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1. Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction

Author

Wood, Greta K., Sargent, Brendan F., Ahmad, Zain-Ul-Abideen, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, Dunai, Cordelia, Egbe, Franklyn N., Martin, Naomi H., Facer, Bethany, Pendered, Sophie L., Rogers, Henry C., Hübel, Christopher, van Wamelen, Daniel J., Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Giunchiglia, Valentina, Hellyer, Peter J., Trender, William, Kalsi, Gursharan, Needham, Edward, Easton, Ava, Jackson, Thomas A., Cunningham, Colm, Upthegrove, Rachel, Pollak, Thomas A., Hotopf, Matthew, Solomon, Tom, Pett, Sarah L., Shaw, Pamela J., Wood, Nicholas, Harrison, Neil A., Miller, Karla L., Jezzard, Peter, Williams, Guy, Duff, Eugene P., Williams, Steven, Zelaya, Fernando, Smith, Stephen M., Keller, Simon, Broome, Matthew, Kingston, Nathalie, Husain, Masud, Vincent, Angela, Bradley, John, Chinnery, Patrick, Menon, David K., Aggleton, John P., Nicholson, Timothy R., Taylor, John-Paul, David, Anthony S., Carson, Alan, Bullmore, Ed, Breen, Gerome, Hampshire, Adam, Michael, Benedict D., Paddick, Stella-Maria, and Leek, E. Charles

Published
2025
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2. An Extended Phase Graph-based framework for DANTE-SPACE simulations including physiological, temporal, and spatial variations

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Jezzard, Peter, and Hess, Aaron T.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: The DANTE-SPACE sequence facilitates three-dimensional intracranial vessel wall imaging with simultaneous suppression of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, the achieved image contrast depends closely on the selected sequence parameters, and the clinical use of the sequence is limited in vivo by observed signal variations in the vessel wall, CSF, and blood. This paper introduces a comprehensive DANTE-SPACE simulation framework, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the underlying contrast mechanisms and facilitating improved parameter selection and contrast optimization. Methods: An Extended Phase Graph (EPG) formalism was developed for efficient spin ensemble simulation of the DANTE-SPACE sequence. Physiological processes such as pulsatile flow velocity variation, varying flow directions, intravoxel dephasing, diffusion, and B1+ effects were included in the framework to represent the mechanisms behind the achieved signal levels accurately. Results: Intravoxel velocity averaging improved temporal stability and robustness against small velocity changes. Time-varying pulsatile velocity variation affected CSF simulations, introducing periods of near-zero velocity and partial rephasing. Inclusion of diffusion effects was found to substantially reduce the CSF signal. Blood flow trajectory variations had minor effects, but B1+ differences along the trajectory reduced DANTE efficiency in low-B1+ areas. Introducing low-velocity pulsatility of both CSF and vessel wall helped explain the in vivo observed signal heterogeneity in both tissue types. Conclusion: The presented simulation framework facilitates a more comprehensive optimization of DANTE-SPACE sequence parameters. Furthermore, the simulation framework helps to explain observed contrasts in acquired data.

Published
2023

3. Head-and-neck multi-channel B1+ mapping and carotid arteries RF shimming using a parallel transmit head coil

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Jezzard, Peter, and Hess, Aaron T.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: Neurovascular MRI suffers from a rapid drop in B1+ into the neck when using transmit head coils at 7T. One solution to improving B1+ magnitude in the major feeding arteries in the neck is to use custom RF shims on parallel transmit (pTx) head coils. However, calculating such shims requires robust multi-channel B1+ maps in both the head and the neck, which is challenging due to low RF penetration into the neck, limited dynamic range of multi-channel B1+ mapping techniques, and B0 sensitivity. We therefore sought a robust large-dynamic-range pTx field mapping protocol, and tested whether RF shimming can improve carotid artery B1+ in practice. Methods: A pipeline is presented that combines B1+ mapping data acquired using circularly polarized (CP-) and CP2-mode RF shims at multiple voltages. The pipeline was evaluated by comparing the predicted and measured B1+ for multiple random transmit shims, and by assessing the ability of RF shimming to increase the B1+ in the carotid arteries. Results: The proposed method achieved good agreement between predicted and measured B1+ in both the head and the neck. The B1+ magnitude in the carotid arteries can be increased by 42% using tailored RF shims or by 37% using universal RF shims, while also improving the RF homogeneity compared to CP mode. Conclusion: B1+ in the neck can be increased using RF shims calculated from multi-channel B1+ maps in both the head and the neck. This can be achieved using universal phase-only RF shims, facilitating easy implementation in existing sequences., Comment: 19 pages (8 pages main text) & 10 figures. To be submitted for review

