24 results on '"Jeong, Jaewoon"'
Search Results
2. Wild salmon migration routes influence sea lice infestations: An agent-based model predicting farm-related infestations on juvenile salmon.
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Jeong, Jaewoon and McEwan, Gregor
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FISH migration , *PEDICULOSIS , *SALMON farming , *TRADE routes , *SALMON - Abstract
This study presents an Agent-Based Model (ABM) simulation to assess the impact of varying migration routes on sea lice (Caligus clemensi) infestation levels in juvenile wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Discovery Islands, British Columbia, Canada. This research highlights the importance of migratory routes in determining the extent of exposure to sea lice originating from nearby salmon farms. Three northward out-migration routes were modelled, each exposing the fish to different levels of infestation pressure based on proximity to salmon farms. The ABM incorporates spatially explicit migration patterns of juvenile sockeye salmon using a detailed raster map of the Discovery Islands. Key variables such as swimming speed, progression rate, and infestation levels were integrated into the model, offering a comprehensive analysis of migration and infestation dynamics. The study revealed that infestation rate is highly variable, depending on migration routes. Specifically, salmon traveling longer migration routes with lower infestation pressure may experience higher sea lice loads compared to those on shorter routes with higher infestation pressure. This underscores the role of low infestation pressures and the critical influence of swimming speed, which affects exposure time, and thus infestation rates. Additionally, the study conducted a sensitivity analysis to understand the influence of various parameters on infestation rates. This analysis highlighted the importance of swimming speed and progression rate, particularly in routes closer to the farms. The findings suggest that slower swimming speeds and meandering routes increase exposure to lice, thereby elevating infestation levels. The research contributes to understanding the dynamics of sea lice transmission and its relationship with salmon migration patterns. It underscores the necessity of considering migratory routes and farm proximity in managing and mitigating the impact of sea lice infestation on wild salmon populations. This study's insights are crucial for developing strategies to balance aquaculture practices with the conservation of wild salmon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Web‐based application to guide sampling on salmon farms for more precise estimation of sea louse abundance.
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Jeong, Jaewoon and Revie, Crawford W.
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SALMON farming ,WEB-based user interfaces ,LEPEOPHTHEIRUS salmonis ,WATCHFUL waiting ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) - Abstract
Objective: Efficiently managing sea lice on salmon farms through active surveillance, crucial for lice abundance estimation, is challenging due to the need for effective sampling schemes. To address this, we developed an application that considers infestation levels, farm structure, and management protocols, enhancing the precision of sampling strategies for sea louse abundance estimation. Methods: Simulation‐based methods are valuable for estimating suitable sample sizes in complex studies where standard formulae are inadequate. We introduce FishSampling, an open Web‐based application tailored to determine precise sample sizes for specific scenarios and objectives. Result: The model incorporates factors such as sea lice abundance, farm pen numbers, potential clustering effects among these pens, and the desired confidence level. Simulation outcomes within this application provide practical advice on how to decide on the number of fish and pens to sample, under varying levels of assumed clustering. Conclusion: This approach can be used across the salmon aquaculture sector to improve sampling strategies for sea lice abundance estimation and balance surveillance costs against health objectives. Impact statementThe open‐source application FishSampling enhances sea lice monitoring on salmon farms with a novel simulation‐based approach for sample size determination. It offers precise estimates of sea lice abundance, crucial for regulatory purposes, and aids in the efficient allocation of sampling resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Appropriate sampling strategies to estimate sea lice prevalence on salmon farms with low infestation levels
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Jeong, Jaewoon and Revie, Crawford W.
