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Abstract Abeliophyllum distichum (Oleaceae), endemic to the Korean Peninsula and the sole member of its genus and species, possesses high scarcity value, escalating its importance under the Nagoya Protocol. Despite its significance, their metabolites and activities of A. distichum flowers remain unexplored. This study employs an integrated metabolomic approach utilizing NMR, LC/MS, GC/MS, and FTIR techniques to comprehensively analyze the metabolite profile of A. distichum flowers. By combining these methods, we identified 35 metabolites, 43 secondary metabolites, and 108 hydrophobic primary metabolites. Notably, distinct concentration patterns of these compounds were observed across five variants, classified based on morphological characteristics. Correlation analyses of primary and secondary metabolites unveiled varietal metabolic flux, providing insights into A. distichum flower metabolism. Additionally, the reconstruction of metabolic pathways based on dissimilarities in morphological traits elucidates variant‐specific metabolic signatures. These findings not only enhance our understanding of chemical differences between varieties but also underscore the importance of considering varietal differences in future research and conservation efforts.

Abstract Background Accurate assessment of physical activity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy is crucial for determining the effectiveness of interventions. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between real-world activity monitoring outcomes and in-laboratory standardized hand function assessments in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Methods Actigraphy data were collected over 3 days from children aged 4–12 years with unilateral cerebral palsy before in-laboratory assessments. To tackle the high dimensionality and collinearity of actigraphy variables, we first applied hierarchical clustering using the Pearson correlation coefficient as the distance metric and then performed a principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of our data. Results Both hierarchical clustering and PCAs revealed a consistent pattern in which magnitude ratio variables (ln[affected side magnitude/less-affected side magnitude]) were more strongly associated with standardized assessments of hand function than with activity time and distance domain variables. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified two distinct clusters of actigraphy variables, with the second cluster primarily consisting of magnitude ratio variables that exhibited the strongest correlation with Melbourne Assessment 2, Pediatric Motor Activity Log, Assisting Hand Assessment, and Manual Ability Classification System level. Principal component 2, primarily representing the magnitude ratio domain, was positively associated with a meaningful portion of subcategories of standardized measures, whereas principal component 1, representing the activity time and distance component, showed limited associations. Conclusions The magnitude ratio of actigraphy can provide additional objective information that complements in-laboratory hand function assessment outcomes in future studies of children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Trial registration in ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904796 (registered prospectively; date of registration: 23/05/2021).

Abstract Background Viruses have notable effects on agroecosystems, wherein they can adversely affect plant health and cause problems (e.g., increased biosecurity risks and economic losses). However, our knowledge of their diversity and interactions with specific host plants in ecosystems remains limited. To enhance our understanding of the roles that viruses play in agroecosystems, comprehensive analyses of the viromes of a wide range of plants are essential. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques are useful for conducting impartial and unbiased investigations of plant viromes, ultimately forming a basis for generating further biological and ecological insights. This study was conducted to thoroughly characterize the viral community dynamics in individual plants. Results An HTS-based virome analysis in conjunction with proximity sampling and a tripartite network analysis were performed to investigate the viral diversity in chunkung (Cnidium officinale) plants. We identified 61 distinct chunkung plant-associated viruses (27 DNA and 34 RNA viruses) from 21 known genera and 6 unclassified genera in 14 known viral families. Notably, 12 persistent viruses (7 DNA and 5 RNA viruses) were exclusive to dwarfed chunkung plants. The detection of viruses from the families Partitiviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Spinareoviridae only in the dwarfed plants suggested that they may contribute to the observed dwarfism. The co-infection of chunkung by multiple viruses is indicative of a dynamic and interactive viral ecosystem with significant sequence variability and evidence of recombination. Conclusions We revealed the viral community involved in chunkung. Our findings suggest that chunkung serves as a significant reservoir for a variety of plant viruses. Moreover, the co-infection rate of individual plants was unexpectedly high. Future research will need to elucidate the mechanisms enabling several dozen viruses to co-exist in chunkung. Nevertheless, the important insights into the chunkung virome generated in this study may be relevant to developing effective plant viral disease management and control strategies.

Abstract This study aimed to identify substances including Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1 (KACC 92054P) that alleviate hangover-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The association between emotional anxiety caused by hangover and the genes P2X4, P2X7, SLC6A4 was investigated. In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted to assess the influence of free-panica on alcohol-induced upregulated gene expression. Additionally, the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood was measured. Free-panica, consisting of five natural products (Phyllanthus amarus, Phoenix dactylifera, Vitis vinifera, Zingiber officinale, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus), were evaluated for their regulatory effects on genes involved in alcohol-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The combination of these natural products in free-panica successfully restored emotional anxiety, and the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood to those of the normal control group. These findings support the potential development of free-panica as a health functional food or medicinal intervention for relieving hangover symptoms and protecting liver from alcohol consumption.

Abstract Stretchable displays attract significant attention because of their potential applications in wearable electronics, smart textiles, and human-conformable devices. This paper introduces an electrically stable, mechanically ultra-robust, and water-resistant stretchable OLED display (SOLED) mounted on a stress-relief pillar platform. The SOLED is fabricated on a thin, transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using conventional vacuum evaporation, organic-inorganic hybrid thin film encapsulation (TFE), and a nonselective laser patterning process. This simple and efficient process yields an OLED display with exceptional stretchability, reaching up to 95% strain and outstanding durability, enduring 100,000 stretch-release cycles at 50% strain. Operational lifetime and water-resistant storage lifetime measurements confirm that the TFE provides effective protection even after the nonselective laser patterning process. A 3 × 3 array SOLED display module mounted on a stress-relief pillar platform is successfully implemented, marking the first case of water-resistant display array operation in the field of SOLEDs. This work aims to develop practical stretchable displays by offering a reliable fabrication method and device design for creating mechanically robust and adaptable displays, potentially paving the way for future advances in human-conformable electronics and other innovative applications.

In this paper, a direct cooling pipe for hydrogen inside the marine hydrogen storage cylinder (HSC) was designed, and the cooling pipe was simulated and analyzed under different cooling structures and different cooling fluids using ANSYS(Fluent) 2022 R2. The simulation results show that the effect of different cooling fluids on the temperatures were nearly the same. The heat transfer coefficients, however, of various fluids were different, and the cooling temperature was also different after cooling for the same time. The cooling structures mainly affect the cooling rate of the hydrogen due to the contact area with hydrogen inside the HSC. Among the three structures investigated in this study, the cooling capacity of the spiral layout was increased by 0.85 % and 0.63 %, respectively, compared to the rectangular and wavy layout. The rectangular layout has the certain cooling effect, however, in comparison to the spiral tube structure, it has too many corners, which increases the hindering effect on the flow of cooling medium inside the tubes and affects the cooling efficiency. The wavy layout has the largest contact area, but it has the problems of uneven cooling and occupying a large amount of hydrogen storage space. Among the three structures, comprehensively speaking, the spiral layout is considered to be the optimal. The optimal performance parameters were determined by comparing the simulation results of the three layouts during cooling process with hydrogen charging being performed. The results show that the cooling pipe can achieve the hydrogen temperature to be controlled within 358 K before the hydrogen pressure in the HSC reaches 70 MPa, and the maximum temperature is 336.07 K was obtained after the completion of hydrogen filling. This paper gives technical information for optimizing the thermal performance and safety of the hydrogen fueling system.

In the emergency department, accurately identifying patients who will require intensive care unit admission is crucial for effective care and resource allocation. Existing methods, such as triage judgments based on Emergency Severity Index, may not fully capture the dynamic nature of patient conditions, potentially overlooking critical risks. Therefore, it is essential to detect sequential deterioration in patients with initially underestimated triage scores. This study addresses the challenge of identifying patients who, despite being initially triaged as low-acuity, later require intensive care unit admission due to clinical deterioration. We propose an anomaly detection approach to continuously monitor patients for signs of deterioration. To achieve this, we employed a sequential anomaly detection model integrated with Long Short-Term Memory to capture temporal relationships within the data. Given the limitations of existing metrics for assessing clinical relevance, we validated the performance of our model by measuring its ability to correctly identify cases and its effectiveness in providing timely and actionable alerts to healthcare providers. Our model achieved a recall of 0.8299 and a precision of 0.8206, continuously alerting healthcare providers 36% of the time throughout the patient’s stay, with an average lead time of 3.13 hours.

