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A head‐up display (HUD) is conveniently used to provide information on the display without changing the user's gaze. 3D HUDs, capable of projecting three‐dimensional information beyond the 2D HUDs, enable the projection of augmented reality (AR) objects into the real world. Research on the perception of 3D AR HUDs is crucial for their efficient utilization and secure commercialization. In this study, we examined whether a 3D HUD is more comfortable than a 2D HUD in the context of viewing real‐world environments and augmented reality objects together. Additionally, we analyzed participants' perception of distance and fatigue for AR objects at varying distances from the 3D HUD. The study found that using a 3D HUD in an AR environment resulted in less fatigue than using a 2D HUD, as determined by a Mann–Whitney statistical analysis. Participants were able to match the depth of AR objects in a 3D HUD within a range of 3 to 50 m, with similar diopter and parallax angular distance errors, regardless of the distance of the AR object. Visual fatigue increases with increasing distance from the virtual‐image plane and can be modeled as a quadratic function in the domain of diopter and parallax angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hot flashes are a common side effect of endocrine therapy (ET) that contribute to poor quality of life and decreased treatment adherence. Methods: Patients with breast cancer wo were receiving ET and experiencing hot flashes were enrolled through three parallel, randomized trials conducted in the United States, China, and South Korea. Participants were randomized to either immediate acupuncture (IA) or delayed acupuncture control (DAC). IA participants received 20 acupuncture sessions over 10 weeks, whereas DAC participants received usual care, then crossed over to acupuncture with a reduced intensity. The primary end point was a change in score on the endocrine symptom subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)‐Endocrine Symptoms between baseline and week 10. Secondary end points included the hot flash score and the FACT‐Breast score. A planned pooled analysis of individual patient data was performed using longitudinal mixed models. Results: In total, 158 women with stage 0–III breast cancer were randomized (United States, n = 78; China, n = 40; South Korea, n = 40). At week 10, IA participants reported statistically significant improvements in the endocrine symptom subscale score (mean change ± standard error: 5.1 ± 0.9 vs. 0.2 ± 1.0; p =.0003), the hot flash score (−5.3 ± 0.9 vs. −1.4 ± 0.9; p <.003), and the FACT‐Breast total score (8.0 ± 1.6 vs. −0.01 ± 1.6; p =.0005) compared with DAC participants. The effect of the acupuncture intervention differed by site (p =.005). Conclusions: Acupuncture led to statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in hot flashes, endocrine symptoms, and breast cancer‐specific quality of life in women undergoing ET for breast cancer in the United States, China, and South Korea. In a pooled analysis of three parallel trials, acupuncture significantly reduced hot flashes and other endocrine symptoms in women with stage 0–III breast cancer undergoing endocrine therapy in the United States, China, and South Korea. In the women studied, acupuncture led to statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in hot flashes, endocrine symptoms, and breast cancer‐specific quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we analyzed the upgrade rate and associated factors for upgrade, malignant upgrade, and subsequent breast cancer occurrence of papillary breast lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB). Methods: One hundred sixty‐nine patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of papillary breast lesions diagnosed on CNB were included in this study. Medical records including radiological and pathological reports were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The overall upgrade rate was 29.6%, and upgrade rate to malignancy was 16.6%. Age over 45 years, preoperative tumor size ≥0.7 cm on breast ultrasound, pathologic tumor size ≥0.4 cm, breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) category 4b or 4c, and personal history of breast cancer were associated with upgrade. In addition, age over 45 years, preoperative tumor size ≥0.9 cm, pathologic tumor size ≥0.6 cm, atypia in CNB, and BIRADS category 4b or 4c were associated with malignancy. The risk of subsequent breast cancer occurrence was increased in preoperative tumor size ≥0.8 cm, pathologic tumor size ≥0.5 cm, multiple and recurrent lesions. Conclusion: Our study showed high upgrade rate of papillary breast lesions diagnosed on CNB. Our findings suggest that surgical excision is recommended for papillary breast lesions diagnosed on CNB in selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]