Published
2022

4. Brain-Charting Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Reveals Distinct and Overlapping Neurobiology

Author

Bailey, Anthony J., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick F., Bullmore, Edward T., Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Craig, Michael C., Daly, Eileen M., Deoni, Sean C.L., Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G.M., Pasco, Greg, Ruigrok, Amber N.V., Sadek, Susan A., Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Suckling, John, Wheelwright, Sally J., Williams, Steven C., Bedford, Saashi A., Ruigrok, Amber, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Lerch, Jason P., Taylor, Margot, Nicolson, Rob, Stelios, Georgiades, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Kelley, Elizabeth, Jones, Jessica, Arnold, Paul D., Courchesne, Eric, Pierce, Karen, Eyler, Lisa T., Campbell, Kathleen, Barnes, Cynthia Carter, Seidlitz, Jakob, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., and Bethlehem, Richard A.I.

Published
2025
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5. Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people

Author

Al Arab, Marwa, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Andrews, Colm, Badrick, Ellena, Baz, Sarah, Beckford, Chelsea, Berman, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Booth, Charlotte, Bowyer, Ruth, Boyd, Andy, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Brophy, Sinead, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Kirsteen C, Carnemolla, Alisia, Carpentieri, Jd, Cezard, Genevieve, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Cheetham, Nathan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Crane, Matthew, Cuitun Coronado, Jose Ignacio, Curtis, Helen, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Katharine M, Fang, Chao, Ferreira, Vanessa, Finnigan, Lucy, Fisher, Louis, Flaig, Robin, Folarin, Amos, Forbes, Harriet, Foster, Diane, Fox, Laura, Freydin, Maxim, Garcia, Paz, Gibson, Andy, Glen, Fiona, Goldacre, Ben, Goncalves Soares, Ana, Greaves, Felix, Green, Amelia, Green, Mark, Green, Michael, Griffith, Gareth, Hamill Howes, Lee, Hamilton, Olivia, Herbet, Annie, Herrett, Emily, Hopcroft, Lisa, Horne, Elsie, Hou, Bo, Hughes, Alun, Hulme, William, Huntley, Lizzie, Ip, Samantha, Jacques, Wels, Jezzard, Peter, Jones, Louise, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Karthikeyan Suseeladevi, Arun, Katikireddi, Vittal, Kellas, John, Kennedy, Jonathan I, Kibble, Milla, Knight, Rochelle, Knueppel, Anika, Kopasker, Daniel, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kwong, Alex, Langan, Sinead, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Lukaschuk, Elena, Mackenna, Brain, Macleod, John, Maddock, Jane, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, McArdle, Fintan, McCartney, Daniel, McEachan, Rosie, McElroy, Eoin, McLachlan, Stela, Mitchell, Ruth, Moltrecht, Bettina, Morley, Jess, Nab, Linda, Neubauer, Stefan, Nigrelli, Lidia, North, Teri, Northstone, Kate, Oakley, Jacqui, Palmer, Tom, Park, Chloe, Parker, Michael, Parsons, Sam, Patalay, Praveetha, Patel, Kishan, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piechnik, Stefan, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Ploubidis, George, Rafeti, Elena, Raman, Betty, Ranjan, Yatharth, Rapala, Alicja, Rhead, Rebecca, Roberts, Amy, Sampri, Alexia, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Santorelli, Gillian, Saunders, Laura C, Shah, Anoop, Shah, Syed Ahmar, Sharp, Steve, Shaw, Richard, Sheard, Laura, Sheikh, Aziz, Silverwood, Richard, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Stephen, Stafford, Jean, Steptoe, Andrew, Sterne, Jonathan, Steves, Claire, Stewart, Callum, Taylor, Kurt, Tazare, John, Teece, Lucy, Thomas, Richard, Thompson, Ellen, Tilling, Kate, Timpson, Nicholas, Tomlinson, Laurie, Toms, Renin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Turner, Emma L, Walker, Alex, Walker, Venexia, Walter, Scott, Wang, Kevin, Wei, Yinghui, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Wild, James M, Willan, Kathryn, Willans, Robert, Williams, Dylan, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Angela, Woodward, Hannah, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, Zaninotto, Paola, Zheng, Bang, Zhu, Jingmin, Eastwood, Sophie, Horne, Elsie M F, Massey, Jon, Hopcroft, Lisa E M, Cuitun Coronado, Jose, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Morton, Caroline, and Sterne, Jonathan A C

Published
2024
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6. Unbiased Signal Equation for Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Mapping in Balanced Steady-State Free Precession MRI

Author

Bayer, Fritz M., Jezzard, Peter, Bock, Michael, and Smith, Alex K.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: Quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging can be used to quantify the proportion of protons in a voxel attached to macromolecules. Here, we show that the original qMT balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) model is biased due to over-simplistic assumptions made in its derivation. Theory and Methods: We present an improved model for qMT bSSFP, which incorporates finite radio-frequency (RF) pulse effects as well as simultaneous exchange and relaxation. Further, a correction to finite RF pulse effects for sinc-shaped excitations is derived. The new model is compared to the original one in numerical simulations of the Bloch-McConnell equations and in previously acquired in-vivo data. Results: Our numerical simulations show that the original signal equation is significantly biased in typical brain tissue structures (by 7-20 %) whereas the new signal equation outperforms the original one with minimal bias (< 1%). It is further shown that the bias of the original model strongly affects the acquired qMT parameters in human brain structures, with differences in the clinically relevant parameter of pool-size-ratio of up to 31 %. Particularly high biases of the original signal equation are expected in an MS lesion within diseased brain tissue (due to a low T2/T1-ratio), demanding a more accurate model for clinical applications. Conclusion: The improved model for qMT bSSFP is recommended for accurate qMT parameter mapping in healthy and diseased brain tissue structures.

Published
2021
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7. Optimization of Undersampling Parameters for 3D Intracranial Compressed Sensing MR Angiography at 7 Tesla

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Jezzard, Peter, and Hess, Aaron T.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Purpose: 3D Time-of-flight (TOF) MR Angiography (MRA) can accurately visualize the intracranial vasculature, but is limited by long acquisition times. Compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction can be used to substantially accelerate acquisitions. The quality of those reconstructions depends on the undersampling patterns used in the acquisitions. In this work, optimized sets of undersampling parameters using various acceleration factors for Cartesian 3D TOF-MRA are established. Methods: Fully-sampled datasets acquired at 7T were retrospectively undersampled using variable-density Poisson-disk sampling with various autocalibration region sizes, polynomial orders, and acceleration factors. The accuracy of reconstructions from the different undersampled datasets was assessed using the vessel-masked structural similarity index. Results were compared for four imaging volumes, acquired from two different subjects. Optimized undersampling parameters were validated using additional prospectively undersampled datasets. Results: For all acceleration factors, using a fully-sampled calibration area of 12x12 k-space lines and a polynomial order of around 2-2.4 resulted in the highest image quality. The importance of sampling parameter optimization was found to increase for higher acceleration factors. The results were consistent across resolutions and regions of interest with vessels of varying sizes and tortuosity. In prospectively undersampled acquisitions, using optimized undersampling parameters resulted in a 7.2% increase in the number of visible small vessels at R = 7.2. Conclusion: The image quality of CS TOF-MRA can be improved by appropriate choice of undersampling parameters. The optimized sets of parameters are independent of the acceleration factor., Comment: Manuscript to be submitted to Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Published
2021

8. An investigation into the minimum number of tissue groups required for 7T in-silico parallel transmit electromagnetic safety simulations in the human head

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Jezzard, Peter, Jeong, Hongbae, and Hess, Aaron T.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: Safety limits for the permitted Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) place restrictions on pulse sequence design, especially at ultra-high fields ($\geq 7$ tesla). Due to inter-subject variability, the SAR is usually conservatively estimated based on standard human models that include an applied safety margin to ensure safe operation. One approach to reducing the restrictions is to create more accurate subject-specific models from their segmented MR images. This study uses electromagnetic simulations to investigate the minimum number of tissue groups required to accurately determine SAR in the human head. Methods: Tissue types from a fully characterized electromagnetic human model with 47 tissue types in the head and neck region were grouped into different tissue clusters based on the conductivities, permittivities, and mass densities of the tissues. Electromagnetic simulations of the head model inside a parallel transmit (pTx) head coil at 7T were used to determine the minimum number of required tissue clusters to accurately determine the subject-specific SAR. The identified tissue clusters were then evaluated using two additional well-characterized electromagnetic human models. Results: A minimum of 4 clusters plus air was found to be required for accurate SAR estimation. These tissue clusters are centered around gray matter, fat, cortical bone, and cerebrospinal fluid. For all three simulated models the pTx maximum 10gSAR was consistently determined to within an error of <12% relative to the full 47-tissue model. Conclusion: A minimum of 4 clusters plus air are required to produce accurate personalized SAR simulations of the human head when using pTx at 7T., Comment: Submitted to Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Published
2020

9. Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

Author

Raman, Betty, McCracken, Celeste, Cassar, Mark P, Moss, Alastair J, Finnigan, Lucy, Samat, Azlan Helmy A, Ogbole, Godwin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth M, Alfaro-Almagro, Fidel, Menke, Ricarda, Xie, Cheng, Gleeson, Fergus, Lukaschuk, Elena, Lamlum, Hanan, McGlynn, Kevin, Popescu, Iulia A, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Saunders, Laura C, Piechnik, Stefan K, Ferreira, Vanessa M, Nikolaidou, Chrysovalantou, Rahman, Najib M, Ho, Ling-Pei, Harris, Victoria C, Shikotra, Aarti, Singapuri, Amisha, Pfeffer, Paul, Manisty, Charlotte, Kon, Onn M, Beggs, Mark, O'Regan, Declan P, Fuld, Jonathan, Weir-McCall, Jonathan R, Parekh, Dhruv, Steeds, Rick, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Cuthbertson, Dan J, Kemp, Graham J, Semple, Malcolm G, Horsley, Alexander, Miller, Christopher A, O'Brien, Caitlin, Shah, Ajay M, Chiribiri, Amedeo, Leavy, Olivia C, Richardson, Matthew, Elneima, Omer, McAuley, Hamish J C, Sereno, Marco, Saunders, Ruth M, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Greening, Neil J, Bolton, Charlotte E, Brown, Jeremy S, Choudhury, Gourab, Diar Bakerly, Nawar, Easom, Nicholas, Echevarria, Carlos, Marks, Michael, Hurst, John R, Jones, Mark G, Wootton, Daniel G, Chalder, Trudie, Davies, Melanie J, De Soyza, Anthony, Geddes, John R, Greenhalf, William, Howard, Luke S, Jacob, Joseph, Man, William D-C, Openshaw, Peter J M, Porter, Joanna C, Rowland, Matthew J, Scott, Janet T, Singh, Sally J, Thomas, David C, Toshner, Mark, Lewis, Keir E, Heaney, Liam G, Harrison, Ewen M, Kerr, Steven, Docherty, Annemarie B, Lone, Nazir I, Quint, Jennifer, Sheikh, Aziz, Zheng, Bang, Jenkins, R Gisli, Cox, Eleanor, Francis, Susan, Halling-Brown, Mark, Chalmers, James D, Greenwood, John P, Plein, Sven, Hughes, Paul J C, Thompson, A A Roger, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L, Wild, James M, Kelly, Matthew, Treibel, Thomas A, Bandula, Steven, Aul, Raminder, Miller, Karla, Jezzard, Peter, Smith, Stephen, Nichols, Thomas E, McCann, Gerry P, Evans, Rachael A, Wain, Louise V, Brightling, Christopher E, Neubauer, Stefan, Baillie, J K, Shaw, Alison, Hairsine, Brigid, Kurasz, Claire, Henson, Helen, Armstrong, Lisa, Shenton, Liz, Dobson, H, Dell, Amanda, Lucey, Alice, Price, Andrea, Storrie, Andrew, Pennington, Chris, Price, Claire, Mallison, Georgia, Willis, Gemma, Nassa, Heeah, Haworth, Jill, Hoare, Michaela, Hawkings, Nancy, Fairbairn, Sara, Young, Susan, Walker, S, Jarrold, I, Sanderson, Amy, David, C, Chong-James, K, Zongo, O, James, W Y, Martineau, A, King, Bernie, Armour, C, McAulay, D, Major, E, McGinness, Jade, McGarvey, L, Magee, N, Stone, Roisin, Drain, S, Craig, T, Bolger, A, Haggar, Ahmed, Lloyd, Arwel, Subbe, Christian, Menzies, Daniel, Southern, David, McIvor, Emma, Roberts, K, Manley, R, Whitehead, Victoria, Saxon, W, Bularga, A, Mills, N L, El-Taweel, Hosni, Dawson, Joy, Robinson, Leanne, Saralaya, Dinesh, Regan, Karen, Storton, Kim, Brear, Lucy, Amoils, S, Bermperi, Areti, Elmer, Anne, Ribeiro, Carla, Cruz, Isabel, Taylor, Jessica, Worsley, J, Dempsey, K, Watson, L, Jose, Sherly, Marciniak, S, Parkes, M, McQueen, Alison, Oliver, Catherine, Williams, Jenny, Paradowski, Kerry, Broad, Lauren, Knibbs, Lucy, Haynes, Matthew, Sabit, Ramsey, Milligan, L, Sampson, Claire, Hancock, Alyson, Evenden, Cerys, Lynch, Ceri, Hancock, Kia, Roche, Lisa, Rees, Meryl, Stroud, Natalie, Thomas-Woods, T, Heller, S, Robertson, E, Young, B, Wassall, Helen, Babores, M, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Shashaa, Sharlene, Price, Carly, Beranova, Eva, Ramos, Hazel, Weston, Heather, Deery, Joanne, Austin, Liam, Solly, Reanne, Turney, Sharon, Cosier, Tracey, Hazelton, Tracy, Ralser, M, Wilson, Ann, Pearce, Lorraine, Pugmire, S, Stoker, Wendy, McCormick, W, Dewar, A, Arbane, Gill, Kaltsakas, G, Kerslake, Helen, Rossdale, J, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Aguilar Jimenez, Laura A, Martinez, L M, Ostermann, Marlies, Magtoto, Murphy M, Hart, Nicholas, Marino, Philip, Betts, Sarah, Solano, Teresa S, Arias, Ava Maria, Prabhu, A, Reed, Annabel, Wrey Brown, Caroline, Griffin, Denise, Bevan, Emily, Martin, Jane, Owen, J, Alvarez Corral, Maria, Williams, Nick, Payne, Sheila, Storrar, Will, Layton, Alison, Lawson, Cathy, Mills, Clare, Featherstone, James, Stephenson, Lorraine, Burdett, Tracy, Ellis, Y, Richards, A, Wright, C, Sykes, D L, Brindle, K, Drury, Katie, Holdsworth, L, Crooks, M G, Atkin, Paul, Flockton, Rachel, Thackray-Nocera, Susannah, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Taylor, Abigail, Perkins, Emma, Ross, Gavin, McGuinness, Heather, Tench, Helen, Phipps, Janet, Loosley, Ronda, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Coetzee, S, Omar, Zohra, Ross, Alexandra, Card, Bethany, Carr, Caitlin, King, Clara, Wood, Chloe, Copeland, D, Calvelo, Ellen, Chilvers, Edwin R, Russell, Emily, Gordon, Hussain, Nunag, Jose Lloyd, Schronce, J, March, Katherine, Samuel, Katherine, Burden, L, Evison, Lynsey, McLeavey, Laura, Orriss-Dib, Lorna, Tarusan, Lawrence, Mariveles, Myril, Roy, Maura, Mohamed, Noura, Simpson, Neil, Yasmin, Najira, Cullinan, P, Daly, Patrick, Haq, Sulaimaan, Moriera, Silvia, Fayzan, Tamanah, Munawar, Unber, Nwanguma, Uchechi, Lingford-Hughes, A, Altmann, Danny, Johnston, D, Mitchell, J, Valabhji, J, Price, L, Molyneaux, P L, Thwaites, Ryan S, Walsh, S, Frankel, A, Lightstone, L, Wilkins, M, Willicombe, M, McAdoo, S, Touyz, R, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Warwick, Katie, Hewitt, Melanie, Reddy, R, White, Sonia, McMahon, A, Hoare, Amy, Knighton, Abigail, Ramos, Albert, Te, Amelie, Jolley, Caroline J, Speranza, Fabio, Assefa-Kebede, Hosanna, Peralta, Ida, Breeze, Jonathon, Shevket, K, Powell, Natassia, Adeyemi, Oluwaseun, Dulawan, Pearl, Adrego, Rita, Byrne, S, Patale, Sheetal, Hayday, A, Malim, M, Pariante, C, Sharpe, C, Whitney, J, Bramham, K, Ismail, K, Wessely, S, Nicholson, T, Ashworth, Andrew, Humphries, Amy, Tan, Ai Lyn, Whittam, Beverley, Coupland, C, Favager, Clair, Peckham, D, Wade, Elaine, Saalmink, Gwen, Clarke, Jude, Glossop, Jodie, Murira, Jennifer, Rangeley, Jade, Woods, Janet, Hall, Lucy, Dalton, Matthhew, Window, Nicola, Beirne, Paul, Hardy, Tim, Coakley, G, Turtle, Lance, Berridge, Anthony, Cross, Andy, Key, Angela L, Rowe, Anna, Allt, Ann Marie, Mears, Chloe, Malein, Flora, Madzamba, Gladys, Hardwick, H E, Earley, Joanne, Hawkes, Jenny, Pratt, James, Wyles, J, Tripp, K A, Hainey, Kera, Allerton, Lisa, Lavelle-Langham, L, Melling, Lucy, Wajero, Lilian O, Poll, L, Noonan, Matthew J, French, N, Lewis-Burke, N, Williams-Howard, S A, Cooper, Shirley, Kaprowska, Sabina, Dobson, S L, Marsh, Sophie, Highett, Victoria, Shaw, V, Beadsworth, M, Defres, S, Watson, Ekaterina, Tiongson, Gerlynn F, Papineni, Padmasayee, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Diwanji, Shalin N, Quaid, Sheena, Briggs, A, Hastie, Claire, Rogers, Natalie, Stensel, D, Bishop, L, McIvor, K, Rivera-Ortega, P, Al-Sheklly, B, Avram, Cristina, Faluyi, David, Blaikely, J, Piper Hanley, K, Radhakrishnan, K, Buch, M, Hanley, N A, Odell, Natasha, Osbourne, Rebecca, Stockdale, Sue, Felton, T, Gorsuch, T, Hussell, T, Kausar, Zunaira, Kabir, T, McAllister-Williams, H, Paddick, S, Burn, D, Ayoub, A, Greenhalgh, Alan, Sayer, A, Young, A, Price, D, Burns, G, MacGowan, G, Fisher, Helen, Tedd, H, Simpson, J, Jiwa, Kasim, Witham, M, Hogarth, Philip, West, Sophie, Wright, S, McMahon, Michael J, Neill, Paula, Dougherty, Andrew, Morrow, A, Anderson, David, Grieve, D, Bayes, Hannah, Fallon, K, Mangion, K, Gilmour, L, Basu, N, Sykes, R, Berry, C, McInnes, I B, Donaldson, A, Sage, E K, Barrett, Fiona, Welsh, B, Bell, Murdina, Quigley, Jackie, Leitch, Karen, Macliver, L, Patel, Manish, Hamil, R, Deans, Andrew, Furniss, J, Clohisey, S, Elliott, Anne, Solstice, A R, Deas, C, Tee, Caroline, Connell, David, Sutherland, Debbie, George, J, Mohammed, S, Bunker, Jenny, Holmes, Katie, Dipper, A, Morley, Anna, Arnold, David, Adamali, H, Welch, H, Morrison, Leigh, Stadon, Louise, Maskell, Nick, Barratt, Shaney, Dunn, Sarah, Waterson, Samuel, Jayaraman, Bhagy, Light, Tessa, Selby, N, Hosseini, A, Shaw, Karen, Almeida, Paula, Needham, Robert, Thomas, Andrew K, Matthews, Laura, Gupta, Ayushman, Nikolaidis, Athanasios, Dupont, Catherine, Bonnington, J, Chrystal, Melanie, Greenhaff, P L, Linford, S, Prosper, Sabrina, Jang, W, Alamoudi, Asma, Bloss, Angela, Megson, Clare, Nicoll, Debby, Fraser, Emily, Pacpaco, Edmund, Conneh, Florence, Ogg, G, McShane, H, Koychev, Ivan, Chen, Jin, Pimm, John, Ainsworth, Mark, Pavlides, M, Sharpe, M, Havinden-Williams, May, Petousi, Nayia, Talbot, Nick, Carter, Penny, Kurupati, Prathiba, Dong, T, Peng, Yanchun, Burns, A, Kanellakis, N, Korszun, A, Connolly, B, Busby, J, Peto, T, Patel, B, Nolan, C M, Cristiano, Daniele, Walsh, J A, Liyanage, Kamal, Gummadi, Mahitha, Dormand, N, Polgar, Oliver, George, P, Barker, R E, Patel, Suhani, Gibbons, M, Matila, Darwin, Jarvis, Hannah, Lim, Lai, Olaosebikan, