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Background: Midlife is a transitional period in the lives of men, with middle-aged men experiencing various changes that may lead to an impairment of their quality of life (QOL). Middle-aged men tend to rely on alcohol to overcome stress due to various changes they undergo. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between alcohol consumption and QOL in middle-aged men and identify the factors affecting their QOL. Materials and Methods: This paper presents a secondary data analysis of raw data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. This study was conducted on men aged 40 - 64 consuming alcohol over the past 12 months. A total of 992 participants was selected for analysis. The research objects were alcohol consumption and QOL, measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and European QOL-5 Dimensions, respectively. Data analysis was performed by SPSS/WIN v25.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Among the general characteristics, significant differences in QOL were observed by age, education, marital status, economic activity, and income. Among the lifestyle and mental health variables, significant differences in QOL were observed by sleep status, exercise, smoking, subjective health, happiness, stress, and suicidal ideation. The factors affecting QOL were suicidal ideation, sleep status, income, economic activity, subjective health, and stress in order of importance. The regression analysis revealed that alcohol consumption did not affect QOL. Conclusions: Quality of life is influenced by various aspects of life, such as the psychological dimension (e.g., stress and suicidal ideation), physical dimension (e.g., sleep status and subjective health), and social dimension (e.g., income and economic activity). Therefore, developing and implementing integrated interventions considering these multidimensional factors is necessary.

Purpose Nursing students must cope in a complex and uncertain society. We identified the relationship between resilience and intolerance of uncertainty (IOU) in nursing students. Methods Data were collected from November 10 to 20, 2016, from 134 Korean nursing students (male = 21, female = 113; first-year = 39, second-year = 39, third-year = 35, and fourth-year = 21), using a questionnaire. The measures in this study included resilience and IOU. Results Differences in IOU relating to participants' general characteristics showed that IOU was high when the major satisfaction was rated as "middle" rather than "high." Participants' IOU was significantly negatively correlated with the following resilience subdomains: self-regulation skills, interpersonal skills, and positive tendencies. In particular, higher positive tendencies led to lower levels of IOU. Conclusion It is vital to devise strategies to advance nursing students' satisfaction toward their major and positive tendencies to reduce the level of IOU. This will prepare nursing students for various programs and improve their outcomes at school.

Background: Toinvestigatethe associationsbetweenresilience, social support, and meaning in lifeduringmidlife and the factors related to meaning in life.Methods:In this cross-sectionalstudy conducted from May 22 to June 21, 2019, 159 South Koreans aged40–64years were surveyed about resilience, social support, meaning in life, and personal characteristics.Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, bivariate Pearson’s correlations, and multiple regressionanalyses were performed.Conclusion: The difference in resilience according to general characteristics showed significant differencesin age, educational attainment, religious affiliation, and health status.Differencesin social support weresignificantly correlated to gender, social class, and health status. Meaning in life varied significantly accordingto differences in religious affiliation, social class, and health status. Resilience, social support, and meaningin life were significantly correlated. In the multiple regression model, resilience, social support, and selfratedhealth statussignificantly influencedmeaning in life. Strengthening resilience andsocial supportduringmidlife mightincrease meaning in life, in turn,positively influencing thequality of life inold age.

This study aimed to compare perception of job importance, job performance, and job difficulty between clinical dietitians working at small and medium hospitals in Busan. The survey was conducted from July 15 to August 31, 2014, and data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The mean scores for perception of job importance, job performance, and job difficulty of clinical dietitian’s task elements were 3.88, 2.87, and 3.18 out of 5.0, respectively. Perception of job importance had a positive relationship with job performance. However, job performance showed a negative relationship with job difficulty. There were strong positive rela-tionships among nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, nutrition monitoring & evalua-tion, nutrition research in perception of job importance (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Nutrition assessment, nutrition diag-nosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition research showed positive relationships with job performance (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). There was also a positive relationship among clinical dietitian’s task with job difficulty (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). These results suggest that it would be effective to adopt training programs for appropriate nutrition service and to provide continuous education programs for professional development.Key words : clinical dietitian, job importance, job performance, job difficulty, job description

In recent years, consumers have become more interested in convenient lifestyles, leading to increased use of salted cabbages for preparation of kimchi. This study aimed to investigate the safety of heavy metals, pesticide residues, and foodborne pathogens in commercial salted cabbages in Seoul from August to November, 2014. The survey, which was conducted to determine whether or not salted cabbages were prepared under the highest sanitary conditions, showed that Seoulites are interested in purchasing hygienic and safe salted cabbages. The average amounts (range) of Pb and Cd found in 30 salted cabbage samples were 0.007 (0.000~0.063) mg/kg and 0.004 (0.000~0.012) mg/kg, respectively. The cabbages were analyzed for residues from 285 types of pesticides using the multiresidue method. Residues for pesticides were not detected. Major foodborne pathogens, specifically Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Norovirus, were also not detected.

