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Despite the availability of effective vaccines against COVID-19, booster vaccinations are needed to maintain vaccine-induced protection against variant strains and breakthrough infections. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Janssen) as primary vaccination plus a booster dose.ENSEMBLE2 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial including crossover vaccination after emergency authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines. Adults aged at least 18 years without previous COVID-19 vaccination at public and private medical practices and hospitals in Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, France, Germany, the Philippines, South Africa, Spain, the UK, and the USA were randomly assigned 1:1 via a computer algorithm to receive intramuscularly administered Ad26.COV2.S as a primary dose plus a booster dose at 2 months or two placebo injections 2 months apart. The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy against the first occurrence of molecularly confirmed moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 with onset at least 14 days after booster vaccination, which was assessed in participants who received two doses of vaccine or placebo, were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR at baseline and on serology at baseline and day 71, had no major protocol deviations, and were at risk of COVID-19 (ie, had no PCR-positive result or discontinued the study before day 71). Safety was assessed in all participants; reactogenicity, in terms of solicited local and systemic adverse events, was assessed as a secondary endpoint in a safety subset (approximately 6000 randomly selected participants). The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04614948, and is ongoing.Enrolment began on Nov 16, 2020, and the primary analysis data cutoff was June 25, 2021. From 34 571 participants screened, the double-blind phase enrolled 31 300 participants, 14 492 of whom received two doses (7484 in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 7008 in the placebo group) and 11 639 of whom were eligible for inclusion in the assessment of the primary endpoint (6024 in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 5615 in the placebo group). The median (IQR) follow-up post-booster vaccination was 36·0 (15·0-62·0) days. Vaccine efficacy was 75·2% (adjusted 95% CI 54·6-87·3) against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 (14 cases in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 52 cases in the placebo group). Most cases were due to the variants alpha (B.1.1.7) and mu (B.1.621); endpoints for the primary analysis accrued from Nov 16, 2020, to June 25, 2021, before the global dominance of delta (B.1.617.2) or omicron (B.1.1.529). The booster vaccine exhibited an acceptable safety profile. The overall frequencies of solicited local and systemic adverse events (evaluated in the safety subset, n=6067) were higher among vaccine recipients than placebo recipients after the primary and booster doses. The frequency of solicited adverse events in the Ad26.COV2.S group were similar following the primary and booster vaccinations (local adverse events, 1676 [55·6%] of 3015 vs 896 [57·5%] of 1559, respectively; systemic adverse events, 1764 [58·5%] of 3015 vs 821 [52·7%] of 1559, respectively). Solicited adverse events were transient and mostly grade 1-2 in severity.A homologous Ad26.COV2.S booster administered 2 months after primary single-dose vaccination in adults had an acceptable safety profile and was efficacious against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19. Studies assessing efficacy against newer variants and with longer follow-up are needed.Janssen ResearchDevelopment.

Introducción. El incremento y preocupación que suscita el cyberbullying en la comunidad educativa evidencia la necesidad de programas basados en evidencia que permitan prevenir e intervenir este tipo de violencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia del programa Prev@cib 2.0 en la reducción del cyberbullying, y el fomento de las conductas de ayuda y la percepción de ayuda por parte del profesor. Método. Se utilizó un diseño pre-post-test de medidas repetidas con grupo control y grupo de intervención, al que se le administró el programa Prev@cib durante 4 meses. Participaron en el estudio 580 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años (M =13.52, DT =1.27). Resultados. Los resultados mostraron una disminución significativa en cibervictimización y ciberagresión, y un aumento en las conductas de ayuda y percepción de ayuda del profesor después del programa en el grupo de intervención, en comparación con el grupo de control. Discusión y conclusiones. Estos resultados demuestran la eficacia del programa Prev@cib 2.0 para prevenir el acoso cibernético en la adolescencia. Además, se evidencia la importancia de la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa para prevenir esta problemática.

