the debates around trokosi and fiasidi at the national level and explores in detail the meaning attached to fiasidi and her position in the Klikor shrines and community. At its core, is an ethnography of the three shrines, their ritual specialists and initiates. I explore the way in which meaning is ascribed to the fiasidi, through narratives of the past, through the symbolism of key rituals and through the structured interactions between petitioners and ritual specialists. A concluding section then considers the intersection between these meanings and the contested terrains of religion in the debates about the Trokosi Slaves.

Published
2012

8. Blessing the Rains: Fieldwork Meditations on ‘Africa’ by Toto: Fieldwork Meditations on ‘Africa’ by Toto

Author

Jenkins, Julie

Subjects
Special section
Abstract

As an anthropologist who works in West Africa, I have ambivalent feelings towards the 1982 song ‘Africa’ by Toto. It is a song that lyrically does not make sense, although powerfully draws its audience into a romanticized mental imagery of the continent with “drums echoing,” “wild dogs crying,” and “old men” with “long forgotten words or ancient melodies.” Despite my annoyance at and critique of the lyrics and music video, I often found myself humming the lyrics “I bless the rains down in Africa” during my fifteen months fieldwork in the small town in south-eastern Ghana. This paper explores how the song came to signify for me a plea for disconnection from the relations I had worked to develop and a celebration when that disconnection was momentarily achieved during the downpours in the rainy seasons. Fieldwork, participant observation, culture shock, West Africa

Published
2019

13. Cognitive Structures of Differential Geometry and Their Implications on Undergraduate Mathematics Curriculum

Author

Jenkins, Julie, Lovric, Miroslav, and Mathematics and Statistics

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION
Abstract

Based on similar studies using the FCI and CCI, this project aims to explore how effectively undergraduate courses prepare students for study in higher level mathematics courses. To investigate this, we choose to study the preparedness of Level III differential geometry students by developing and implementing a concept inventory that measures the cognitive structures of prerequisite undergraduate material. Using techniques in item analysis and concept mapping, we assess the cognitive structures of the incoming students, and identify areas for improvement within the Calculus and Linear Algebra course sequences based on the current literature on concept inventories. We also investigate potential relationships between cognitive structure and academic success, and attempt to measure the development of cognitive structures as a result of instruction throughout the term. Thesis Master of Science (MSc)

Published
2021

15. Hydrothermal catalysis of waste greases into green gasoline, jet, and diesel biofuels in continuous flow supercritical water.

Author

Fedie, Ronald L., McNeff, Clayton V., McNeff, Charles V., McNeff, Larry C., Greuel, Peter G., Yan, Bingwen, Jenkins, Julie A., Brethorst, Jason T., Frost, Grant B., and Hoye, Thomas R.

Subjects
BIOMASS energy, DIESEL fuels, PETROLEUM as fuel, TITANIUM catalysts, GASOLINE, GREEN diesel fuels, SUPERCRITICAL water
Abstract

The production of green gasoline, jet, and diesel biofuels from waste greases was achieved using a novel hydrothermal, continuous‐flow catalytic process operating under supercritical water conditions, with recycled water the only added chemical. Thermally and chemically stable catalysts were explored to optimize yields of liquid biofuels and to minimize production of gases and acidic compounds. A 50:50 mixture of brown and yellow waste greases converted into 76.6 wt% liquid biocrude (BC); the remainder converted to water and gases. Less than 0.2% of the feedstock (FS) formed carbon char (mainly amongst catalyst particles). Various tubular reactors (Inconel, Hastelloy, titanium, stainless) showed no interior defects, erosion, or mass loss after runs. The titanium catalyst was fully recovered and regenerated back to its original potency. The BC was further refined into 28%, 48%, 20%, and 4 wt%, respectively for green gasoline, jet, diesel, and bunker. Biofuels were analyzed for compound class compositions and reaction mechanisms were proposed. Hundreds of identified fuel products (C3‐C35) from processing oleic acid as a pure model compound were identified. The neat green gasoline and diesel biofuels, along with a 50% green jet blend (with petroleum Jet A), were tested in appropriate spark ignition, turbine, and diesel engines at the University of Minnesota Engine Labs. The biofuels achieved 107.7%, 97.2%, and 101.3% engine power performance levels relative to petroleum fuels (91‐Octane, Jet A, #2 Diesel) along with lower CO and pollutant emissions. The biofuels complied with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel specifications (D4814, D7566, D975) including mandated corrosion and low sulfur limits of all three biofuels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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17. Health impacts of climate change on gender diverse populations: A scoping review.