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonization in the future. In the marine sector, marine solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that employ hydrogen as an energy source have already been developed. In this study, a multi-channel plate-anode-loaded SOFC was taken as the research object. A three-dimensional steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for anode-supported SOFC was established, which is based on the mass conservation, energy conservation, momentum conservation, electrochemical reactions, and charge transport equations, including detailed geometric shapes, model boundary condition settings, and the numerical methods employed. The polarization curves calculated from the numerical simulation were compared with experimental results from the literature to verify the model’s accuracy. The curved model was applied by enlarging the flow channels or adding blocks. Numerical calculations were employed to obtain the current density, temperature distribution, and component concentration distribution under the operating conditions of the SOFC. Subsequently, the distribution patterns of various physical parameters during the SOFC operation were analyzed. Compared to the classical model, the temperature of the curved model was reduced by 1.3%, and the velocities of the cathode and anode were increased by 4.9% and 5.0%, respectively, with a 2.42% enhancement in performance. The findings of this study provide robust support for research into and the application of marine SOFCs, and offer they insights into how we may achieving “dual carbon” goals.

Brush seals are extensively used in rotating equipment, such as gas turbines and compressors, providing effective sealing while accommodating radial, axial, and angular movements between components. In this study, the performance of brush seals with and without clearances was predicted through axisymmetric 2D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations using a porous media model. Because the accurate modeling of a brush seal requires the appropriate porosity to be determined and the flow resistance to be calculated, a porosity correction was performed based on the brush seal’s geometry and pressure ratio. The corrected porosity was then used to calculate the flow resistance and the leakage flow rate was predicted. Based on the results, the corrected porosity significantly improved the accuracy of the previously unreliable leakage flow rate predictions, regardless of the presence of clearances. For cases with a clearance, the blow-down effect was determined through CFD simulations for the given geometry and was compared with experimental data. The leakage flow rate predictions were highly accurate, with a relative error of less than 5% across a pressure ratio range of 1.5–4.

Renewable hydrogen plays a critical role in the current energy transition, and can facilitate the decarbonization and de-fossilization of hard-to-abate sectors, such as the industrial, power, transportation and buildings sectors. High pressure hydrogen valve（HPHV）is an important energy storage element for the hydrogen fueling station. Given the problems of large internal pressure fluctuation and long adjustment time of the HPHV during the operation of the current hydrogen fueling system, it is necessary to study the thermal effects of the HPHV. In the study，the pressure、temperature and velocity changes of the HPHV are studied from the aspect of numerical calculation. The hydrogen pressure and temperature changes of the model were simulated and analyzed at the different filling parameters. The accuracy of the simulation model was demonstrated by practice. The influence of the internal taper of the spool on the temperature change of 40°, 50°, 60° and 70° was studied. The influence of outlet pressure of 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa, 20 MPa, 25 MPa on the temperature of high-pressure hydrogen valve and the influence of mass flow rate of 0.1 g/s, 0.3 g/s, 0.5 g/s, 0.8 g/s on the velocity field of hydrogen high-pressure valve. The study shows that when the taper was 60°, the optimal decompression performance, small temperature rise, and the performance was stable. The highest speed and the lowest temperature appear near the gap outlet, up to 2500 m/s and 85 K, respectively. The temperature and speed change trends were basically opposite, and the temperature change range of the outlet was 280 K–370 K. The results of this study provide great support for the research and application of ultra-high pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogen refueling, which also provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of the hydrogen energy industry and the wide application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and provide ideas for realizing the goal of “dual carbon''.