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- 2020
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5. Longitudinal dissolved oxygen patterns in Atlantic salmon aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Awosile, Babafela, additional, Thakur, Krishna K., additional, Stryhn, Henrik, additional, Boyce, Brad, additional, and Vanderstichel, Raphael, additional
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- 2024
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6. Targets and measures: Challenges associated with reporting low sea lice levels on Atlantic salmon farms
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Arriagada, Gabriel, additional, and Revie, Crawford W., additional
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- 2023
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7. Artificial Intelligence on Urology Lab
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Ha, Jae Baek, primary, Jeong, Jaewoon, additional, Suh, Jeongyoon, additional, Park, Sungyun, additional, Wang, Ruei Ting, additional, Kim, Taewoo, additional, Koh, Ji Eun, additional, Tae, Jong Hyun, additional, Chang, In Ho, additional, and Choi, Se Young, additional
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- 2022
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8. New Drugs for Bacillus Calmette Guérin-Unresponsive Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Ha, Jae Baek, additional, and Chang, In Ho, additional
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- 2022
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9. Imperfect Estimation of Lepeophtheirus salmonis Abundance and Its Impact on Salmon Lice Treatment on Atlantic Salmon Farms
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Stormoen, Marit, additional, Thakur, Krishna K., additional, and Revie, Crawford W., additional
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- 2021
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10. Quantifying key parameters related to the life cycle of Caligus rogercresseyi
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, McEwan, Gregor F., additional, Arriagada, Gabriel, additional, Gallardo‐Escárate, Cristian, additional, and Revie, Crawford W., additional
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- 2021
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11. Salmon lice should be managed before they attach to salmon: Exploring epidemiological factors affecting Lepeophtheirus salmonis abundance on salmon farms
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Stormoen, Marit, additional, McEwan, Gregor F., additional, Thakur, Krishna K., additional, and Revie, Crawford W., additional
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- 2021
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12. Using Stochastic Modeling to Predict the Effect of Culling and Colony Dispersal of Bats on Zoonotic Viral Epidemics
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary and McCallum, Hamish, additional
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- 2021
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13. The persistence of a SIR disease in a metapopulation: Hendra virus epidemics in Australian black flying foxes (Pteropus alecto)
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary and McCallum, Hamish, additional
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- 2021
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14. Synergistic Effects of Heat-Killed Kefir Paraprobiotics and Flavonoid-Rich Prebiotics on Western Diet-Induced Obesity
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Seo, Kun-Ho, primary, Jeong, Jaewoon, additional, and Kim, Hyunsook, additional
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- 2020
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15. The persistence of a SIR disease in a metapopulation: Hendra virus epidemics in Australian black flying foxes (Pteropus alecto).
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Jeong, Jaewoon and McCallum, Hamish
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Understanding how emerging viruses persist in bat populations is a fundamental step to understand the processes by which viruses are transmitted from reservoir hosts to spillover hosts. Hendra virus, which has caused fatal infections in horses and humans in eastern Australia since 1994, spills over from its natural reservoir hosts, Pteropus bats (colloquially known as flying foxes). It has been suggested that the Hendra virus maintenance mechanism in the bat populations might be implicated with their metapopulation structure. Here, we examine whether a metapopulation consisting of black flying fox (P. alecto) colonies that are smaller than the critical community size can maintain the Hendra virus. By using the Gillespie algorithm, stochastic mathematical models were used to simulate a cycle, in which viral extinction and recolonisation were repeated in a single colony within a metapopulation. Given estimated flying fox immigration rates, the simulation results showed that recolonisation occurred more frequently than extinction, which indicated that infection would not go extinct in the metapopulation. Consequently, this study suggests that a collection of transient epidemics of Hendra virus in numerous colonies of flying foxes in Australia can support the long-term persistence of the virus at the metapopulation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Quantifying key parameters related to the life cycle of Caligus rogercresseyi.
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Jeong, Jaewoon, McEwan, Gregor F., Arriagada, Gabriel, Gallardo‐Escárate, Cristian, and Revie, Crawford W.
