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Schneiderian papilloma is a benign sinonasal tumour, which has three morphological variants: fungiform, inverted and oncocytic. Inverted papilloma, being the most prevalent variant, is three times more common among males in their fifth to seventh decade of life. On the other hand, nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumour arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Albeit rare, synchronous sinonasal tumour has been reported and remains a quandary till date, especially when it involves malignant and benign synchronous nasal mass. In this paper, we reported a case of a successfully treated synchronous sinonasal inverted papilloma with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in an elderly male. We would like to highlight the need to investigate suspicious bilateral nasal masses due to the possible coexistence of two different pathologies, as in our case.

Aim: The aim of the study was to outline the longitudinal outcomes of olfactory dysfunction amongst patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a single tertiary centre in Malaysia. Materials and methods: Adults patients who tested positive for COVID-19 via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and were admitted to Hospital Sungai Buloh, Malaysia, were recruited in this study. The patients completed a questionnaire via telephone interview comprising the following details: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, general and otorhinolaryngological symptoms, and onset and duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The patients with persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction at the time of the initial interview were followed up every 3 to 5 days until resolution. Results: A total 185 patients were included in this study out of 378 patients contacted. Ninety patients reported olfactory dysfunction symptoms, with 59 of them complaining of anosmia. The mean age of the participants was 39.52 years (age range: 18–66 years). More than half of the patients with olfactory dysfunction had no comorbidities (55.56%). Of the 90 patients with olfactory dysfunction, 66 patients (73.3%), including 40 males and 26 females, regained their olfactory function completely within 2 weeks. The remaining 24 patients were contacted after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Ten patients (11.1%) were found to have recovered their sense of smell after one month, while 5 patients (5.56%) recovered within 2 months, and 1 patient (1.11%) recovered in 3 months. Conclusion: Complete recovery was noted in 73% of the patients within a period of 2 weeks, whereas persistence of symptoms was noted in 6 patients (6.67%) after 3 months.

not available Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 454-456

IntroductionCoronavirus disease (Covid-19) was first discovered in December 2019 with no signs of conceding to date. Many operations which are regarded as not lifesaving are postponed indefinitely owing to hospital bed shortage as well as to reduce the spread of infection among patients and staff. However, healthcare professionals are thrown down a huge challenge when deciding the timing of treatment for non-life-threatening conditions like severe paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) with a substantial impact on the development of very young children.AimTo outline management of postoperative respiratory complication in a child with severe obstructive sleep anoea syndrome during Covid-19.Case studyWe present a case of a major respiratory event requiring reintubation that developed post-adenotonsillectomy in a 3-year-old child with severe OSAS.Results and discussionThe child was given close monitoring for 6 h in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) before he was transferred to the general paediatric ward, without PICU admission during his stay in the hospital.ConclusionsPostoperative monitoring at the step-down unit with a high nurse-to-patient ratio appears to be beneficial as it does not compromise the need for close postoperative observation, meanwhile saving costs.

Aim: To highlight the challenges involved in the diagnosis and management of synchronous tumours. A synchronous head and neck lesion brings the attending physician into a quandary, as there is no gold standard for managing such patients. Failure to respond to treatment should provoke physicians into considering other possible diagnoses, as often a secondary lesion may be the hidden culprit. Case report: Herein, we present a case of a synchronous cervical mass: Kimura disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a 48-year-old woman. She was initially treated for Kimura disease based on fine-needle aspiration cytology evidence, and later found out to have a synchronous malignancy in the fossa of Rosenmüller. Failure of Kimura disease to respond to steroid treatment led to a repeated examination, which resulted in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The patient was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion: Kimura disease, a rare benign head and neck tumour, is treated successfully with steroids. Persistent swelling coupled with treatment failure should alert physicians to repeat patient assessment, as improper disease management leads to severe complications.

Aim: To highlight the possibility of synchronous benign and malignant nasal masses. Schneiderian papilloma, also known as inverted papilloma, despite being a common benign epithelial sinonasal tumour, remains a conundrum to otorhinolaryngologists due to its locally aggressive nature, tendency to recur as well as potential of malignant transformation. A synchronous nasal lesion adds on to the complexity of patient management. Case presentation: Herein, we are reporting an unusual case of synchronous lesions: sinonasal inverted papilloma and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Initial biopsy of the sinonasal mass revealed inverted papilloma. However, histopathological examination post endoscopic medial maxillectomy revealed evidence of both inverted papilloma and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusion: We want to highlight that seemingly benign sinonasal inverted papillomas ought to be taken seriously considering the possibility of a synchronous malignant nasal mass, as in our case.

Aim of the study: To outline the challenge faced in diagnosing intramuscular haemangioma of the masseter in a child. Intramuscular haemangioma is an unusual type of haemangioma and is oftentimes overlooked or misdiagnosed by health care professionals. Case report: Herein, we discuss a complex case of a 9-year-old girl referred to otorhinolaryngology department for unilateral preauricular swelling, initially treated as parotitis and finally diagnosed as intramuscular masseter haemangioma following imaging and biopsy. However, the patient had to complete several courses of antibiotics and fine needle aspiration, which was inconclusive, for almost a year prior to attaining diagnosis. Conclusion: We would like to highlight early imaging and image-guided biopsy especially in children to avoid delay in diagnosis and prompt management.