Hydrogen can serve as an abundant, green, low-carbon, and widely applicable secondary energy source, holding significant importance in building a clean, low-carbon, secure, and efficient energy system and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. In the research of hydrogen fuel cells, thermal management, particularly cooling methods, plays a crucial role in the operation of the battery units. This paper primarily focuses on cooling methods in thermal management, using factors such as arrangement, cooling medium, and environmental temperature as variables to establish a simulation model for the thermal behavior of cylindrical hydrogen fuel cells and conduct a parametric study. The research findings indicate that enveloping the battery with a cooling medium can enhance heat dissipation by 19 %. Arranging the hydrogen fuel cell units in a symmetrical rectangular pattern yields excellent heat dissipation results. The battery's maximum temperature increases with the rise in environmental temperature, with every 5 K increase in environmental temperature resulting in a 1.01 % rise in the battery's maximum temperature.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are revolutionizing a spectrum of industries, from groundbreaking gas storage solutions to transformative biological system applications. The intricate architecture of these materials necessitates the use of advanced computational techniques for a comprehensive understanding of their molecular structure and prediction of their physical properties. Coarse-grained (CG) simulations shine a spotlight on the often-neglected influences of defects, pressure effects, and spatial disorders on the performance of MOFs. These simulations are not just beneficial but indispensable for high-demand applications, such as mixed matrix membranes and intricate biological system interfaces. In this work, we propose an optimized CG force field tailored for ZIF-8. Our work provides a deep dive into sorption isotherms and diffusion coefficients of small molecules. We demonstrate the structural dynamics of ZIF-8, particularly how it responds to pressurization, which affects its crystal structure and leads to local changes in aperture size and area. Emphasizing the game-changing potential of CG simulations, we explore the characteristics of amorphization in ZIF-8. Through computational exploration, we aim to bridge the knowledge gap, enhancing the potential applications of nanoporous materials for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival rate of children admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth is on the increase; hence, proper evaluation and care of their neurodevelopment has become an important issue. Neurodevelopmental assessments of individual domains regarding motor, language, cognition, and sensory perception are crucial in planning prompt interventions for neonates requiring immediate support and rehabilitation treatment. These assessments are essential for identifying areas of weakness and designing targeted interventions to improve future functional outcomes and the quality of lives for both the infants and their families. However, initial stratification of risk to select those who are in danger of neurodevelopmental disorders is also important in terms of cost-effectiveness. Efficient and robust functional evaluations to recognize early signs of developmental disorders will help NICU graduates receive interventions and enhance functional capabilities if needed. Several age-dependent, domain-specific neurodevelopmental assessment tools are available; therefore, this review summarizes the characteristics of these tools and aims to develop multidimensional, standardized, and regular follow-up plans for NICU graduates in Korea.

This study aimed to determine whether filtering out walking-related actigraphy data improves the reliability and accuracy of real-world upper extremity activity assessment in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Twenty-two children aged 4-12 years diagnosed with unilateral cerebral palsy were included in this study, which was drawn from a two-phase randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2021 to December 2022. Data were collected from a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Participants were monitored using tri-axial accelerometers on both wrists across three time points (namely, T0, T1, and T2) over 3 days; interventions were used between each time point. Concurrently, an in-laboratory study focusing on walking and bimanual tasks was conducted with four participants. Data filtration resulted in a reduction of 8.20% in total data entry. With respect to reliability assessment, the intra-class correlation coefficients indicated enhanced consistency after filtration, with increased values for both the affected and less-affected sides. Before filtration, the magnitude counts for both sides showed varying tendencies, depending on the time points; however, they presented a consistent and stable trend after filtration. The findings of this research underscore the importance of accurately interpreting actigraphy measurements in children with unilateral cerebral palsy for targeted upper limb intervention by filtering walking-induced data.