Author

Simmonds, Katherine E., Jenkins, Julie, White, Bradley, Nicholas, Patrice K., and Bell, Jessica

Subjects
*RESPIRATORY disease risk factors, *CINAHL database, *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, *HEALTH policy, *COMMUNICABLE diseases, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *GREENHOUSE gases, *HEALTH status indicators, *WEATHER, *MENTAL health, *EMERGENCY management, *GENDER identity, *ECOLOGICAL impact, *NATURAL disasters, *INFORMATION resources, *LITERATURE reviews, *MEDLINE, *GREENHOUSE effect, *CLIMATE change, *DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Purpose: To determine what is known about climate change health effects for gender diverse (GD) populations, and identify gaps in research, practice, education, and policy. Design/Methods: A scoping review was conducted. Findings: Twenty‐seven information sources met inclusion criteria. Natural disasters and inadequate disaster relief responses were identified as an overarching health threat for GD populations. Within this theme, four sub‐themes emerged. No other climate‐related health impacts for GD populations were mentioned in the sources reviewed. Conclusions: There are major gaps in knowledge about health implications of climate change for GD populations. Gender‐sensitive data must be collected in order to better understand these threats and detect disparities. Currently most practice and policy recommendations focus on disaster relief. More research on the broad effects of climate change on GD populations is urgently needed to inform practice and policy. Clinical relevance: Climate change amplifies existing risks of adverse health outcomes. Because of discrimination, stigma, and violence, gender diverse individuals are particularly vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. Role of dietary fibre in older adults with asymptomatic (AS) or symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD): Systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Eberhardt, Fiona, Crichton, Megan, Dahl, Camilla, Nucera, Romina, Jenkins, Julie, Marx, Wolfgang, Marshall, Skye, Eberhardt, Fiona, Crichton, Megan, Dahl, Camilla, Nucera, Romina, Jenkins, Julie, Marx, Wolfgang, and Marshall, Skye

Abstract

Dietary fibre and probiotics may play a role in the management of diverticular disease. This systematic review synthesises the evidence on the effects of dietary fibre modifications, with or without the use of probiotics, on the incidence in older adults of asymptomatic (AS) or symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), as well as on gastrointestinal function and symptoms. Five electronic databases were searched for studies through to December 2018. The body of evidence was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE. Nine studies were included, with mean sample ages ranging from 57 to 70 years, and three meta-analyses were performed. Only one study, with high risk of bias, measured the effect of dietary fibre on the incidence of diverticulitis. Dietary fibre supplementation improved stool weight (MD: 42 g/day, P < 0.00001; GRADE level of evidence: low), but had no significant effect on gastrointestinal symptoms (SMD: –0.13, P = 0.16; GRADE level of evidence: low) or stool transit time (MD: –3.70, P = 0.32 GRADE level of evidence: low). There was “very low” confidence for the body of evidence supporting symbiotics for AS or SUDD. A high dietary fibre intake, in line with dietary guidelines, may improve gastrointestinal function and is recommended in patients with AS or SUDD. Dietary fibre supplementation should be considered on an individualised basis to improve bowel function, while any recommendation on symbiotic supplements requires further well-designed research. Future studies should also measure the impact on the incidence of diverticulitis.

Published
2019

24. Evidence for dietary fibre modification in the recovery and prevention of reoccurrence of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic literature review

Author

Dahl, Camilla, Crichton, Megan, Jenkins, Julie, Nucera, Romina, Mahoney, Sophie, Marx, Wolfgang, Marshall, Skye, Dahl, Camilla, Crichton, Megan, Jenkins, Julie, Nucera, Romina, Mahoney, Sophie, Marx, Wolfgang, and Marshall, Skye

Abstract

In practice, nutrition recommendations vary widely for inpatient and discharge management of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis. This systematic review aims to review the evidence and develop recommendations for dietary fibre modifications, either alone or alongside probiotics or antibiotics, versus any comparator in adults in any setting with or recently recovered from acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis. Intervention and observational studies in any language were located using four databases until March 2017. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE were used to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence and to develop recommendations. Eight studies were included. There was “very low” quality evidence for comparing a liberalised and restricted fibre diet for inpatient management to improve hospital length of stay, recovery, gastrointestinal symptoms and reoccurrence. There was “very low” quality of evidence for using a high dietary fibre diet as opposed to a standard or low dietary fibre diet following resolution of an acute episode, to improve reoccurrence and gastrointestinal symptoms. The results of this systematic review and GRADE assessment conditionally recommend the use of liberalised diets as opposed to dietary restrictions for adults with acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis. It also strongly recommends a high dietary fibre diet aligning with dietary guidelines, with or without dietary fibre supplementation, after the acute episode has resolved.

