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El objetivo del presente estudio fue aislar e identificar a Leishmania de Amblyomma naponense y Amblyomma humerale colectadas de Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari y Chelonoide denticulata. Se colectaron garrapatas Amblyomma naponense y Amblyomma humerale de Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari y Chelonoide denticulata en Madre de Dios, Perú. Se extrajeron las vísceras y glándulas salivales de las garrapatas y se hicieron observaciones directas al microscopio, se realizaron cultivos en agar sangre bifásico y se inocularon en almohadillas plantares e intraperitoneal de hámsteres. En ninguna de las observaciones, cultivos y respuesta a las inoculaciones se aisló ni identificó al parásito. Estos resultados muestran una investigación básica la cual sirve para recomendar el uso de un número mayor de garrapatas colectadas de varios animales como potenciales reservorios de Leishmania y el uso de técnica de alta sensibilidad de detección del parásito como la reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR).

El monitoreo de contaminantes que afecten la inocuidad de alimentos agropecuarios primarios se inició el año 2011 en el Perú. Se efectuó una revisión documental de los informes de monitoreo publicados en el sitio web del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria del Perú (SENASA) entre los años 2011 a 2020, sin embargo no hubo información completa sobre la concentración de plaguicidas no autorizados (PNA) en relación al límite máximo de residuos y por región geográfica, y tipo de contaminante, particularmente los años 2019 y 2020 por lo que el análisis de restringe al período 2011-2018 verificándose el uso de no menos de 20 plaguicidas no autorizados de los cuales se han efectuado un mínimo de dos aplicaciones por cultivo, siendo los cultivos con mayor uso de PNA el limón (7 PNA); tomate, mandarina y uvas (5 PNA); banano (4 PNA); y naranjas y pallar (3 PNA), siendo clorpirifos y carbendazim los PNA que fueron utilizados hasta en cinco cultivos lo que se explicaría por su amplio espectro de acción. Se requiere monitoreo para determinar las concentraciones de los PNA según cultivo, en relación a los límites máximos de residuo, y al período de retiro.

El desarrollo del capitalismo ha convertido las ciudades en mercancía haciendo cada vez más difícil habitarlas. En este sentido, los movimientos sociales actúan como movilizadores de una sociedad que reclama lo que es suyo, exige poder vivir, disfrutar e interactuar activamente en los espacios que le rodean. Este artículo se centra en la descripción de los efectos del movimiento de okupación entendido como un proceso de intervención social en el entorno urbano. A través de la apropiación de espacios vaciados, el movimiento okupa interviene en la construcción de relaciones y redes de apoyo que mantienen las personas que habitan y participan de esos lugares. Los resultados nos muestran que a través de la interacción directa y una organización horizontal, sin jerarquías, es posible dotar a las personas de herramientas y procesos para habitar sus barrios y sobreponer el valor de uso y experiencia al valor de cambio. Así, las conclusiones permiten visibilizar cómo un movimiento social como el de okupación puede convertirse en un instrumento de intervención urbana, a la vez que se recalca la importancia de la autogestión y de la acción social directa para que las personas se organicen, autogestionen y actúen sobre el entorno que quieren habitar.

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is among the most common causes of diarrheal disease worldwide and efforts to develop protective measures against the pathogen are ongoing. One of the few defined virulence factors targeted for vaccine development is the capsule polysaccharide (CPS). We have developed a capsule conjugate vaccine against C. jejuni strain 81-176 (CPS-CRM) that is immunogenic in mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) but only moderately immunogenic in humans when delivered alone or with aluminum hydroxide. To enhance immunogenicity, two novel liposome-based adjuvant systems, the Army Liposome Formulation (ALF), containing synthetic monophosphoryl lipid A, and ALF plus QS-21 (ALFQ), were evaluated with CPS-CRM in this study. In mice, ALF and ALFQ induced similar amounts of CPS-specific IgG that was significantly higher than levels induced by CPS-CRM alone. Qualitative differences in antibody responses were observed where CPS-CRM alone induced Th2-biased IgG1, whereas ALF and ALFQ enhanced Th1-mediated anti-CPS IgG2b and IgG2c and generated functional bactericidal antibody titers. CPS-CRM + ALFQ was superior to vaccine alone or CPS-CRM + ALF in augmenting antigen-specific Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine responses and a significantly higher proportion of CD4+ IFN-γ+ IL-2+ TNF-α+ and CD4+ IL-4+ IL-10+ T cells. ALFQ also significantly enhanced anti-CPS responses in NHPs when delivered with CPS-CRM compared to alum- or ALF-adjuvanted groups and showed the highest protective efficacy against diarrhea following orogastric challenge with C. jejuni. This study provides evidence that the ALF adjuvants may provide enhanced immunogenicity of this and other novel C. jejuni capsule conjugate vaccines in humans. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, and currently no preventative interventions are available. C. jejuni is an invasive mucosal pathogen that has a variety of polysaccharide structures on its surface, including a capsule. In phase 1 studies, a C. jejuni capsule conjugate vaccine was safe but poorly immunogenic when delivered alone or with aluminum hydroxide. Here, we report enhanced immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine delivered with liposome adjuvants containing monophosphoryl lipid A without or with QS-21, known as ALF and ALFQ, respectively, in preclinical studies. Both liposome adjuvants significantly enhanced immunity in mice and nonhuman primates and improved protective efficacy of the vaccine compared to alum in a nonhuman primate C. jejuni diarrhea model, providing promising evidence that these potent adjuvant formulations may enhance immunogenicity in upcoming human studies with this C. jejuni conjugate and other malaria and HIV vaccine platforms.

A series of CeαMn1-αO2 catalysts supported on γ-alumina with various molar concentrations of Ce (α, from 0 to 0.90) was synthesized by coprecipitation, applying two different precipitating agents, namely, sodium hydroxide (method 1) and sodium carbonate (method 2), with the use of sodium permanganate as a redox agent for precipitation. XRD profiles of the supported samples revealed the predominant abundance of a typical fluorite crystalline structure. TPR thermograms of supported samples were displaced towards lower temperatures with increasing Mn concentration, in contrast with the bulk samples. The supported Ce-Mn samples exhibited a greater performance in n-hexane elimination than did the corresponding simple oxides. The sample Ce0.33Mn0.67O2 obtained by method 2 presented the best activity, probably due to the enrichment of Ce4+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ surface species, an excess of superficial oxygen species and an easy reducibility as well as the lowest apparent activation energy.

Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern, particularly among Hispanic populations. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic predisposition to obesity in Puerto Rican children of Hispanic descent, addressing a notable gap in existing research. A cohort of 103 children with obesity and hyperphagia underwent genetic screening for rare obesity-related variants. Clinical assessments and family history evaluations were conducted to characterize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort. Genetic testing revealed a high prevalence of variants, with 73% of subjects having at least one reported variant. Pathogenic variants, predominantly associated with obesity-related ciliopathies, were identified in 7% of cases. Additionally, 90% of cases had variants of uncertain significance, highlighting the complexity of genetic contributions to obesity. This study emphasizes the critical need for further investigation into the genetic foundations of obesity, particularly within Hispanic communities. The findings emphasize the importance of early medical evaluation, vigilant monitoring for hyperphagia onset, and targeted interventions tailored to the unique genetic landscape of Puerto Rican children. This research provides a foundational framework for future studies to mitigate the impact of genetic obesity within this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]