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Objective: Measure and characterize the fruit and vegetable waste generated duringa working day in a commercial juice and fruit cocktail establishment in Pachuca,Hidalgo, Mexico, for four weeks.Design/ methodology/ approach: The total amount of fruit waste generated duringa working day in a commercial juice and smoothie establishment in Pachuca,Hidalgo, Mexico, was collected Monday through Saturday for four weeks inSeptember and October 2019. Waste was weighted and separated daily into thedifferent types of fruit. We then analyzed their dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP),and ash (Ash) content. The experimental design was completely randomized.Results: The amount of fruit and vegetable waste was constant during the fourcollection weeks; the total amount of waste collected was 465 kg; orange peel wasthe most abundant waste (75%). The moisture content ranged from 75 to 94% basedon the type of fruit. The CP concentration ranged from 4.33 to 6.95%, except for thepapaya peel, which had a CP content of 11.55%.Limitations/ implications: An alternative to avoid landfilling this type of organicwaste is to subject it to a silage-making process; this would reduce negative 2environmental impacts, generate value-added products, and reduce the pressure onnatural resources.Findings/ conclusions: The amount of fruit and vegetable waste produced everyweek was constant for four weeks. Although their dry matter content is low, thesewastes, mixed with cereal straw and subjected to a silage-making process, can resultin value-added products, and avoid landfilling.

To evaluate the productive and behavioral response of pair-housed nursing Holstein calves, 30 calves from one week of age until weaning (8 weeks of age) were used and randomly distributed in two treatments: treatment 1 pair-housed calf (T1, n=10); treatment 2 single-housed calves (T2, n=10). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between treatments in initial weight (IW, T1=38.18 vs. T2=39.58, evidencing homogeneous groups) and total dry matter consumption (TDMC, T1=56.84 vs. T2=56.85, kg). However, calves housed in pairs (T1) showed significantly better results in final weight (FW, T1=75.28 vs. T2=65.74, kg), total weight gain TWG, T1=37.10 vs. T2=26. 16, kg), daily weight gain (DWG, T1=0.66 vs. T2=0.46, kg) and feed conversion (FC, T1=1.53 vs. T2=2.17), compared to individually housed calves. It concluded that paired calves showed greater productive response and lower frequency of stress-indicative behaviors compared with individually housed calves.

The use of progestogens can contaminate the environment and animal tissue. Therefore, the use of prostaglandins F 2 α (PGF 2 α ) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) may represent a viable alternative. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of applying a dose of GnRH within the range of application of two doses of PGF 2 α , and compare it with protocols based on progestogens and PGF 2 α , commonly used in the synchronization of estrus, with respect to the pre-ovulatory peak of luteinizing hormone (LH), post-estrus progesterone concentrations, pregnancy rate, calving and prolificacy. After a pre-synchronization with a double application of PGF 2 α , 30 multiparous adult ewes (live weight = 45 ± 3.1 kg, body condition = 3.2 ± 0.5 units and postpartum time = 60 d to 90 d, they were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 10). The ewes in Group 1: P (Control) received a single dose of 125 μ g of cloprostenol via IM (intramuscular); the ewes in Group 2: FP received intravaginal sponges containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate for 5 d; and upon removal of the sponge, they were injected with 125 μ g of cloprostenol via IM; the ewes in Group 3: GP received 50 μ g of GnRH IM; and 7 d later, they were injected with 125 μ g of cloprostenol. The onset of estrus was detected faster (P ≤ 0.05) in P and GP groups than in the FP group. The GP group (P ≤ 0.05) had higher concentrations of progesterone after 5 d post-estrus, compared to the P and FP groups. The pregnancy rate was not different (P > 0.05) between groups. All the synchronization protocols evaluated were similar in the effectiveness to improve the reproductive behavior in hair sheep. Therefore, the use of protocols based on the application of PGF 2 α is recommended due to their ease of application.

"Para determinar el efecto de la disminución de dosis administrada en esponjas intravaginales partidas, impregnadas de acetato de fluorogestona (FGA) sobre las principales variables reproductivas, concentraciones de hormona luteinizante (LH) y progesterona (P4) se asignaron al azar 44 ovejas a cuatro tratamientos: en grupos de 11 ovejas, I: testigo con esponja completa, 40 mg FGA; II: con media esponja, 20 mg; III: un cuarto de esponja 10 mg; IV: un octavo de esponja, 5 mg de FGA. Las esponjas permanecieron por 12 días, todos los grupos recibieron 10 d después una dosis de 15 mg de prostaglandinas F2a (PGF2a). Los resultados fueron analizados mediante el paquete estadístico SAS. No se encontraron diferencias (P>0,05) en la presentación e inicio del estro entre los grupos. El pico pre-ovulatorio de LH, sólo fue diferente en su amplitud (P0,05). El porcentaje de gestación fue menor (P