A previously healthy 26-year-old man presented with 1-month history of right-sided neck swelling. According to him, the swelling progressively increased in size over 1 week and concurrently became red and painful. There was no dysphagia or odynophagia. He denied recent fever, upper respiratory

Aim of the study: The aim of this case presentation is to emphasise the importance of meticulous history-taking and physical examination, and increase the awareness of various possibilities for the diagnosis and management of patients with unilateral cheek swelling. Maxillary mucocele is a rare benign cystic lesion of paranasal sinuses. It may be associated with varying symptoms, and patients commonly present with compression symptoms during their first visit, as the maxillary sinus is adjacent to vital structures, notably the orbit and skull base. Case report: Herein, we present the case of a middle-aged man who presented with painless unilateral cheek swelling that turned out to be maxillary mucocele. Conclusions: Presentation of maxillary mucocele often mimics cancerous lesion types. Thorough assessment and proper imaging help to guide otorhinolaryngologists towards making an accurate diagnosis and initiating prompt management.

Branchial arch anomalies are the second most common cause of congenital lesions of the head and neck in children. We discuss a case of recurrent neck abscess in a young child, which eventually led to a third/fourth branchial cleft anomaly diagnosis. We aim to share our experience in the management of this patient along with a review of literature focusing on the presentation, diagnostic workup and treatment of third/fourth branchial arch anomaly.

BackgroundNeonatal nasal obstruction may result in respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, sleep apnoea and failure to thrive; hence, it requires thorough evaluation and prompt intervention. Congenital inferior turbinate hypertrophy is relatively uncommon, and its presentation can mimic other congenital nasal anomalies.RelevanceThis paper reports two cases of congenital inferior turbinate hypertrophy in neonates that resulted in significant respiratory distress, feeding difficulties and sleep disturbance. Both patients were successfully treated surgically by endoscopic nasal dilatation and stenting. A literature search was performed to identify articles on congenital inferior turbinate hypertrophy in neonates and its management.ConclusionAlbeit rare, congenital inferior turbinate hypertrophy should be considered a differential diagnosis in newborns presenting with respiratory distress at birth.

Aim of this case: To highlight the presentation of rapidly enlarging parotid haemangioma in three children who were all successfully managed with oral propranolol. Case report: Parotid haemangioma in infancy, albeit rare, has been vastly reported due to it being the most common tumour of the salivary gland in infants. Despite that, the presence of a rapidly enlarging tumour in “the little ones” may be daunting, leading to countless unwarranted procedures by attending physicians. Herein, we present three cases of infantile rapidly tumefying parotid lesions which were diagnosed clinically with the support of imaging, and successfully managed by promptly initiating oral propranolol. Conclusion: Although several recent reports have been reviewed, the challenges in diagnosis and management of the condition need to be individualised.

A previously healthy 30-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of worsening right-sided swelling of floor of mouth with odynophagia. According to him, this was his first episode. There was no prior trauma, fever, toothache, foreign body ingestion or dental extraction. No associated neck swelling, shortness of breath or constitutional symptoms were found. On examination, patient was not septic looking, floor of mouth was raised on right side, erythematous with non-discharging punctum (figure 1). Bimanual palpation revealed hard …

BackgroundDespite the rapidly emerging reports of olfactory dysfunction amongst adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019, cases involving children and adolescents are scarcely reported. The literature was reviewed to elucidate olfactory dysfunction amongst children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019.MethodsA search of the literature published from 1 December 2019 to 30 April 2021 was conducted using four databases, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The search was performed over one month (May 2021).ResultsOnly 9 articles were identified, with a total of 316 laboratory confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 positive children and adolescents, of whom 156 reported olfactory dysfunction. Four studies reported olfactory dysfunction based on subjective tests; four studies carried out objective assessment. Most studies reported on olfaction recovery.ConclusionThe literature review revealed an olfactory dysfunction rate of 49 per cent amongst children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019. Persistence of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 7.1 per cent of the patients. Further studies involving objective measures need to be carried out in children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019.

ObjectiveTo outline the impact on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction.MethodsFive databases were searched for articles referring to the impact on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The search was conducted for the period from November 2019 to April 2021. The search was conducted over one month (May 2021).ResultsFour studies that met the objective were included. Altogether, there were 1045 patients. Various questionnaires were used to assess quality of life. Overall, the quality of life deficit affected 67.7 per cent of patients. Quality of life domains investigated include overall quality of life (four studies), food and taste dysfunction (two studies), mental health (two studies), cognitive function (one study), functional outcome (one study) and safety domains (one study).ConclusionQuality of life deficit was reported to be 67.7 per cent among coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The high prevalence of persistent olfactory dysfunction prompts more serious research, as the long-standing consequences of olfactory dysfunction are detrimental.