Against the backdrop of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality,” the hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle industry are rapidly developing. Within the on-board hydrogen supply system, the hydrogen circulation pump serves as an essential component of the hydrogen fuel cell system. The spiral disk, as a core part of the hydrogen fuel cell system’s vortex hydrogen circulation pump (VHCP), plays a crucial role in determining the performance of the hydrogen circulation system in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. To meet the requirements for high-performance and high-reliability development of the hydrogen circulation pump, the VHCP scheme is adopted as the choice for the hydrogen pump solution. Through the magnetic suspension and no connection shaft structural design, the feasibility of applying the high speed and high flow hydrogen turbine was initially validated. Utilizing Fluent analysis software and high precision performance test bench, a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical simulation of the turbine design under various operating conditions was conducted and performance test verification, demonstrating that the performance meets the required specifications. By conducting research in both strength optimization design and performance requirement, two major technical challenges in turbine pump application were overcome. Combined with the experimental results of the turbine medium, it is concluded that the vortex pump can meet the flow and pressure rise under the premise of low power consumption in the hydrogen circulation system so as to perfectly increase the hydrogen return amount. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed for the future development direction of hydrogen supply systems in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus (ES), which our research group had confirmed inhibits influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, was investigated to identify new potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV–1) replication. To clarify the optimal condition for ES extract (ESE), ES was extracted at different concentrations of 0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%, to screen for its anti-HSV–1 effect. Among these ESE samples, ESE50 (50% concentration) exhibited the strongest inhibition of HSV–1 replication (EC50 23.2 μg/mL) while showing low cytotoxicity on host cells (IC50 342.8 μg/mL). The treatment of ESE50 clearly demonstrated a decrease in the expression of ICP0 in the lungs of HSV–1-infected BALB/c nude mice, compared to the MOCK group. Geraniin, which was isolated from ESE50 and analyzed using ESI−MS and 1D−(1H− and 13C−) and 2D−NMR, showed greater potency in inhibiting HSV–1 replication, as determined by the plaque reduction assay (EC50 8.3 μg/mL) and luciferase inhibition (EC50 36.9 μg/mL). The results demonstrate that ESE50 and geraniin show great potential as candidates for new drug discovery in the treatment of HSV–1 and related diseases.

Cnidium monnieri fructus is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for treating female genital disorders, male impotence, frigidity, and skin-related conditions in East Asia. However, the role of C. monnieri fructus extract (CMFE) in melanin synthesis is not well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the anti-melanogenesis effect and mechanism of action of CMFE in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells treated with various concentrations of CMFE (0.5–5 μg/mL). mRNA and protein levels of tyrosinase and MITF were evaluated using qRT-PCR and ting. CMFE’s effect on the proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase was confirmed using a proteasomal degradation inhibitor, MG132. CMFE treatment activated p38, a protein associated with proteasomal degradation. Treatment with CMFE at up to 5 μg/mL showed no significant cytotoxicity. CMFE significantly reduced α-MSH-stimulated melanin production (43.29 ± 3.55% decrease, p < 0.05) and cellular tyrosinase activity (31.14 ± 3.15% decrease, p < 0.05). Although mRNA levels of MITF and tyrosinase increased, CMFE suppressed tyrosinase protein levels. The suppressive effect of CMFE on tyrosinase protein was blocked by MG132. CMFE inhibited melanogenesis by promoting the proteasome degradation of tyrosinase through p38 activation. These findings suggest that CMFE has the potential to be a natural whitening agent for inhibiting melanogenesis.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing globally due to behavioral and environmental changes. There are many therapeutic agents available for the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, but the data on their efficacy and safety are lacking. Through a pilot study by our group, Zingiber officinale rhizomes used as a spice and functional food were selected as an anti-obesity candidate. In this study, steam-processed ginger extract (GGE) was used and we compared its efficacy at alleviating metabolic syndrome-related symptoms with that of conventional ginger extract (GE). Compared with GE, GGE (25–100 μg/mL) had an increased antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. GGE was better at suppressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and promoting glucose utilization in C2C12 cells than GE. In 16-week high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice, GGE (100 and 200 mg/kg) improved biochemical profiles, including lipid status and liver function, to a greater extent than GE (200 mg/kg). The supplementation of HFD-fed mice with GGE (200 mg/kg) resulted in the downregulation of SREBP-1c and FAS gene expression in the liver. Collectively, our results indicate that GGE is a promising therapeutic for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Herein, we describe the case of a 43-month-old girl who presented with clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP), classified as the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) V. The patient had no family history of neurological or perinatal disorders. Despite early rehabilitation, serial assessments using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) showed no significant improvements in gross motor function. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed nonspecific findings that could not account for developmental delay or dystonia. Whole-genome sequencing identified a heterozygous NM_002074.5(GNB1):c.239T>C (p.Ile80Thr) mutation in guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta 1 (GNB1) gene. Considering this case and previous studies, genetic testing for the etiology of dyskinetic CP is recommended for children without relevant or with nonspecific brain lesions.