Autoimmune toxicity occurs in up to 60% of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer and represents an increasing clinical challenge for expanding the use of these treatments. To date, human immunopathogenic studies of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have relied on sampling of circulating peripheral blood cells rather than affected tissues. Here, we directly obtained thyroid specimens from individuals with ICI-thyroiditis, one of the most common IRAEs, and compared immune infiltrates with those from individuals with spontaneous autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) or no thyroid disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dominant, clonally expanded population of thyroid-infiltrating cytotoxic CXCR6 + CD8 + T cells (effector CD8 + T cells) present in ICI-thyroiditis but not HT or healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified a crucial role for interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine secreted by intrathyroidal T follicular (T FH ) and T peripheral helper (T PH ) cells, as a driver of these thyrotoxic effector CD8 + T cells. In the presence of IL-21, human CD8 + T cells acquired the activated effector phenotype with up-regulation of the cytotoxic molecules interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme B, increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR6, and thyrotoxic capacity. We validated these findings in vivo using a mouse model of IRAEs and further demonstrated that genetic deletion of IL-21 signaling protected ICI-treated mice from thyroid immune infiltration. Together, these studies reveal mechanisms and candidate therapeutic targets for individuals who develop IRAEs.

The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration between a sample of gifted students and a sample of nongifted students, and their relationship in both groups with depression, stress, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A cross-sectional design was performed with two comparison groups: 449 Spanish adolescents identified as gifted ( Mage = 11.72, S D = 1.89) and 950 nongifted Spanish students ( Mage = 12.72, SD=0.79). Results reveal that 41.1%, 1.1%, and 9.5% of the gifted sample were pure-victims, pure-bullies, and bully-victims, respectively, compared to 21.8%, 2.4%, and 5.8% of the nongifted students. It is observed that gifted students are more likely to be victims (OR = 3.20[2.40, 4.28]). Gifted pure-victims have significantly higher stress scores than nongifted pure-victims ( p < .001). In general, pure-victims and bully-victims of gifted and nongifted students both have higher stress, anxiety, and depression scores and lower HRQoL scores than other profiles.

For a society where progress and constant development are essential and that faced with the changes experienced in society (pandemics, wars) as well as in education (lack of motivation of students, increase in dropouts, and poor results in studies), the educational system suggests the need for change, proposing the use of more innovative and active methodologies that give the student a leading role and make them the protagonists of the teaching-learning process. This chapter presents an activity with escape room developed with students of the Master's Degree in Special Education that aims to facilitate the learning of practical cases on the subject of developmental disorders.

Introduction Research focused on the association between peer cybervictimization and declining health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is scarce. Currently, few longitudinal studies find an association between these phenomena, and none focus on cybervictimization profiles. The main objectives are: (1) to analyze the point and period prevalence, and incidence of cybervictimization profiles (uninvolved, new, ceased, intermittent, and stable cybervictims); (2) to study the relationship between cybervictimization and HRQoL over time; (3) to determine the longitudinal impact on the HRQoL of each type of profile. Methods A prospective study was conducted in three waves over 13 months. A total of 1142 adolescents aged 11–18 years participated in all the waves (630 girls, 55.2%). Results The prevalence of victimization for the three waves was 21.6% (Wave 1; W1), 23.5% (W2), and 19.6% (W3), respectively. The period prevalence was 41.3%, and the accumulated incidence was 25.1%. It was found that 24% of the participants were new victims, 5.9% were intermittent victims, and 6% were stable victims. Being a cybervictim at W1 poses a relative risk of 1.73 [1.29–2.32], that is, a twofold increased risk of presenting a low HRQoL 13 months later compared to those who are not cybervictims. Conclusion One in four adolescents became a new cybervictim during the 13 months of the study. The adolescents who presented poorer HRQoL were the stable cybervictims. This study was funded by the International University of La Rioja in its Own Research Plan [Grupo Ciberpsicología triennium 2017–2020 and biennium 2020–2022], the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness: RTI2018-094212-B-I00 (CIBER-AACC), and by Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Open Access funding provided by University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU).