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SURVIVAL rate , *SALMON farming , *LEPEOPHTHEIRUS salmonis , *WATER salinization , *POPULATION dynamics , *WATER temperature , *HAZARD mitigation - Abstract
The salmon louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo 2000) is a common ectoparasite of farmed salmonids in Chile. Sea lice can negatively impact the growth of hosts, adversely affecting aquaculture productivity. Unlike Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1838), whose life cycle parameters have been well studied due to its importance in the Northern Hemisphere, for C. rogercresseyi no single source exists that quantifies the parameters required to model this ectoparasite's life cycle. Given that different species of sea lice have substantially different biological characteristics, it is important to parameterize the life cycle of C. rogercresseyi using appropriate observational data, rather than simply trying to adapt parameters developed for L. salmonis. Using data from existing literature, we quantified the development and survival rates for each stage in the C. rogercresseyi life cycle. We illustrate how development rates are affected by water temperature and explore the important impacts of salinity on rates of survival. We present equations that can be used to model development periods and survival proportions given certain water temperature and salinity profiles. While key parameters to quantitatively model the life cycle of C. rogercresseyi are presented, further research is required to adequately model the complete population dynamics of this ectoparasite on Chilean salmon farms and consequently to support decision‐making to achieve effective control and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Kartlegging og testing av metodikk for telling av lakselus og beregning av luseforekomst
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Solberg, Ingrid, Finstad, Bengt, Berntsen, Henrik Hårdensson, Diserud, Ola H., Frank, Kevin, Helgesen, Kari Olli, Jeong, Jaewoon, Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen, Nytrø, Ane Vigdisdatter, Revie, Crawford W., Sivertsgård, Rolf, Solvang, Torfinn, Sunde, Leif Magne, Thorvaldsen, Trine, Uglem, Ingebrigt, and Mo, Tor Atle
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Forekomst ,Beregning ,Sikkerhet vs. usikkerhet ,Telling ,Lakselus ,Kartlegging ,Oppdrett - Abstract
Solberg, I., Finstad, B., Berntsen, H.H., Diserud, O.H., Frank, K., Helgesen, K.O., Jeong, J., Kristoffersen, A.B., Nytrø, A.V., Revie, C.W., Sivertsgård, R., Solvang, T., Sunde, L.M., Thorvaldsen, T., Uglem, I. og Mo, T.A. 2018. Kartlegging og testing av metodikk for telling av lakselus og beregning av luseforekomst. NINA Rapport 1541. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Alle norske oppdrettsanlegg har pålegg om å telle og rapportere forekomst av lakselus i henhold til forskrift om bekjempelse av lakselus i akvakulturanlegg, også kjent som lakselusforskriften. Registrering av luseforekomst i oppdrettsanleggene brukes både for å vurdere om tiltak er nødvendige, og for å vurdere påvirkning på vill laksefisk. Det er derfor svært viktig å ha pålitelige tall på antall lakselus i oppdrettsanleggene. Foruten et lavt minstekrav til antall fisk som skal telles i den enkelte merd (10-20 fisk avhengig av sesong) åpner dagens regelverk for gjennomføring av lusetelling på oppdrettsfisk også for bruk av ulike metoder for fangst og uttak av fisk, og telling av lus på fisken. Siden ulike fangst- og tellemetoder kan medføre forskjellig grad av usikkerhet knyttet til om fisken er et tilfeldig utvalg fra merda og om all lusa på fisken blir registrert, kan det være vanskelig å direkte sammenlikne luseforekomst mellom lokaliteter og produksjonsområder. Det er derfor viktig å kjenne til hvilke forhold rundt lusetelling som varierer mellom anlegg, og hvordan disse eventuelt påvirker presisjonen i telleresultatet. For å sørge for at utvalg og resultater fra lusetellingene blir så representative som mulig, og at rapporteringen fra forskjellige lokaliteter og aktører blir sammenliknbare, er det derfor svært viktig å kjenne til egenskapene til de ulike metodene som brukes. Det overordnede målet med dette prosjektet har vært å etablere kunnskap som kan bidra til utvikling av en standardisert metode for lusetelling, samt en håndteringsstrategi for telleusikkerhet. Prosjektet har bestått av tre arbeidspakker (AP). I AP1 har vi foretatt en kartlegging av dagens metoder for telling av lakselus i den norske laksenæringen gjennom en intervjuundersøkelse. Resultatene fra denne undersøkelsen bekrefter at det er ulik tolkning av regelverket og ulik gjennomføring av lusetellingen, men også at telling av lus på oppdrettsfisk generelt gjennomføres på en gjennomtenkt og systematisk måte. Vi har også gjennomført