Abstract Background Primaquine is activated by CYP2D6 in the hepatocytes. In Korea, primaquine is the only hypnozoitocidal agent used for patients with vivax malaria. Thus, patients with poor CYP2D6 activity could have an increased risk of primaquine failure and subsequent relapse. The study sought to identify the association between CYP2D6 phenotype and recurrence of malaria in Korean patients. Methods A total of 102 patients with vivax malaria were prospectively enrolled from eight institutions in Korea. An additional 38 blood samples from patients with recurred vivax malaria were provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Malaria recurrence was defined as more than one episode of vivax malaria in the same or consecutive years. CYP2D6 star alleles, phenotypes, and activity scores were examined. Results Genotyping for CYP2D6 was successful in 101 of the prospectively enrolled patients and 38 samples from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, of which 91 were included in the no-recurrence group and 48 were included in the recurrence group. Reduced CYP2D6 activity (intermediate metabolizer) phenotype was more common in the recurrence group than in the no-recurrence group (OR, 2.33 (95% CI, 1.14–4.77); p = 0.02). Patients with lower CYP2D6 activity had a higher probability of recurrence (p = 0.029). Conclusion This study suggests that CYP2D6 polymorphism may affect primaquine efficacy and thus Plasmodium vivax recurrence in Korea.

The fast refueling of compressed hydrogen has an important influence on the efficiency and safety of the filling process. Precision measurements of the thermodynamic characteristics of hydrogen under the filling process are becoming more important as hydrogen energy is developed and used. One of the key elements of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder (HSC). Due to the compression of the hydrogen during filling, there could be a fast increase in temperature. The tank's maximum temperature and maximum fueling pressure are both restricted to less than 358.15 K and 125% of the tank's design pressure for safety reasons. This study revealed the hydrogen temperature rise during refueling and developed a theoretical model for computing the temperature rise in the HSC during the high-pressure refueling procedure. The HSC filling procedure was examined using a theoretical approach. Also, the relationship between the refueling procedure and the temperature change of hydrogen in the type IV tank was investigated. The temperature evolution mechanism of various HSCs was explained, and predictions were made for the minimum precooling temperature needed for hydrogen under various filling scenarios. The results of the theoretical analysis gave a theoretical foundation to the present method for controlling the hydrogen temperature of the gas source in the hydrogenation station, which then enables us to determine the optimum amount of energy needed for cooling hydrogen in the hydrogen refueling station.

With the development of the hydrogen fuel automobile industry, higher requirements are put forward for the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure, the matching of parameters and the control strategy of hydrogen filling rate in the hydrogen charging process of hydrogen refueling stations. At present, the technological difficulty of hydrogen fueling is mainly reflected in the balanced treatment of reducing the temperature rise of hydrogen and shortening the filling time during the fast filling process. Vehicle hydrogen storage cylinder (VHSC) is one of the important components of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. This study proposed a theoretical model for calculating the temperature rise in the VHSC during the high pressure refueling process, and revealed the hydrogen temperature rise during refueling. A hydrogen temperature rise prediction model was constructed to elucidate the relationship between filling parameters and temperature rise. The filling process of VHSC was analyzed from the theoretical method. The theoretical analysis results were consistent with the simulation and experimental analysis results, which provided a theoretical basis for the current hydrogen temperature control algorithm of the gas source in the hydrogen refueling station, and then reduced the energy consumption required for hydrogen cooling in the hydrogen refueling station.

Background: Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related fatalities. This prompted our exploration into the anti-lung cancer efficacy of Labisia pumila, a species meticulously selected from the preliminary screening of 600 plants. Methods: Through the strategic implementation of activity-guided fractionation, ardisiacrispin A (1) was isolated utilizing sequential column chromatography. Structural characterization was achieved employing various spectroscopic methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Results: L. pumila 70% EtOH extract showed significant toxicity in A549 lung cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 57.04 ± 10.28 µg/mL, as well as decreased expression of oncogenes and induced apoptosis. Compound 1, ardisiacrispin A, induced a 50% cell death response in A549 cells at a concentration of 11.94 ± 1.14 µg/mL. Conclusions: The present study successfully investigated ardisiacrispin A extracted from L. pumila leaves, employing a comprehensive spectroscopic approach encompassing NMR, IR, and MS analyses. The anti-lung cancer efficacy of ardisiacrispin A and L. pumila extract was successfully demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.