El presente artículo, parte de los resultados de la investigación titulada “Comunicación en contextos de riesgo:un estudio de caso de los periodistas de la agencia de comunicación popular Colombia Informa” realizado porel grupo de investigación de comunicación y medios (GICOM) a la agencia de comunicación popular ColombiaInforma, donde se realizo un abordaje desde lo conceptual frente a la comunicación, el periodismo, la censuray autocensura. Adicionalmente se analizaron los aspectos teóricos y conceptuales a la luz de la metodologíacualitativa con un estudio fenomenológico desde el contexto actual, dando como resultado aspectos relevantesfrente a la autoprotección y el reto de la autocensura, concluyendo en la importancia de la protección y novulneración de los derechos humanos aquellas personas que día a día luchan por informar la verdad

There is currently no evidence of the relationship between cyber dating abuse (CDA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially from a longitudinal perspective. The objectives were: a) to analyze the point and period prevalence, incidence, and score changes over time of victimization by CDA; b) to compare HRQoL in the different categories of victims of CDA (nonvictims, new, ceased, intermittent, and stable victims). A three-wave longitudinal study was carried out over 13 months. The final sample was composed of adolescents who had a partner in the 6 months before the measurements: 341(W1), 357(W2), and 416(W3). The prevalence of CDA was 31.1% (W1), 32.8% (W2), and 18.1% (W3). The girls had higher prevalence in victimization by control than the boys in all waves. The period prevalence was 23% (20% for control, 15% for direct aggression) and the cumulative incidence was 15%. Stable victims had the lowest HRQoL scores. © The Author(s) 2020.

Background and aims Despite its illegality among adolescents, online gambling is a common practice, which puts their mental health and well-being at serious risk. This systematic review summarises international scientific literature from the last 20 years on problematic online gambling among adolescents (11–21 years old) to determine its prevalence and to analyse related measurement issues. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and a protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, IC: CRD42020162932). Five academic databases were consulted, which resulted in an initial sample of 658 papers. Results Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All studies were cross-sectional and targeted students from elementary school, secondary school or university. Most followed a convenience sampling procedure. The primary measurement instruments used were the DSM-IV-MR-J and SOGS-RA. Between 0.77% and 57.5% of adolescents present some degree of problematic online gambling (problem, pathological or disordered) depending on the instruments used, the study samples and the timeframe analysed. Between 0.89% and 1% of adolescents exhibited an online gambling disorder. Discussion and conclusion There is a great heterogeneity in the methodology of the reviewed studies (samples, measurement instruments, cut-off points and criteria applied). The limited number of studies and the limited generalizability of their results suggest the need for further research and for development of specific instruments to assess different levels of problematic online gambling in representative samples of adolescents based on clinical ‘gold standard’ criteria and more accurate cut-off points.

This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (project RTI2018-094212-B- I00, CIBER-AACC) and the International University of La Rioja (Cyberpsychology project, 2017-2020 and 2020-2022 trienni- ums).

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been analyzed in relation to multiple psychosocial and health problems. However, only a few studies have analyzed the impact of bullying and cyberbullying on HRQoL. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the level of severity of bullying and cyberbullying on HRQoL. The effects of different roles, especially the conjunctions of of victim–cybervictim and bully–victim/cyberbully–cybervictim on HRQoL, were explored. An analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in a region of northern Spain. Random and representative sampling was employed. The participants included 12, 285 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age, with a mean age of 14.69 ± 1.73. The Spanish version of the KIDSCREEN-27, the Spanish version of the European bullying intervention project questionnaire (EBIPQ), and the cyberbullying triangulation questionnaire (CTQ) were employed. The prevalence of bullying victimization, cybervictimization, bullying perpetration, and cyberbullying perpetration was 12%, 8.1%, 10.4%, and 7%, respectively. Significant and negative correlations between all the dimensions of the EBIPQ and the CTQ with the KIDSCREEN-27 were found. Victimization and cybervictimization had more impact than bullying perpetration and cyberbullying perpetration, especially on psychological well-being and school environment. The mixed roles of the victim–cybervictim and victim–cybervictim/bully–cyberbully obtained lower scores than the remaining roles in all the dimensions of KIDSCREEN-27. Those in mixed roles related to victimization and cybervictimization obtained the lowest scores in all HRQoL dimensions. The results enhance an understanding of the severity of the problem of bullying and cyberbullying and their impact on HRQoL.