The purpose of this study was to survey concentrations of bisphenols in canned foods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to estimate the dietary exposure to bisphenols, and to assess the related risk for the Korean population from the intake of canned foods. The linearity of bisphenols in the range of 2.5 to 725 μg/L was satisfactory with correlation coefficients ( r2) of 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.14 to 5.85 μg/L, and the limit of quantitation was 0.44 to 17.73 μg/L. Sample recoveries were 70.56 to 113.6%, with relative standard deviations below 10% for spiking levels of 50 and 250 μg/kg (15 and 75 μg/kg for BPS). The bisphenol concentrations in 104 canned foods ranged from undetectable to 1,525 μg/kg. The estimated mean daily intake of bisphenols was 0.54 to 78.69 ng/kg of body weight per day, and the 95th percentile daily intake was 1.92 to 134 ng/kg of body weight per day. Therefore, the intake of bisphenols from canned foods for the population in Korea is unlikely to cause human health problems. The analytical methods used are suitable for regular monitoring and assessment of human exposure to bisphenols from foods.

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on cognitive function in elderly people above 65 years of age. Methods : The data were collected from June 1 to August 30 2014. Data were collected by questionnaire from 994 elderly people. The instruments for this study were ADL, IADL, depression, MMSE-DS. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results : The significant factors influencing MMSE-DS were education(, p, p, p, p=.004), economic conditions(, p=.007), depression(, p=.001), income(, p=.003), sleep time(, p=.001), medical insurance(, p=.024) and leisure(, p=.039). Conclusions : Based on the study, subjects with cognitive impairment detected at an early stage it is necessary to intervene in consideration of the individual characteristics and to develop and apply the program that improve the living habits such as exercise and sleep, and decreasing depression.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of persimmon juice and hibiscus flowers extract to per- form combination dyeing of silk fabrics, with respect to color changes, fastness, and functionality. The optimal conditions as a result, were shown at 100% of dye concentration, 40 o C of dyeing temperature and 30 minutes of dyeing time while in terms of dye uptake depending on the kind of mordants and methods. The highest K/S value was recorded at pH 3, pre-mordants of CuSO4, and SnCl2, post-mordanting. After repeated dyeing and post-mordanting, various color change occurred with mordant treatments. Color fastness of dyed fabrics with hibiscus flowers extract was improve considerably by combination dyeing with persimmon juice extract. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 99% deodorization rate, 99.9% Staphylococcus aureus rate and 99.9% Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the life satisfaction of the mentally ill people in mental care facilities. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire form 215 mentally ill people in mental care facilities from July 1 to 28, 2014. The instruments for this study were depression, self-esteem, social support, insight and life satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchial multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. According to results, the significant factors influencing life satisfaction were social support (β=.518, p=.000), go out (β=.155, p=.001), self-esteem (β=.155, p=.013), depression (β=-.147, p=.015), gender (β=-.125, p=.011). The study reveals that it is necessary to develop a program that increases social support and self-esteem and decreases depression. Key Words : Depression, Self-esteem, Social support, Insight, Life satisfaction, Convergence

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an evaluation tool of educational apps for smart education. Based on literature reviews, a potential model for evaluating educational apps was suggested. An evaluation tool consisting of 57 survey items was delivered to 156 students in middle and high schools. An exploratory factor analysis was then used to ascertain the importance of the criteria. Four exploratory constructs and eight subfactors were extracted from the data collected: Factor I was labeled as “Teaching & Learning,” Factor II, “Screen Design,” Factor III, “Technology,” and Factor IV, “Economy & Ethics.” Each factor has two subfactors, respectively. Reliability estimates using Cronbach’s alpha indicated that the evaluation tool had good internal consistency. The overall results of the analyses suggest that this evaluation tool is highly instrumental for evaluating educational apps.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the spiritual well-being of mentally disabled residents of institutions. The data were collected from July 1 to 25 in 2014. Data were collected by questionnaire from 145 mentally disabled residents of institutions. The instruments for this study were social support, self-esteem, depression, insight, spiritual well-being. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson`s correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. According to results, the degree of social support, self-esteem, insight and spiritual well-being was higher than and depression was lower. The significant factors influencing spiritual well-being were depression (${\beta}

The aim of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in 2,877 market vegetables in the northernarea of Seoul in 2013. Pesticide residues in the samples were analysed by multiresidue method for 285 pesticides usingGC-ECD/NPD and HPLC-DAD/FLD. 385 samples(13.4%) were detected with pesticide residues at or below MRL,and 15 samples(0.5%) were found to detect pesticide residues exceeding MRL. The most frequently detected sampleswere sedum(63.6%), chamnamul(45.8%), leek(44.5%) and green&red pepper(30.8%). Among the 15 violated sam-ples, leek(5 cases) and welsh onion(4 cases) showed the highest violation rate. A total of 74 samples(18.5%) containedmultiple pesticide residues in one vegetable. Procymidone, chlorofenapyr and cypermethrin were the pesticide mostfrequently found. As a tool of risk assessment through the consumption of pesticide detectable agricultural products,the ratio of estimated daily intake (EDI) to acceptable daily intake (ADI) was calculated into the range of1.05~28.61%. The results have meant that there was no health risk through dieting commercial agricultural productsdetected with pesticide residues. Key words : pesticide residues, agricultural products, risk assessment, %ADI