Brain insulin receptor signaling is strongly implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic physiological regulation. In particular, we recently demonstrated that insulin receptors within the subfornical organ (SFO) play a tonic role in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation in mice. The SFO is a forebrain sensory circumventricular organ that regulates cardiometabolic homeostasis due to its direct exposure to the circulation and thus its ability to sense circulating factors, such as insulin. Previous work has demonstrated broad distribution of insulin receptor-expressing cells throughout the entire SFO, indirectly indicating insulin receptor expression in multiple cell types. Based on this, we sought to determine the cellular phenotypes that express insulin receptors within the SFO by combining immunohistochemistry with genetically modified reporter mouse models. Interestingly, SFO neurons, including both excitatory and inhibitory types, were the dominant cell site for insulin receptor expression, although a weak degree of insulin receptor expression was also detected in astrocytes. Moreover, SFO angiotensin type 1a receptor neurons also expressed insulin receptors. Collectively, these anatomical findings indicate the existence of potentially complex cellular networks within the SFO through which insulin signaling can influence physiology and further point to the SFO as a possible brain site for crosstalk between angiotensin-II and insulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elucidate the role of tri-axial accelerometers in assessing therapeutic interventions, specifically constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). The primary focus was understanding the correlation between the actigraphy metrics recorded during CIMT sessions and the resultant therapeutic outcomes. Children with UCP, aged between 4 and 12 years, participated in this study from July 2021 to December 2022. In conjunction with in-clinic sessions, during which participants wore tri-axial accelerometers on both limbs, we analyzed actigraphy data over three days of routine activities pre- and post-CIMT. While not all metrics derived from the accelerometers indicated significant improvements post-intervention, there was a clear trend towards a more balanced usage of both limbs, particularly evident in Axis 3, associated with vertical movement (p = 0.017). Additionally, a discernible correlation was observed between changes in the magnitude ratio derived from actigraphy data during CIMT (Δweek3–week1) and variations in traditional assessments pre- and post-intervention (ΔT0–T1), specifically the Assisting Hand Assessment grasp and release. Using tri-axial accelerometers has helped clarify the potential impacts of CIMT on children with UCP. The preliminary results suggest a possible link between actigraphy metrics taken during CIMT and the subsequent therapeutic outcomes determined by standardized tests.

With the development of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile industry, higher requirements are put forward for the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure, the matching of parameters and the control strategy of hydrogen filling rate in the hydrogenation process of hydrogenation station. Fuel for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles comes from hydrogen refueling stations. At present, the technological difficulty of hydrogenation is mainly reflected in the balanced treatment of reducing the temperature rise of hydrogen and shortening the filling time during the fast filling process. The Joule-Thomson (JT) effect occurs when high-pressure hydrogen gas passes through the valve assembly, which may lead to an increase in hydrogen temperature. The JT effect is generally reflected by the JT coefficient. According to the high pressure hydrogen in the pressure reducing valve, the corresponding JT coefficients were calculated by using the VDW equation, RK equation, SRK equation and PR equation, and the expression of JT effect temperature rise was deduced, which revealed the hydrogen temperature variation law in the process of reducing pressure. Make clear the relationship between charging parameters and temperature rise in the process of decompression; the flow and thermal characteristics of hydrogen in the process of decompression are revealed. This study provides basic support for experts to achieve throttling optimization of related pressure control system in hydrogen industry.

Abstract Neonatal jaundice is a very common disease in newborns and can lead to brain damage or death in severe cases. Phototherapy with light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays is widely used as the easiest and fastest way to relieve jaundice in newborns, but it has distinct disadvantages such as loss of water in the patient, damage to the retina, and separation from parents. In this paper, a novel light source‐based phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is proposed using a textile‐based wearable organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) platform that can move flexibly and conform to the curvature of the human body. The soft and flexible textile‐based blue OLED platform is designed to have a peak wavelength of 470 nm, suitable for jaundice treatment, and shows performance (>20 µW cm−2 nm−1) suitable for intensive jaundice treatment even at low voltage (