Background: Loot boxes are a type of random microtransactions that are increasingly common in videogames, so there is some concern about its true extent and entailed risks. Although many papers have been published recently about this topic, the actual prevalence of loot boxes use is uncertain and there is still controversy over the nature of its relationship with problematic gaming and gambling. Objectives: The aims of this scoping review are to summarize the characteristics and findings of published primary research studies about the prevalence of loot boxes and/or its relationship with problematic gaming and gambling, taking into account the operationalization of loot boxes use in these studies. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute Guidance for conducting a systematic scoping reviews and the systematic reviews and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) are followed. Searches in three academic databases provided 299 articles. Results: Sixteen primary studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All the studies were cross-sectional, only four used samples of adolescents and males were overrepresented in ten of the samples. The annual purchase prevalence rate in gamers is higher in adults than in adolescents (22.7 - 44.2% and 20 - 33.9%, respectively), but in general samples (gamers and non-gamers) it is just the opposite (from 24.9% among 13-14 to 7.8% in adults). Prevalence rates are also higher in the samples made up of gamers and gamblers and in studies that measured monthly or lifetime prevalence. In general, studies suggest a positive and significant relationship between loot boxes and problematic gaming and gambling. Conclusions: The overrepresentation of male adults with gaming and/or gambling problems in study samples do not allow to generalize their results. An enhanced standardization in measurements and methods for future research in this field is recommended. Also, further longitudinal research is needed to improve the understanding of these problems.

Numerous cross-sectional studies have linked health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with peer victimization, but evidence of how this relationship may change over time is lacking. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence, incidence, and stability of peer victimization and to longitudinally relate peer victimization to HRQoL. A longitudinal study was designed and implemented at three separate time points over a 13-month period. The study involved 1,155 adolescents (43.5% boys; n = 503) aged between 11 and 18 years. The prevalence of victimization for each wave was, respectively, 32.4%, 25.9%, and 23.7%, with a period prevalence of 48.5% and a cumulative incidence of 25%. Eight percent of the victims were stable victims across the three waves. The most frequent type of victimization was direct verbal victimization. Peer victimization correlated significantly across the three waves (r > .40; p < .001), as did HRQoL (r > .50; p < .001). Stable victims showed the lowest HRQoL scores. There were no statistically significant differences in HRQoL among new victims, ceased victims, and intermittent victims, but all of them presented lower HRQoLs than non-victims (p < .001). In conclusion, this manuscript presents a unique approach to peer victimization through an epidemiological perspective and provides evidence that stable victims experience the greatest loss of HRQoL.

For the Z-Generation, the Internet has become a very important experimentation laboratory for the discovery and validation of their identity. Despite the importance of the process of building the self in the adolescent, there are hardly any validated instruments that measure the self online. The aim of this research was to design and validate the Brief Self Online Scale (SO-8). A total of 843 students (384 boys, 45.6%), with an age range of 10 to 14 years participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the hypothesized model of two correlated factors (Online Self-Perception and Online Idealized Projection), previously obtained through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The reliability coefficients of Self Online dimensions were adequate. Indicators of convergent validity were obtained, finding significant correlations with self-concept, problematic Internet use, and online emotional intelligence. The SO-8 has adequate psychometric properties to be considered a reliable and valid tool to measure the construct of the Self Online in adolescents.

The Internet has brought about a paradigm shift in the lives of many people, especially adolescents. While it has opened great possibilities, it has also led to various risks such as cyberbullying and problematic Internet use (PIU). These two constructs have been extensively researched individually and jointly, but the existence of different profiles of problematic use according to the role a person assumes in the context of cyberbullying has not yet been explored. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze the different PIU profiles of those who have been cybervictims, cyberbullies, and cyberbully victims. An analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 25,341 adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age (14.60 ± 1.68). The Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Spanish version of the Generalized and Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS2) were used. The results indicate that cybervictims (6.4 percent), cyberbullies (4.3 percent), and cyberbully victims (2.7 percent) have different profiles of PIU (p < 0.001). Two common profiles emerge from the three roles: one of nonproblematic use and the other of severe problematic use. Participants who presented severe problematic use are the ones who obtained higher scores in cybervictimization and cyberaggression, particularly in the case of cyberbully victims. Furthermore, this profile is 7.6 (IC99 percent:6.11-9.44) times more likely to present PIU than noninvolved adolescents. These results are relevant when planning cyberbullying-focused interventions and programs because of the association between cyberbullying and general PIU.

