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1,141 results on '"Jennings, H"'

1. In praise of Ophelia: an interpretation of Pessoa's only love

Author

Severino, Alexandrino E. (Alexandrino Eusébio) and Jennings, H. D. (Hubert Dudley)

Subjects
Queiroz, Ofélia, Campos, Alvaro de, Love-letters, Love, Correspondence, Cartas de amor, Correspondência, Amor, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, PQ1-3999
Abstract

Based on a presentation by Alexandrino E. Severino at the First International Symposium on Fernando Pessoa in 1977, this essay (written by Severino in conjunction with Hubert Jennings) was prepared for publication in the volume of symposium proceedings, eventually entitled The Man Who Never Was. Because permission to quote from Ophelia's letters to Fernando (all of them unpublished at the time) was ultimately denied, this essay was not published then or, for that matter, later. The evidence, drawn from Ophelia's side of the correspondence, attests to Ophelia's honest and honorable behavior during the two phases of her love affair with the poet.

Published
2013
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4. Travelling people, travelling plants : an exploration into food-plant practice among Bengali women across transnational and generational landscapes

Author

Jennings, H. M.

Subjects
615.1
Abstract

The flow of people between urban Britain and rural Bangladesh is longstanding and continuous. In addition to people; food, plants and seeds are transported between the countries. The exchanges are both practical and highly symbolic processes and while transnational in nature have a significant impact at a local level in both places. The PhD thesis explores the nature of food and plant exchange between Sylhet (Northeastern Bangladesh) and the UK among women at a household level, how these transnational exchanges impact on the food-scape and medicinal plant knowledge in each place and how differences are played out across generations. The PhD adopted a mixed methods approach (participant observation, interviews, focus groups and questionnaires) with research conducted in Cardiff, London and Sylhet among two generations of Bengali women. Research into ethnobotanical practices of migrant communities in industrialised countries has found a rich and distinct body of knowledge. However, among the substantial and well-established UK Bengali population there is a lack of research on ethnobotanical medicinal knowledge. Furthermore how they are influenced by on-going links with Bangladesh is unknown. The therapeutic use of plants among Bengalis exposes a significant overlap between food and medicine, this is an area largely ignored in public health, medical and food studies of Bengalis in the UK. This thesis builds on previous research and begins to address some of the gaps in literature. The research it presents indicates that the Bengali community in the UK remains connected to their place of origin (Sylhet), not least through the exchange of food and plants, however what these food and plants mean vary according to place and generation. If academics and professionals are to understand therapeutic food-plant use among diaspora it is essential to look at the existing links with 'home' countries and changes in knowledge and practice across generations and ages. The implications of this research are important for ethnobotany, migrant and international health studies, public health and food studies.

Published
2014

9. N-3 Long Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation, Fatty Acids Desaturase Activity, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Sunny S Cai, Wei Zheng, Jennings H Dooley, Martha J. Shrubsole, Qi Dai, Harvey J. Murff, Qiuyin Cai, and Timothy Su

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, FADS1, Colorectal cancer, Medicine (miscellaneous), Article, law.invention, Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Genotype, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Humans, Fatty Acid Desaturase 1, Olive Oil, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Fatty Acids, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Oncology, chemistry, Apoptosis, Dietary Supplements, business, Colorectal Neoplasms, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Introduction n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on markers of rectal cell proliferation and apoptosis and examine how genetic variation in desaturase enzymes might modify this effect. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, control six-month trial of 2.5 grams of n-3 LCPUFA per day compared to olive oil. Study participants had a history of colorectal adenomas. Randomization was stratified based on the gene variant rs174535 in the fatty acid desaturase 1 enzyme (FADS1). Our primary outcome was change in markers of rectal epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Results A total of 141 subjects were randomized. We found no difference in apoptosis markers between participants randomized to n-3 LCPUFA compared to olive oil (P = 0.41). N-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased cell proliferation in the lower colonic crypt compared to olive oil (P = 0.03) however baseline indexes of proliferation were different between the groups at randomization. We found no evidence that genotype modified the effect. Conclusions Our study did not show evidence of a proliferative or pro-apoptotic effect on n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on rectal mucosa regardless of the FADS genotype.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01661764Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1955286.

Published
2023

11. Is NBATS-2 up to the Task? Actual vs. Predicted Patient Volume Shifts With the Addition of Another Trauma Center

Author

Jennings H Dooley, Louis J. Magnotti, John P. Sharpe, Martin A. Croce, Bradley M. Dennis, Oscar D. Guillamondegui, and Peter E. Fischer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Trauma registry, Total population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Trauma Centers, Humans, Medicine, Center (algebra and category theory), education, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Trauma center, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Tennessee, Patient volume, Injury data, Emergency medicine, Wounds and Injuries, Injury Severity Score, business, Needs Assessment, Forecasting
Abstract

Introduction Version 2 of the Needs-Based Assessment of Trauma Systems (NBATS) tool quantifies the impact of an additional trauma center on a region. This study applies NBATS-2 to a system where an additional trauma center was added to compare the tool’s predictions to actual patient volumes. Methods Injury data were collected from the trauma registry of the initial (legacy) center and analyzed geographically using ArcGIS. From 2012 to 2014 (“pre-”period), one Level 1 trauma center existed. From 2016 to 2018 (“post-”period), an additional Level 2 center existed. Emergency medical service (EMS) destination guidelines did not change and favored the legacy center for severely injured patients (Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15). NBATS-2 predicted volume was compared to the actual volume received at the legacy center in the post-period. Results 4068 patients were identified across 14 counties. In the pre-period, 72% of the population and 90% of injuries were within a 45-minute drive of the legacy trauma center. In the post-period, 75% of the total population and 90% of injuries were within 45 minutes of either trauma center. The post-predicted volume of severely injured patients at the legacy center was 434, but the actual number was 809. For minor injuries (ISS £15), NBATS-2 predicted 581 vs. 1677 actual. Conclusion NBATS-2 failed to predict the post-period volume changes. Without a change in EMS destination guidelines, this finding was not surprising for severely injured patients. However, the 288% increase in volume of minor injuries was unexpected. NBATS-2 must be refined to assess the impact of local factors on patient volume.

Published
2020
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12. The production of Necator americanus larvae for use in experimental human infection.

Author

Chapman, PR, Llewellyn, S, Jennings, H, Becker, L, Giacomin, P, McDougall, R, Robson, J, Loukas, A, McCarthy, J, Chapman, PR, Llewellyn, S, Jennings, H, Becker, L, Giacomin, P, McDougall, R, Robson, J, Loukas, A, and McCarthy, J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although there is unprecedented interest in experimental human hookworm infection, details of hookworm manufacture and characterisation have been sparsely reported. In this report, we detail the production and characterisation of Necator americanus larvae for use in a recently published clinical trial. METHODS: Faeces was obtained from an experimentally infected donor. Faecal hookworm DNA was determined by quantitative PCR. Paired samples were incubated in either sterile water or sterile water mixed with antimicrobials (amphotericin and gentamicin). Coproculture was performed by modified Harada-Mori method. The harvested larvae were then processed in either sterile water or antiseptic solution. Larval yield was then calculated (larvae per gram), larval viability was determined by thermally induced motility assay and microbial burden was determined at the day of harvest, at 48 h and at 7 days. RESULTS: Twenty-eight faecal cultures were performed over 16 months. The faecal hookworm DNA content was variable over this time. There was no association of larval yield with faecal hookworm DNA content. Pre-treatment of faeces with antimicrobials did not influence larval yield. Larval motility was 85.3% (95% CI 79.3-91.3%). Incubation of larvae in antiseptics did not reduce viability at 14 days with a marginal mean of 68.6% (95% CI 59.1-78.1%) washed in water vs. 63.3% (95% CI 53.8 - 72.9%) when incubated in betadine (p = 0.38). Larvae washed in sterile water did not meet microbial bioburden criteria. Incubation in antiseptic resulted in acceptable microbial bioburden at 48 h but not at 7 days. Although the addition of gentamicin did reduce the microbial bio-burden acceptable levels, it was found to significantly lower larval motility at 7 days compared to incubation in sterile water and motility at 7 days 37.8% (95% CI 4.7-70.9%) vs. 67.3% (95% CI 35.2-99.3%, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite standardised culture methodologies and the use of a single

Published
2022

13. Scoping review of community health participatory research projects in Ghana

Author

Kretchy, IA, Okoibhole, LO, Sanuade, OA, Jennings, H, Strachan, DL, Blandford, A, Agyei, F, Asante, P, Todowede, O, Kushitor, M, Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K, Arhinful, D, Baatiema, L, Dankyi, E, Grijalva-Eternod, CS, Fottrell, EF, Aikins, AD-G, Kretchy, IA, Okoibhole, LO, Sanuade, OA, Jennings, H, Strachan, DL, Blandford, A, Agyei, F, Asante, P, Todowede, O, Kushitor, M, Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K, Arhinful, D, Baatiema, L, Dankyi, E, Grijalva-Eternod, CS, Fottrell, EF, and Aikins, AD-G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Community health participation is an essential tool in health research and management where community members, researchers and other relevant stakeholders contribute to the decision-making processes. Though community participation processes can be complex and challenging, evidence from previous studies have reported significant value of engaging with community in community health projects. OBJECTIVE: To identify the nature and extent of community involvement in community health participatory research (CHPR) projects in Ghana and draw lessons for participatory design of a new project on diabetes intervention in Accra called the Contextual Awareness Response and Evaluation (CARE) diabetes project. METHODS: A scoping review of relevant publications on CHPR projects in Ghana which had a participatory component was undertaken. PubMed, PsycINFO, African Journal Online, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Humanities International Complete and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between January 1950 and October 2021. Levac et al.'s (2010) methodological framework for scoping reviews was used to select, collate and characterise the data. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in this review of CHPR projects from multiple disciplines. Participants included community health workers, patients, caregivers, policymakers, community groups, service users and providers. Based on Pretty's participation typology, several themes were identified in relation to the involvement of participants in the identified studies. The highest levels of participation were found in two studies in the diagnosis, four in the development, five in the implementation and three in the evaluation phases of projects. Community participation across all studies was assessed as low overall. CONCLUSION: This review showed that community participation is essential in the acceptability and feasibility of research projects in Ghana and highlighted community participation's role in th

Published
2022

15. Capsular Polysaccharides as Vaccine Candidates

Author

Jennings, H. J., Compans, R. W., editor, Cooper, M., editor, Koprowski, H., editor, McConnell, I., editor, Melchers, F., editor, Nussenzweig, V., editor, Oldstone, M., editor, Olsnes, S., editor, Saedler, H., editor, Vogt, P. K., editor, Wagner, H., editor, Wilson, I., editor, Jann, Klaus, editor, and Jann, Barbara, editor

Published
1990
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16. Location, location, location: Utilizing Needs-Based Assessment of Trauma Systems-2 in trauma system planning

Author

Esra Ozdenerol, John P. Sharpe, Peter E. Fischer, Jennings H Dooley, Martin A. Croce, and Louis J. Magnotti

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Population, Poison control, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, Geospatial predictive modeling, Injury Severity Score, 0302 clinical medicine, Trauma Centers, Injury prevention, Urban Health Services, medicine, Humans, Registries, education, Health Services Needs and Demand, Spatial Analysis, education.field_of_study, Geography, business.industry, Trauma center, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, Census, medicine.disease, United States, Models, Economic, Transportation of Patients, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Surgery, Rural Health Services, Medical emergency, business, Needs Assessment
Abstract

BACKGROUND In 2015, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma introduced the Needs-Based Assessment of Trauma Systems (NBATS) tool to quantify the optimal number of trauma centers for a region. While useful, more focus was required on injury population, distribution, and transportation systems. Therefore, NBATS-2 was developed utilizing advanced geographical modeling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate NBATS-2 in a large regional trauma system. METHODS Data from all injured patients from 2016 to 2017 with an Injury Severity Score greater than 15 was collected from the trauma registry of the existing (legacy) center. Injury location and demographics were analyzed by zip code. A regional map was built using US census data to include hospital and population demographic data by zip code. Spatial modeling was conducted using ArcGIS to estimate an area within a 45-minute drive to a trauma center. RESULTS A total of 1,795 severely injured patients were identified across 54 counties in the tri-state region. Forty-eight percent of the population and 58% of the injuries were within a 45-minute drive of the legacy trauma center. With the addition of another urban center, injured and total population coverage increased by only 1% while decreasing the volume to the existing center by 40%. However, the addition of two rural trauma centers increased coverage significantly to 62% of the population and 71% of the injured (p < 0.001). The volume of the legacy center was decreased by 25%, but the self-pay rate increased by 16%. CONCLUSION The geospatial modeling of NBATS-2 adds a new dimension to trauma system planning. This study demonstrates how geospatial modeling applied in a practical tool can be incorporated into trauma system planning at the local level and used to assess changes in population and injury coverage within a region, as well as potential volume and financial implications to a current system. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Care management/economic, level V.

Published
2019
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