Published
2018

29. ‘Wives of the Gods’: debating Fiasidi and the politics of meaning

Author

Jenkins, Julie A

Subjects
DT0509.97, GN301
Abstract

In the south-eastern Volta Region of Ghana, a form of female religious affiliation to local shrines commonly known as trokosi, has been the subject of a campaign consisting of Christian-based NGOs and various government agencies that has successfully criminalised the practice and organised ‘liberations’ and rehabilitations of the initiates. Protagonists of the abolition campaign argue that trokosiwo are illegitimately initiated to specific shrines based on an offence committed by another lineage member, acting as a perpetual figure of restitution. They also argue that the practice constitutes a form of ‘female ritual slavery’ by translating the term trokosi as “slave of the gods” and arguing that the socio-economic status and social relations of the trokosiwo indicate their ‘slavery’. The highly publicised abolition campaign stimulated a counter-campaign, led by a neo-traditional organisation, that argued that the female shrine initiates are Queen-Mothers (rather than slaves), role-models to their lineage (rather than figures of restitution), and are socially privileged.\ud \ud Central to these contestations has been the figure of the fiasidi, particularly those initiated to shrines in one locality, Klikor. Abolitionists define fiasidiwo as being a variant of trokosi, despite some key differences. Those that contest this representation justified their position by highlighting the socio-economic position of fiasidiwo in Klikor's three shrines and pointing out the critical ways it differed from the representation of the Trokosi Slave. Members of the Klikor shrines also became political actors in the debates that ensued, by developing a close alliance to the neo-traditionalist organisation and creating their own organisation to network with similar shrines.\ud \ud This thesis considers the debates around trokosi and fiasidi at the national level and explores in detail the meaning attached to fiasidi and her position in the Klikor shrines and community. At its core, is an ethnography of the three shrines, their ritual specialists and initiates. I explore the way in which meaning is ascribed to the fiasidi, through narratives of the past, through the symbolism of key rituals and through the structured interactions between petitioners and ritual specialists. A concluding section then considers the intersection between these meanings and the contested terrains of religion in the debates about the Trokosi Slaves.

Published
2012

36. Long-term outcomes and factors influencing late survival following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A 24-year experience.

Author

Khashram, Manar, Jenkins, Julie S., Jenkins, Jason, Kruger, Allan J., Boyne, Nicholas S., Foster, Wallace J., and Walker, Philip J.

Subjects
ABDOMINAL aortic aneurysms, BLOOD vessel prosthesis, COMPARATIVE studies, DATABASES, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, MULTIVARIATE analysis, RESEARCH, ELECTIVE surgery, TIME, EVALUATION research, SPECIALTY hospitals, TREATMENT effectiveness, ACQUISITION of data, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, KAPLAN-Meier estimator
Abstract

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms can be either treated by an open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or an endovascular repair. Comparing clinical predictors of outcomes and those which influence survival rates in the long term is important in determining the choice of treatment offered and the decision-making process with patients. Aims: To determine the influence of pre-existing clinical predictors and perioperative determinants on late survival of elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and endovascular repair at a tertiary hospital. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair from 1990 to 2013 were included. Data were collected from a prospectively acquired database and death data were gathered from the Queensland state death registry. Pre-existing risks and perioperative factors were assessed independently. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modeling were performed. Results: During the study period, 1340 abdominal aortic aneurysms were repaired electively, of which 982 were open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The average age was 72.4 years old and 81.7% were males. The cumulative percentage survival rates for open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 79, 49, 31 and 22, respectively. The corresponding 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates for endovascular repair were not significantly different at 75, 49 and 33%, respectively (P = 0.75). Predictors of reduced survival were advanced age, American Society of Anaesthesiology scores, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal impairment, bifurcated grafts, peripheral vascular disease and congestive heart failure. Conclusions: Open repair offers a good long-term treatment option for patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and in our experience there is no significant difference in late survival between open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and endovascular repair. Consideration of the factors identified in this study that predict reduced long-term survival for open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and endovascular repair should be considered when deciding repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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39. Problem Solving Tips: Here are a few quick and easy tips for trouble shooting some common flyball problems. Try them out at your next practice and see if they help!

Author

Jenkins, Julie Norman

Abstract

The article offers problem solving tips for flyball training. It notes that bobbling can be an issue for dog and handler but it can be prevented by slowing the delivery of the ball. It states that dogs have the possibility to skip jumps because they do not like the pressure of sharing space with another dog.