Production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the main problems related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide, with the CTX-M, TEM and SHV types standing out as the most prevalent. These enzymes are usually related to plasmids which facilitates their horizontal genetic transmission. In the northeast region of Tamaulipas their clinical prevalence is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this work was to define the molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in clinical strains collected in Reynosa Tamaulipas, Mexico. A selection of 123 Enterobacteriaceae strains from different clinical patients were collected from August 2018 to December 2019. These strains were phenotypically identified by double disk synergy tests (DDST) and subsequently subjected to polymerase chain reaction for the detection and amplification of the blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX−M−1, blaCTX−M−2, blaCTX−M−9 and blaCTX−M−8/25 genes. Lastly, antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined by plate diffusion method and their capacity to transfer this sort of resistance by conjugation was assessed. Our results showed a prevalence of 48.78% (60/123) of ESBL-producing enterobacteria, with the blaTEM and blaCTX−M−1 genes most commonly detected in 76.67% (46/60) and 58.33% (35/60), respectively. Additionally, a 68.33% (41/60) of these ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were multidrug-resistant, while 51.67% (31/60) were able to transfer some genes related to ESBL production, being blaCTX−M−1 the most common. This is the first study in the region that evaluates ESBL production in clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains, as well as the content of genes related to this phenotype and the ability to transfer this type of antimicrobial resistance.

The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the revised version of the Adolescent Cyber-Aggressor scale (CYB-AGS). This scale is composed of 18 items that measure direct and indirect cyberbullying. A cross-sectional study was conducted using two independent samples of adolescents. The first sample included 1318 adolescents (52.6% girls) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.89, SD = 1.32). The second sample included 1188 adolescents (48.5% boys) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 14.19, SD = 1.80). First, to study the psychometric properties of the CYB-AGS, exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample 1. Results indicated a two-factor structure: direct cyber-aggression and indirect cyber-aggression. Second, to verify the structure of the CYB-AGS, we selected Sample 2 to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and test the scale&rsquo, s convergent validity with theoretically-related measures. Results confirmed the reliability and validity of the two-dimensional model. Moreover, measurement invariance was established. Finally, regarding convergent validity, positive correlations were obtained between cyberbullying and aggressive behaviors in school, anger expression, negative attitudes towards school, and transgression of norms. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between cyberbullying and attitudes towards institutional authority.

Cyber dating violence is an increasing problem with serious negative consequences for adolescents. Further knowledge about related variables is necessary to develop preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlations among cyber dating violence victimization (cyber-control and cyber-aggression), offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal&ndash, emotional, and relational) and adolescents&rsquo, beliefs in myths of romantic love, and to examine possible differences in cyber-control victimization, cyber-aggression victimization and offline dating violence victimization (relational, physical and verbal&ndash, emotional) according to adolescents&rsquo, levels of belief (low vs. high) in myths of romantic love. The role of offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal&ndash, emotional and relational) and romantic myths as predictor variables of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization was also explored. All these analyses were carried out separately with boys and girls. Of an initial sample of 919 adolescents, those who have had a dating relationship in the past year (492 adolescents, M = 15.10, SD = 1.59) were included. The regression analyses revealed that offline dating violence victimization and romantic myths were significant predictors of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization for both boys and girls, but explained variance was higher for girls. Verbal&ndash, emotional offline dating violence victimization was the main predictor of cyber-control victimization, and physical and relational offline dating violence victimizations were the main predictors of cyber-aggression victimization. These results can be useful for developing more effective offline and cyber dating violence prevention programs.

The internet has been a breakthrough for adolescents in many ways, but its use can also become dysfunctional and problematic, leading to consequences for personal well-being. The main objective is to analyze profiles related to problematic internet use and its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). An analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in a region of northern Spain. The sample comprised 12,285 participants. Sampling was random and representative. Mean age and standard deviation was 14.69 &plusmn, 1.73 (11&ndash, 18 years). The Spanish versions of the Problematic and Generalized Internet Use Scale (GPIUS2) and of the Health-Related Quality of Life (KIDSCREEN-27) were used. Four profiles were detected (non-problematic use, mood regulator, problematic internet use, and severe problematic use). The prevalence of these last two profiles was 18.5% and 4.9%, respectively. Problematic internet use correlated negatively and significantly with HRQoL. The severe problematic use profile presented a significant decrease in all dimensions of HRQoL. Analyses were carried out to extract a diagnostic cut-off point for GPIUS2 (52 points). The results and practical implications are discussed.

Título, resumen y palabras clave en español y en inglés Resumen tomado de la publicación Se analizan las diferencias entre estudiantes involucrados en situaciones de cyberbullying (no implicados, ocasionales, severos) en su actitud hacia la autoridad institucional y conducta violenta escolar directa y relacional, teniendo en cuenta la interacción con el sexo. La muestra está formada por 1062 estudiantes de educación secundaria entre 12 y 18 años de ambos sexos. Los resultados del análisis multivariado no muestran interacciones, pero sí efectos principales de las variables grupo y sexo. Los ciberagresores severos presentan más rechazo hacia la autoridad institucional, transgresión de normas y mayores conductas violentas directas y relacionales entre iguales. Los chicos tienen actitudes más favorables hacia la transgresión de normas y participan más que las chicas en conductas violentas escolares directas. Los análisis de regresión revelan que las variables de estudio predicen el cyberbullying. Se discuten estos resultados y sus implicaciones. ESP

Cyberbullying is an increasingly frequent problem among adolescents, and it produces considerable social concern. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative methodology, the main objective of this study was to analyze the differences among students involved in the perpetration and victimization of cyberbullying (non-involved, occasional, and severe), in their parental communication, and feelings of affiliation with classmates. The sample consisted of 849 adolescents (51.7% boys and 48.3% girls) from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.5, SD = 1.62). Three comparison groups of aggressors and victims of cyberbullying were formed, depending on the intensity of the intimidation: non-involved, occasional, and severe. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that adolescents involved in cyberbullying as perpetrators or victims have less open and more avoidant communication with their parents than adolescents who are not involved in cyberbullying. Additionally, victims of cyberbullying perceive lower feelings of affiliation with their classmates, whereas cyberbullies show no differences between the groups on this variable. These new results provide insight into the important role of family and peers in the prevention and eradication of the growing problem of cyberbullying.

El ciberacoso escolar suscita una creciente preocupacion social en la comunidad cientifica y en la sociedad en general. Las consecuencias del mismo en la victima son muy serias: se han encontrado numerosos indicadores de desajuste social, entre los cuales destaca la ideacion suicida. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido analizar las relaciones entre la cibervictimizacion y la ideacion suicida en adolescentes victimas de ciberacoso escolar a traves de las variables de desajuste psicosocial de soledad, sintomatologia depresiva, estres percibido y malestar psicologico. En esta investigacion participaron 1,062 adolescentes (547 chicos y 515 chicas), con un rango de edad que oscila entre los 12 y 18 anos (M = 14.51, DT = 1.62). El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostro que la cibervictimizacion se relaciona directa e indirectamente con la ideacion suicida. Las relaciones indirectas mostraron tener un efecto mas elevado sobre la ideacion suicida que los efectos directos de la cibervictimizacion. Se discute la relevancia de estos resultados para la investigacion cientifica, asi como sus implicaciones para futuros trabajos cientificos.

Due to the negative consequences of being bullied and the increase in cyberbullying among adolescents, there is a need for evidence-based programs to prevent and intervene in these types of peer violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Prev@cib bullying and cyberbullying program, drawing on three theoretical frameworks: the ecological model, empowerment theory, and the model of personal and social responsibility. The Prev@cib program was evaluated using a repeated-measures pre-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 660 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.58, SD = 1.26), randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA of pre-post-test scores were conducted. Results showed a significant decrease in bullying and victimization and cyberbullying and cybervictimization in the experimental group, compared to the control group, indicating that the Prev@cib program is effective in reducing bullying and cyberbullying. Taking into account the harmful effects of these types of violence, the results have important implications in the prevention of these behaviors because they provide scientific evidence of the program&rsquo, s effectiveness.