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between motor capacity and motor performance in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 6–12 years with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III. Methods: Forty-six children with CP (24 boys and 22 girls) classified as GMFCS levels Ⅰ, Ⅱ, or Ⅲ were included. Motor capacity was measured by the Gross motor function measure (GMFM), Pediatric balance scale (PBS), Timed up and go (TUG), and 6-min walk test (6MWT). Motor performance was measured by triaxial accelerometers. Estimations of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) (kcal/kg/day), percentage of time spent on physical activity (% sedentary physical activity; %SPA; % light physical activity, %LPA; % moderate physical activity, %MPA; % vigorous physical activity %VPA; and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, %MVPA), and activity counts (counts/minute) were obtained. Results: Children with GMFCS level I showed a significantly higher motor capacity (GMFM-66, GMFM-88, D-dimension and E-dimension, PBS and 6MWT) than those with level II or III. Children with GMFCS level II and/or III had significantly lower physical activity (PAEE, % MPA, % VPA, %MVPA, and activity counts) than children with GMFCS level I. Multiple linear regression analysis (dependent variable, GMFM-66) showed that %MVPA was positively associated with GMFM-66 in the GMFCS level II & III children but not in GMFCS level I children. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of increasing %MVPA in children with CP, especially GMFCS levels II and III.

Objective To investigate the effect of sensory-based feeding treatment for toddlers with food refusal compared with only providing nutrition education. Methods Thirty-two toddlers with food refusal were randomly assigned to an intervention group or the control group. Toddlers in the intervention group received the sensory-based feeding intervention and the duration was for 1 hour for 5 days per week for 4 weeks, and then 1 hour, once a week for 8 weeks. Subjects in both the intervention and control groups received nutritional education once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The participants were evaluated at their entry into the study and 12 weeks later based on height, weight, behavior at mealtime using the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS), and sensory processing ability using the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile. Results Sixteen toddlers were included in each group. Two subjects in the intervention group and four toddlers in the control group were excluded from the final analysis. Significant improvements in child or parent subscales of the BPFAS were observed in the intervention group. In contrast, there were no significant improvements in any BPFAS scores in the control group. Conclusion Sensory-based feeding intervention was effective for improving mealtime behavior in toddlers with food refusal. Therefore, a sensory-based feeding intervention could be considered as an intervention approach to address feeding disorders in toddlers.

Monkeypox (MPX) was first reported in 1970 in humans and outbreaks were restricted and highly localised to endemic regions of western and central Africa. However, after the first reported case in the UK in early May, 2022, the pattern of epidemic spreading in the geographical regions was much larger compared to past, posing a risk MPX might become entrenched beyond endemic areas. This virus is less transmissible than SARS-CoV-2, as it transmitted mainly through personal, close, often skin-to-skin contact with infectious MPX rash, body fluids, or scabs from an individual with MPX. Infections usually present with chills, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, skin lesions, and lymphadenopathy. Currently, there are no antivirals approved for MPX. However, an antiviral drug called “tecovirimat,” approved for the treatment of smallpox, has been made accessible to treat MPX. Moreover, to prevent MPX, there are two vaccines available which are approved by FDA: Bavarian Nordic JYNNEOS, and ACAM2000 vaccine. Contact tracing is absent in case of MPX outbreak and there is lack of information from the data systems in rapid manner. Additionally, test capacity needs to be increased. Like SARS-CoV-2, global MPX outbreak demand for vaccines far exceeds availability.

Hydrogen as fuel has been considered as a feasible energy carry and which offers a clean and efficient alternative for transportation. During the high pressure filling, the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank (HST) may rise rapidly due to the hydrogen compression. The high temperature may lead to safety problem. Thus, for fast and safely refueling the hydrogen, several key factors need to be considered. In the present study, by the thermodynamics theories, a mathematical model is established to simulate and analyze the high pressure filling process of the storage tank for the hydrogen station. In the analysis, the physical parameters of normal hydrogen are introduced to make the simulation close to the actual process. By the numerical simulation for 50 MPa compressed hydrogen tank, the temperature and pressure trends during filling are obtained. The simulation results for non-adiabatic filling were compared with the theoretically calculated ones for adiabatic conditions and the simulation results for non-adiabatic filling were compared with the simulation ones for adiabatic conditions. Then, the influence of working pressure, initial temperature, mass flow rate, initial pressure and inlet temperature on the temperature rise were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical research basis for high pressure hydrogen energy storage and hydrogenation technology.