en feltundersøkelse (AP2) der oppdrettslaks ble tatt ut med orkastnot med ulik trengetid og tid på dagen, der lus ble telt etter én protokoll som brukes til ordinær lusetelling på merdkanten og i en mer grundig kontrolltelling. Trengetid og tid på dagen viste seg å ikke påvirke telleresultatene, og resultatene fra den ordinære tellingen og kontrolltellingen var totalt sett tilnærmet like. Det var imidlertid avvik mellom telleresultatene ved den ordinære tellingen og kontrolltellingen ved et forholdsvis lavt antall fisk, og individuelle lusetall kunne være både høyere og lavere ved den ordinære tellingen. Svært få kjønnsmodne hunnlus ble oversett i den ordinære tellingen. Værforholdene var usedvanlig gode under forsøkene, slik at variasjonen i miljøforhold og menneskelige faktorer ble for liten til at eventuelle relasjoner til telleresultatene kunne modelleres. I AP3 har vi gjennom simuleringsøvelser sett på ulike problemstillinger knyttet utelukkende til den statistiske rest-usikkerheten («sampling-usikkerheten») som alltid vil være i et telleresultat som er basert på et lite utvalg fra populasjonene, i og med at lus ikke er jevnt fordelt mellom fiskene i anlegget. Vi har vist hvordan denne statistiske usikkerheten kan beregnes, funnet faktorer som påvirker den og diskutert et system for hvordan den kan håndteres av forvaltningen sett opp mot lusegrenser. Vi har her blant annet vurdert et enkelt handlingsregelsystem for hvordan en kan bruke flere lusetellinger på rad til å minimere sjansen for feilaktig å konkludere med en overskridelse av lusegrensen («falsk alarm»). Et system som ensidig fokuserer på å minimere sjansen for «falsk alarm» vil imidlertid samtidig øke sjansen for feilaktig å konkludere med at grensen ikke er overskredet, når den i virkeligheten er det («falsk frikjenning»). Hvordan en vektlegger eventuelle konsekvenser av disse to typene av feil vil være avgjørende for vurdering av om tiltak er nødvendige. I tillegg har vi sett på beregning av luseforekomst og foreslått en tilnærming for beregning av det reelle utslippet av infektive lakseluslarver fra oppdrettsanlegg der lakselusas biologi og vanntemperaturen er hensyntatt. Vi har i dette prosjektet undersøkt noen faktorer som kan påvirke telleresultatet, og våre resultater tyder på at disse faktorene ikke i vesentlig grad vil øke usikkerhet i den estimerte luseforekomsten, under de rådende lusetettheten og miljøforholdene ved gjennomføringen av undersøkelsene. Det er imidlertid en rekke andre faktorer som også kan tenkes å føre til usikkerhet i estimatene av forekomst av lus i lakseanlegg, og det er behov for mer kunnskap om disse for å kunne vurdere behovet for etablering av en standard for telling av lus. For å få gode estimater av luseforekomst er det kritisk at innsamlingsmetodene gir representative utvalg og at tellemetodene ikke introduserer systematiske feil i telleresultatene. Vi har i denne rapporten diskutert og oppsummert momenter som kan inngå i en bransjestandard for lusetelling dersom etablering av en slik standard anses som nødvendig. Noen av disse momentene er allerede standardisert i lakselusforskriften, mens det for andre momenter er behov for mer kunnskap. Utvikling av en standard for lusetelling innebærer syntese av alle typer kunnskap, både forsknings- og erfarings-basert, og forutsetter dermed interaktiv dialog med næringen. • Oppdretts- og fiskehelseselskapene gjennomfører generelt selve lusetellingene på en gjennomtenkt og systematisk måte. Registreringen og innrapporteringen utføres imidlertid ulikt, noe som kan gjøre det vanskelig å direkte sammenlikne luseforekomst mellom lokaliteter og produksjonsområder. • Dersom registreringene gjøres slik at all lus blir registrert på den fisken den ble funnet på, og lus fra karet blir registrert slik at de er sporbare i datamaterialet, vil selskapenes egne lusetall bli et sterkere verktøy for å løse utfordringer knyttet til lakselus. • Resultatene fra feltstudiet viser at telling og klassifisering av lus på merdkanten kan gjøres presist av godt trent mannskap under optimale værforhold og ved relativt lave forekomster av lus. • Det kan med fordel lages en bedre og felles opplæringsprosedyre for personell som skal gjennomføre lustellinger, og det bør bli lik forståelse for hvilke fisk som skal undersøkes og hvor i merden de skal samles inn fra. • Det finnes mange potensielle kilder til usikkerhet ved estimering av lus i lakseanlegg, hvor den største kilden til usikkerhet trolig er at det ikke telles lus på et tilstrekkelig høyt antall fisk. Med et relativt lite utvalg fra en skjev fordeling må nødvendigvis presisjonen i de estimerte luseforekomstene bli begrenset, og alltid være beheftet med en viss statistisk usikkerhet. • Det er evaluert et enkelt handlingsregelsystem, med utgangspunkt i antallet fisk som skal telles pr