El ciberacoso es un fenómeno de creciente preocupación social que afecta cada vez más a niños y adolescentes de todos los paí- ses desarrollados. A diferencia de la considerable literatura que hay sobre las relaciones entre el acoso escolar y el contexto familiar y escolar, todavía hay pocos trabajos sobre la influencia de estos entornos sociales en el problema del ciberacoso. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia del contexto escolar y familiar en víctimas de ciberacoso. La muestra estuvo formada por 1.062 adolescentes (51,5% chicos y 48,5% chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M=14,5; DT=1,62). Se establecieron tres grupos de contraste: cibervíctimas severas, cibervíctimas moderadas y no víctimas de ciberacoso. Los resultados del análisis de varianza indicaron que las cibervíctimas severas en comparación con las no víctimas puntúan significativamente más alto en conflicto familiar y obtienen puntuaciones más bajas en el resto de variables familiares (autoestima familiar, cohesión y expresividad), y variables escolares (implicación, afiliación y ayuda al profesor), consideradas en el estudio. Los análisis de regresión revelaron que la autoestima académica y familiar y algunas dimensiones del clima familiar y escolar predicen la cibervictimización en la adolescencia. Estos novedosos resultados muestran la importancia de incluir a la familia y a la escuela en los programas de prevención del ciberacoso, Cyberbullying is a phenomenon of growing social concern that affects an increasing number of children and adolescents from all the developed countries. Although there is a large body of literature on the relationships between school bullying and the family and school contexts, few studies have examined the influence of these social environments on the problem of cyberbullying. Using a quantitative methodology, the main objective of this study was to analyse the influence of the school and family contexts on victims of cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 1,062 Spanish adolescents (51.5% boys and 48.5% girls) from 11 to 18 years old (M=14.5; SD=1.62). Three comparison groups were formed: severe cyberbullying victims, moderate cyberbullying victims, and non-victims of cyberbullying. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that severe cyberbullying victims, compared to non-victims, scored significantly higher on family conflict and obtained lower scores on the remaining family (family self-concept, cohesion and expressiveness) and school (involvement, affiliation, and teacher support) variables considered in the study. Regression analyses revealed that academic and family self-concept and some dimensions of family and school climate predict cyber-victimization in adolescence. These new results point to the importance of including the family and the school in cyberbullying prevention programs

El objetivo de esta investigación es, por un lado, conocer la relación existente entre el apoyo social percibido, la empatía emocional y cognitiva, la satisfacción con la vida, la expresión de ira como rasgo y cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto −académico, social, emocional, familiar y físico− en una muestra de residentes en un centro de reeducación de menores infractores en cumplimiento de medidas judiciales. Por otro lado, el trabajo pretende conocer cuáles son las variables que mejor predicen la satisfacción con la vida en la misma muestra. Los principales resultados son la existencia de correlaciones positivas de satisfacción con la vida con apoyo social y autoconcepto, así como que el apoyo social y el autoconcepto familiar son las variables que mejor predicen la satisfacción con la vida.

La violencia escolar entre iguales es una problemática con graves consecuencias psicosociales. Además, se produce en una etapa del ciclo vital en que la familia y las actitudes sexistas tienen cierta influencia en las conductas violentas de los adolescentes. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar posibles diferencias en el sexismo hostil, sexismo benevolente, comunicación con la madre y comunicación con el padre entre tres grupos de adolescentes establecidos según su diferente implicación en violencia hacia los iguales: “baja implicación”, “implicación ocasional” y “implicación frecuente”. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1034 adolescentes de ambos sexos (50.6% chicos y 49.4% chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes con una implicación frecuente en conductas de violencia hacia los iguales presentan más actitudes sexistas benévolas y hostiles y más problemas de comunicación con ambos progenitores. Asimismo, los implicados en conductas agresivas frecuentes y ocasionales muestran menos comunicación abierta con la madre y con el padre. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de ayudar a los adolescentes que ejercen agresión frecuente hacia sus iguales e indica la importancia de incluir estas variables en los programas de prevención.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar el perfil psicosocial de adolescentesagresores de cyberbullying, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes indicadores de ajuste psicosocial:satisfacción con la vida, reputación social no conformista y conductas antisociales dentro y fueradel contexto escolar. La muestra está formada por 896 estudiantes españoles (49.7% chicos y50.3% chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 19 años (M = 13.9, DT = 1.5). Seencuentran diferencias significativas entre los grupos de ciberagresores y no agresores; losciberagresores severos, seguidos de los cibereagresores ocasionales, muestran el ajuste psicosocial más conflictivo en todas las variables analizadas, y los adolescentes no agresores el ajuste más adaptado. Estos resultados proporcionan información relevante sobre la importancia del ajuste psicosocial en la prevención e intervención del ciberacoso.

The “comadre” approach to group counseling with immigrant Mexican women creates an environment of sisterhood, trust, support, and education. This article describes a wellness-based, comadre pilot group designed to support monolingual Spanish-speaking, Mexican-born women who recently immigrated to the United States. The need for the group and group development and process are described. The 10-week pilot group is described illustrating this particular comadre model of group work with immigrant Mexican women. Implications for future group work and research with Mexican female immigrants are discussed, and suggestions are offered for wellness-based group work led by cross-cultural counselors.

Melanopsin is an unusual vertebrate photopigment that, in mammals, is expressed in a small subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), whose signaling has been implicated in non-image forming vision, regulating such functions as circadian rhythms, pupillary light response, and sleep. The biochemical cascade underlying the light response in ipRGCs has not yet been fully elucidated, but is hypothesized to involve Gq pathway. We present both a deterministic and a stochastic model of the hypothesized melanopsin phototranduction cascade. Both models qualitatively reproduce experimental results under several different conditions. The models allow us to probe various mechanisms in the phototransduction cascade in a way that is currently experimentally not feasible.

espanolLos estudios sugieren que el cyberbullying conlleva graves consecuencias a nivel psicosocial para las cibervictimas, y que estas no confian en que los adultos y autoridades sean capaces de ayudarles. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar si existen diferencias en el ajuste psicologico (depresion y estres percibido) y social (percepcion de apoyo social formal e informal) entre adolescentes victimas y no victimas de acoso a traves de las Nuevas Tecnologias de la Informacion (TIC). La muestra estuvo formada por 590 adolescentes de ambos sexos y de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 18 anos a los que se les pasaron para los objetivos del presente estudio las escalas de: victimizacion a traves del telefono movil y a traves de internet; depresion; estres percibido; y, apoyo social comunitario. Los resultados indicaron que las victimas de cyberbullying tienen puntuaciones superiores en sintomatologia depresiva, estres percibido, y puntuaciones inferiores en la percepcion de apoyo social de los sistemas formales, en comparacion a los adolescentes no victimizados, no habiendo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en la percepcion de apoyo social de los sistemas informales. Se discuten estos resultados y sus implicaciones para futuras investigaciones. catalaEls estudis suggereixen que el ciberassetjament escolar comporta consequencies greus en l’ambit psicosocial per a les cibervictimes, a mes les victimes no confien que els adults i les autoritats siguen capacos d’ajudar-los. Per aixo, l’objectiu principal d’aquest treball fou analitzar si hi ha diferencies en l’ajust psicologic (depressio i estres percebut) i social (percepcio de suport social formal i informal) entre adolescents victimes i no victimes d’assetjament mitjancant les Noves Tecnologies de la Informacio (TIC). La mostra va estar formada per 590 adolescents d’ambdos sexes i d’edats compreses entre els 11 i els 18 anys, els quals van omplir per als objectius del present estudi les escales de: victimitzacio a traves del telefon mobil i a traves d’Internet; depressio; estres percebut; i suport social comunitari. Els resultats han indicat que les victimes de ciberassetjament escolar tenen puntuacions superiors en simptomatologia depressiva, estres percebut, i puntuacions inferiors en la percepcio de suport social dels sistemes formals, en comparacio dels adolescents no victimitzats, i no hi ha diferencies significatives entre els grups en la percepcio de suport social dels sistemes informals. Es discuteixen aquests resultats i les implicacions per a investigacions futures. EnglishSeveral researches have demonstrated that cyberbullying does serious emotional harms to the victims, and these victims aren’t confident that their parents and the authorities will solve the problem. In this line, the aim of the present study was to examine the differences in psychological adjustment (depression and perceived stress) and social adjustment (perception of formal and informal social support) among adolescent victims and non-victims of cyberbullying. The sample was composed of 590 adolescents, ranging from 11 to 18 years old, these adolescents filled out the scales: victimization through mobile phone and Internet; depression; perceived stress; and community social support. Results indicated that victims of cyberbullying have higher scores on depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and lower scores in perceived social support from formal systems, compared to teenagers that were not victimized. There were no significant differences between the two groups in perception of informal social support systems. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are made.