Published
2011

41. Gluconate metabolism in Lactobacillus and its role in persistence in the human intestine

Author

Jenkins, Julie Kay

Subjects
Lactobacillus, gluconate, human intestinal microflora
Abstract

The demand for foods that provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition is on the rise. Prebiotics are non-viable food components that promote growth of a number of beneficial bacteria that naturally inhabit the human intestine. Some of these beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, are capable of eliciting health benefits such as reduced incidence of lactose intolerance and diarrhea, improved immune response and reduced cancer risk. The present studies address the effect of gluconate, a component of many foods and food supplements, on human intestinal microflora. Genes involved in gluconate metabolism in Lactobacillus reuteri were characterized. The effect of dietary gluconate supplementation on human intestinal populations of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium , and Escherchia coli was assessed over a 7-week period. Weekly stool samples were collected from 12 subjects and selected bacterial populations were enumerated. Colonies were subsequently grown on medium containing glucose or gluconate as the primary carbon source. At the level tested, dietary calcium gluconate did not significantly affect the overall quantity of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli or Propionibacterium in most of the subjects tested. However, the proportion of gluconate-fermenting Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium strains increased upon gluconate consumption in some subjects, suggesting that a shift in species composition may occur. Speciation using the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region showed 2-6 different gluconate-fermenting Lactobacillus species in each subject and 11 different species overall. A 500 base pair (bp) putative gluconate kinase and a 750 bp putative gluconate permease fragments were found in the Lactobacillus reuteri 100-23 genome by amplifying DNA with degenerate primers. A gluconate-negative mutant of L. reuteri 100-23 was constructed via homologous recombination utilizing the putative gluconate permease fragment. The mutant (100-23D) and wild-type strains were characterized for gluconokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and gluconate uptake activities. The mutant had significantly lower gluconokinase and gluconate uptake activities compared to wild-type. This suggests that gluconate genes in L. reuteri 100-23 are induced by gluconate and potentially arranged in an operon. Transcriptional analysis of wild-type and mutant strains showed a single transcript, indicating the gluconate permease gene is constitutively transcribed, and not inducible, in the presence of glucose or gluconate.

Published
2005

42. Most Valued Volunteer.

Author

Schultz, Michelle, Jenkins, Julie, and Parker, Jane

Abstract

The article presents the readers' experiences with volunteers in their respective towns in North America. Michelle Schultz of Priest River, Idaho, states how they were assisted by Shai Schryver. Julie Jenkins of Pefferlaw, Ontario, recounts how their volunteer firefighters helped her neighbor to extinguish the fire. Jane Parker from Burnet, Texas mentions how Josie Davis spearheaded teaching sewing skills to others.

Published
2007

43. Most Valued Volunteer.

Author

Parker, Jane, Schultz, Michelle, and Jenkins, Julie

Abstract

The article presents individuals who contribute greatly for the development and betterment of the lives of other people in their community. Quilter Josie Davis is a member of the Local Master Sewing Volunteer Program and teaches sewing skills to other people. Shai Schryver, a junior volunteer for the Priest River Panthers Special Olympic Team is recognized as an outstanding volunteer in her community. A group of 22 volunteer firefighters helped their neighbor to extinguish the fire.

Published
2007

44. Supervision of Midwives: What's happening in Wales?

Author

Jenkins, Julie

Abstract

Focuses on the statutory supervision of midwives in Wales. Background of the statutory supervision of midwives in Great Britain; Positive and supportive influence of the supervision of midwives; Responsibilities of Local Supervising Authority Midwifery Officers Gillian Harris and Jean Keats.

Published
2005

45. Geiriadur Bydwragedd Newydd!

Author

Jenkins, Julie

Abstract

Reports on the translation of the "Bailliere's Midwives Dictionary," into Welsh. Writing of the first edition of the dictionary by Vera da Cruz; Reflection of the changes in the midwifery profession in the Welsh version of the midwives dictionary.

Published
2005

46. A learning curve.

Author

Dachey-Jenkins, Julie

Subjects
SUPPLIERS, HOME furnishings, GARDEN centers, CANDLES
Abstract

The article presents tips for housewares suppliers. Topics discussed include impact of merchandising on products at garden centers, knowing the seasonal nature of the business and trade shows attended by increasing numbers of gift suppliers. It adds top five bestsellers comprising Creative Tops Alice in Wonderland range, Vineyard Candles scented wine bottle candles and MAD Beauty moisturising hand sanitizers.

Published
2017

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