merd i henhold til dagen regelverk, for hvordan en kan bruke flere lusetellinger på rad til å minimere sjansen for feilaktig å konkludere med en overskridelse av luse-grensen («falsk alarm»). Det er imidlertid viktig å være klar over at et slikt system samtidig vil øke sjansen for feilaktig å konkludere med at grensen ikke er overskredet, når den i virkeligheten er det («falsk frikjenning»). • Det er foreslått en tilnærming for beregning av det reelle utslippet av infektive lakselus-larver fra oppdrettsanlegg der lakselusas biologi og vanntemperaturen er hensyntatt. Denne tilnærmingen vil være bedre egnet for å vurdere effekten av forekomst av lus i anlegg på ville laksefiskbestander enn dagens prosedyre med kun rapportering av an-tallet kjønnsmoden hunnlus. • Det er svært viktig at man kjenner til de statistiske egenskapene (usikkerhet og systematiske feil) til de aktuelle metodene som brukes til å estimere forekomst av lus i lakse-anlegg, og hvordan telleresultatene påvirkes av forhold under tellingen, for å kunne foreta en kvalifisert vurdering av telleresultatene, samt sammenlikne disse på lokalt, regionalt og nasjonalt nivå. En standardisert prosedyre for telling av lus kan da omfatte et harmonisert sett med metoder som brukes under definerte betingelser. Solberg, I., Finstad, B., Berntsen, H.H., Diserud, O.H., Frank, K., Helgesen, K.O., Jeong, J., Kristoffersen, A.B., Nytrø, A.V., Revie, C.W., Sivertsgård, R., Solvang, T., Sunde, L.M., Thorvaldsen, T., Uglem, I. & Mo, T.A. 2018. Mapping and testing of methodology for counting sea lice and calculation of lice occurrence. NINA Report 1541. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Reporting the occurrence of sea lice on farmed salmon is mandatory for all salmon farms in Norway. The lice numbers are used both to assess whether mitigative measures are required and to evaluate the impact on wild salmonids. It is therefore important to have reliable data on occurrence of sea lice in fish farms. In addition to a minimum number of fish to be counted in individual net pens (10-20 fish depending on season), the current regulations for lice registration also allow different methods for sampling of fish and lice counting on the fish. Since different sampling and counting methods can result in varying degrees of uncertainty, regarding whether the fish is randomly sampled or if all lice on the fish are recorded, it may be problematic to directly compare occurrence of lice among farm sites and production areas. It is therefore important to know how lice registration methods vary among farms and how this may affect the precision of the estimated lice numbers. To ensure that selection of fish and lice counting data are as repre-sentative as possible, and that reports from different sites are comparable, it is crucial to know the characteristics of the different methods used. The overall goal of this project has been to obtain knowledge that can contribute to the development of a standardized method for lice counting, as well as a management strategy for lice counting uncertainty. The project has consisted of three work packages (WPs). In WP1 we have conducted a survey of current methods for counting sea lice in the Norwegian salmon industry through an interview survey. The results from this study confirm that there are different interpretations of the regulations and different implementations of lice counting methods, but also that the counting of lice generally is carried out in a systematic and adequate manner. We also con-ducted a field study (WP2) in which farmed salmon were sampled with large dipnets (orkastnot) at different times of the day, and where lice were counted in two ways; either following a conventional protocol for lice counting or by performing a more thorough control counting. Sampling time and crowding period in the dip-net did not affect the counting results, and the results from the conventional counting and the control counting were relatively similar. However, there was a deviation between lice numbers found in the conventional counting and the control for a relatively low number of fish, and individual lice numbers could be both higher and lower for conventional counting methods. Few sexually mature female lice were ignored in the conventional counting when compared to the control. The weather conditions were exceptionally good during the field trial, and differences in lice numbers due to varying environmental conditions or human factors were not found. Finally, in WP3, we have explored various issues related to the statistical residual uncertainty ("sampling uncertainty") which will always be present in counting data from a relatively small selection of fish. We have shown how this statistical uncertainty can be calculated, identified factors that affect the uncertainty and discussed how this may be handled within set lice limits. We have discussed a system for how multiple lice counts can be used to minimize the probability for concluding that the lice numbers are higher than the set limit, when they are not higher (“false alarm”). However, a system that unilaterally focuses on minimizing the probability of "false alarms" will also increase the probability of erroneously concluding that the limit is not exceeded, when it is exceeded ("false acquittal"). It is crucial to balance the possible consequences of these two types of errors when assessing the needs for measures. In addition, we have suggested an approach for calculating the total occurrence of lice in farms in terms of production of infectious sea lice larvae, which takes variation in lice biology and water temperatures into account. In this project we have investigated several factors that may affect the precision of lice counting, and our results indicate that the examined factors will not significantly contribute to uncertainty under conditions like experienced in our study. However, there are several other factors that may lead to uncertainty regarding occurrence of lice in salmon farms, and the knowledge on these factors should be extended before development of a more standardized method for lice counting. Reliable estimates of lice occurrence require representative samples of fish, and the counting methods should not introduce systematic errors. In this report we have discussed and summarized elements that may be included in a standardized method for lice counting. Some of these elements are already standardized in the existing lice regulation, while other factors require more knowledge. Development of a standardized counting method involves synthesis of all types of knowledge, both scientific and experience-based, and would thus require an interactive dialogue with the industry. • In general, farmers and fish health companies conduct lice counting in an adequate and systematic manner. However, registration and reporting of lice numbers vary, which may involve that direct comparisons of lice occurrence among sites and production areas are difficult. • If all lice occurring on infested fish are recorded individually, and the lice that have been lost in the sedation tank are accounted for in the data material, the lice numbers provided by the farming industry will become an even better tool for solving challenges associated with salmon lice. • The results from the field study show that lice counting including classification of lice stages can be done accurately under farming conditions by a well-trained crew under optimal weather conditions and relatively low infestation rates. • Development of an improved and unified training procedure for personnel who are conducting lice counting in salmon farms would be advantageous, and a common understanding of which type of fish and where these are collected within the cages should be established. • There are many potential sources of uncertainty when estimating lice occurrence in fish farms, with perhaps the most important source being that lice is counted for too few fish. Counting of lice for a relatively small sample with a skewed distribution would always involve limited precision and a certain statistical uncertainty. • A simple rule-of-thumb system aimed at minimising the probability for concluding that the lice numbers are higher than a set limit, when they are not higher (“false alarm”) was evaluated in the current study. The system is based on the numbers of fish normally being counted per cage and describes how results from successive counts can be used to reduce the probability of false alarms. However, a system that solely focuses on minimizing the probability of "false alarms" will implicitly increase the probability of erroneously concluding that the limit is not exceeded, when it has been exceeded ("false acquittal"). • An approach has been proposed for calculating the actual production of infectious sea lice larvae from salmon farms that considers both lice biology and water temperature. The suggested approach would be more adequate for assessment of effects of salmon lice originating from farms on wild salmon stocks than the present system which is based on reports of the number of mature female lice per farmed fish. • Knowledge about the statistical properties (uncertainty and systematic errors) of the methods used to estimate occurrence of lice in salmon farms, and also about how the estimated lice numbers are affected by the conditions under the lice counting, is crucial to assess the precision of the estimates, as well as comparing them at local, regional and national levels. A standardized procedure for lice counting may thus include a harmonized set of methods which are used under different conditions.
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- 2018
18. Relation of seasonal birth pulses and maternal immunity with viral invasion and persistence: A case study of Hendra virus infection in a population of black flying foxes (Pteropus alecto)
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Peel, Alison J., additional, Plowright, Raina K., additional, Restif, Olivier, additional, and Mccallum, Hamish, additional
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- 2019
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19. Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Salmonellosis in Chicken Skewers from Street Food Vendors in South Korea
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Kim, Hyunsook, additional, and Seo, Kun-Ho, additional
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- 2019
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20. Epidemic Modelling Studies of Hendra virus and Coronavirus in Australian Bats
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Jeong, Jaewoon
- Subjects
Coronavirus ,Disease management strategies ,Australian bats ,Hendra virus ,Viral dynamics ,Reservoir populations - Abstract
Bats (order Chiroptera) are known as natural reservoir hosts of many emerging zoonotic diseases. The increasing trend in outbreaks of bat-borne emerging zoonotic diseases in recent years poses serious risks to public health. Coronaviruses in bat populations have demonstrated their potential to bring about deadly pandemics, such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome). Hendra virus in Pteropus spp. (fruit bats or flying foxes) is a lethal zoonotic virus that has repeatedly emerged to infect horses, leading to fatal human infections in eastern Australia. However, more research has been needed on mechanisms how bats maintain zoonotic pathogens in their populations and on factors that stimulate the reservoir hosts to excrete the pathogens. This knowledge would help understand the spillover mechanism and manage the diseases effectively in their natural reservoir hosts before the diseases spillover. This thesis explores the transmission dynamics of bat-borne viruses (coronavirus and Hendra virus) in their natural reservoir hosts of bats, by employing mathematical epidemic models to simulate the dynamics. Chapter 1 commences with the story of the emergence of Hendra virus. From the story, particular questions are extracted. I review the knowledge previously available to answer those questions and explain how approaches for mathematical modelling of infectious diseases can be used to study these topics. Relevant information on bat biology and ecology is suggested. Management strategies for bat zoonotic diseases are also previewed. Finally, the aims and structure of the thesis are outlined. Chapter 2 analyses the effect of persistent infection on coronavirus maintenance in a population of Australian bats (Myotis macropus). By using a previously performed capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study, more intensive mathematical methods were employed. The multi-model selection processes supported the notion that it is appropriate to divide coronavirus infectious bats into two groups of persistently infectious and transiently infectious bats, based on the infectious period. The epidemic models predicted that the grouping of bats increases the probability of coronavirus maintenance in the bat population. Chapter 3 explores the effects of maternally-derived immunity in seasonally breeding wildlife on epidemic patterns by using a system of Hendra virus infection in black flying foxes (Pteropus alecto). Deterministic models were used to simulate epidemics, which were characterised by a variety of timings of viral introduction and a range of pre-existing herd immunities. Waning maternally-derived immunity dispersed the timing of supply of susceptible individuals from births and losses of maternally-derived immunity and thereby diluted the effect of seasonal breeding on epidemics. The dispersion of timing increased the probability of viral persistence and contributed to shifting the timing of epidemic peaks further away from the peak of a birth pulse. Chapter 4 numerically examines whether a metapopulation of flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) can support the maintenance of Hendra virus. The implications of metapopulation structure of flying foxes on Hendra virus dynamics needs more investigations. A single population of flying foxes in the context of a metapopulation structure was stochastically simulated to repeat the cycle of viral extinction and recolonisation in the population. The simulation results predicted that viral recolonisation should occur more frequently than extinction in a colony in a metapopulation, supporting the hypothesis that the metapopulation structure of flying foxes can maintain long-term persistence of Hendra virus. Chapter 5 examines the effects of culling and dispersal of flying foxes on the spillover risk of Hendra virus. Metapopulation models were simulated stochastically using various culling and dispersal scenarios. The models used the most favourable possible assumptions about Hendra virus epidemiology for the application of these management strategies. Nevertheless, many scenarios were predicted to be counter-productive in reducing the spillover risk of Hendra virus. Even though the scenarios expected positive effects on decreasing the spillover risk, the degree of benefits was not realistic if the cost was considered. I, therefore, concluded that culling or dispersal were not effective strategies to manage Hendra virus spillover. Chapter 6 describes the findings provided in each chapter. Then, I discuss the findings, focusing on the viral dynamics in reservoir populations of emerging infectious diseases. Based on the dynamics, I suggest the disease management strategies. I discuss how to do proper modelling research using insufficient data on wildlife diseases. Finally, this chapter provides suggestions for further research.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Risk Assessment for Salmonellosis in Chicken in South Korea: The Effect of Salmonella Concentration in Chicken at Retail
- Author
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Chon, Jung-Whan, additional, Kim, Hyunsook, additional, Song, Kwang-Young, additional, and Seo, Kun-Ho, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Epidemic Modelling Studies of Hendra virus and Coronavirus in Australian Bats
- Author
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McCallum, Hamish, McBroom, James, Peel, Alison, Plowright, Raina, Jeong, Jaewoon, McCallum, Hamish, McBroom, James, Peel, Alison, Plowright, Raina, and Jeong, Jaewoon
- Abstract
Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Environment and Sc, Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology, Bats (order Chiroptera) are known as natural reservoir hosts of many emerging zoonotic diseases. The increasing trend in outbreaks of bat-borne emerging zoonotic diseases in recent years poses serious risks to public health. Coronaviruses in bat populations have demonstrated their potential to bring about deadly pandemics, such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome). Hendra virus in Pteropus spp. (fruit bats or flying foxes) is a lethal zoonotic virus that has repeatedly emerged to infect horses, leading to fatal human infections in eastern Australia. However, more research has been needed on mechanisms how bats maintain zoonotic pathogens in their populations and on factors that stimulate the reservoir hosts to excrete the pathogens. This knowledge would help understand the spillover mechanism and manage the diseases effectively in their natural reservoir hosts before the diseases spillover. This thesis explores the transmission dynamics of bat-borne viruses (coronavirus and Hendra virus) in their natural reservoir hosts of bats, by employing mathematical epidemic models to simulate the dynamics. Chapter 1 commences with the story of the emergence of Hendra virus. From the story, particular questions are extracted. I review the knowledge previously available to answer those questions and explain how approaches for mathematical modelling of infectious diseases can be used to study these topics. Relevant information on bat biology and ecology is suggested. Management strategies for bat zoonotic diseases are also previewed. Finally, the aims and structure of the thesis are outlined. Chapter 2 analyses the effect of persistent infection on coronavirus maintenance in a population of Australian bats (Myotis macropus). By using a previously performed capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study, more intensive mathematical methods were employed. The multi-model selection processes supported the notion that it is appropriate to divide
- Published
- 2017
23. Stochastic model of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus control strategies on a swine farm in the United States
- Author
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Jeong, Jaewoon, primary, Aly, Sharif S., additional, Cano, Jean Paul, additional, Polson, Dale, additional, Kass, Philip H., additional, and Perez, Andres M., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Using Stochastic Modeling to Predict the Effect of Culling and Colony Dispersal of Bats on Zoonotic Viral Epidemics.
- Author
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Jeong J and McCallum H
- Subjects
- Animals, Horses, Zoonoses epidemiology, Chiroptera, Epidemics veterinary, Hendra Virus, Henipavirus Infections epidemiology, Henipavirus Infections veterinary, Horse Diseases
- Abstract
Frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases originating from wild animals have highlighted the necessity of managing wildlife populations to prevent zoonotic spillover, and the appropriate development of management protocols required attention on gaining a better understanding of viral dynamics in wild animal populations. In east Australia, there have been outbreaks of Hendra virus (HeV) infection in horses and humans following spillover from the virus's reservoir hosts, flying foxes (family Pteropodidae), and bat culling and colony dispersal have been proposed as appropriate management strategies. A key factor relating to flying fox population structure that influences HeV dynamics is that these bats form metapopulations, and consequently, to assess this factor, we designed an epidemic dynamics model of HeV transmission, focusing on bat metapopulation dynamics. Specifically, using flying fox movement data, we stochastically simulated models for a hypothetical metapopulation of flying foxes to examine the impact of metapopulation-related parameters, and subsequently simulated probable scenarios of culling and colony dispersal to estimate their effects on the probability of epidemic occurrence. Modeling of the hypothetical metapopulation revealed that a reduction in the number of large-sized colonies would lead to an increase in the probability of epidemic occurrence within the bat population, whereas the strong spatial coupling among colonies was found to dilute the effects of altering the number of colonies and the number of bats in each colony through culling or colony dispersal of bats on the probability that an epidemic within the bat population would occur. Culling and colony dispersal scenarios showed no significantly beneficial effect with respect to reducing the probability of an HeV epidemic occurring in flying foxes, and may indeed prove counterproductive. In conclusion, the modeling results indicate that bat culling and colony dispersal may not be an effective strategy to control HeV epidemics.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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