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability of silk fabrics with Humulus japonicus (Hwansam) extract which is a kind of weeds that grows wild in the suburbs. In the research, the general extract method was conducted with the extract from fresh herb of root-removed Humulus japonicus while we investigated the optimal dyeing conditions and dyeability depending on the changes of the kind of mordants, methods and temperature. The functional properties such as antibacterial activities, deodorization and UV protection were also reviewed. The ideal output, as a result, was shown at 100% of dye concentration, 90℃ of dyeing temperature and 40 minutes of dyeing time while in terms of dye uptake depending on the kind of mordants and methods, it was found that among four mordants of SnCl2, AlK(SO4)2, CuSO4, and FeSO4 post-mordanting with FeSO4 showed the best result. Color fastness to washing, dry cleaning and rubbing was found strong at grade 4-5 and the grade to light was as good as 3 while to perspiration was good at 4-5 as well. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 99% deodorization rate, 98% UV protection rate and 99.9% bacterial reduction against Staphylococcus aureus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the food service status of community child care centers in Busan. A survey was conducted from November 1, 2012 to November 30, 2012 using questionnaires. Overall, 66.7% of the community child care centers had a separate dining room. The satisfaction score of the kitchen facility was 4.32 and the satisfaction degree of the dining place was 3.95. Most of the community child care centers were not managed by professionals and the food service was in a relatively poor status. In 61.3% of the community child care centers, the director of the center purchased the foodstuffs. In addition, approximately 72% of the child care centers directly purchased foodstuffs. When preparing meals, nutrition (73.0%), cost (13.5%), and preference (4.5%) were considered as the important factors for respondents. Overall, there were demands for increasing meal costs and improving the food service facilities. In addition, a higher degree of hygiene management resulted in a higher degree of satisfaction from children. Therefore, to improve food service performance at community child care centers, food services should be assisted by professionals and the person in charge of foodservices should be educated food service management.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program on the cognition, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior of elderly with dementia. The research design was a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental study where 43 subjects were divided into two groups. Aromatherapy and foot reflex massage was administered to the experimental group (N=21), and no treatment was administered to the control group (N=22). The data was analyzed using the χ2-test, t-test, while the repeated measures of ANOVA were utilized with the SPSS/Win 18.0 program. The experimental group did not show significant differences in cognitive function; however, it showed significant differences in anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior in relation to the control group. Thus this research suggests aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program as nursing intervention to improve the quality of life of elderly with dementia. Key Words : Aromatherapy, Foot reflex, Massage, Cognition, Anxiety

This paper is a methodological research aimed at developing a mental disorder recovery scale (MDRS) and testing its validity and reliability. After three sessions of factor analysis, a total of three factors using an Eigen value of 1.0 or more were drawn. The explanatory power was found to be 58.1%. All the items met the criteria for communality and factor loading with no item removed, and, ultimately, 25 items were selected. Criterion-related validity test showed that Pearson`s correlation coefficient was significant at .71 (p coefficient was .95 and that Cronbach`s coefficient for each factor ranged from .87 to .93. MDRS, which was developed in this study and possessing 3 factors and 25 items, had both its validity and reliability confirmed; therefore, the developed scale would be useful to evaluate the recovery of individuals with mental disorder.

This study was carried out to investigate the perception, preference and usage of Korean festival foods of women according to age in Busan. The survey was conducted from October 15, 2012 to November 30, 2012 using questionnaires and the data were analyzed with the SPSS program. In general, younger women (20~30 years old) had a lower interest in Korean festival foods than slightly older women (40~50 years old). Most of women over 40 years of age prepared Korean festival foods at home, but many who were in their 20`s (45.9%) and 30`s (41.1%) obtained their foods from family and relatives. Overall, 62.5% of the subjects wanted to inherit Korean festival food from family and relatives. The dissemination of information and recipes of Korean festival foods were needed for succeeding to Korean festival foods. The taste score was significantly lower for women in their 20`s compared to those over 40. Women under 40 reported a lower ease of cooking compared to women over 50. Tangguk (4.93) on Seollal showed the highest perception degree in the order of Namul (4.91), Tteokguk (4.90), and Sikhye (4.90). Jeon, Yaksik, Sikhye, and Gangjeong were the most highly preferred in every group. The preference degree of Pajeon was significantly higher in women under 40 than in those over 60. Tteokguk and Tangguk were more highly preferred in women in their 30`s and 40`s compared to the other groups. There was a significant positive correlation between preference for festival food and education level, degree of knowledge, degree of interest, will for inheritance, and will for learning (P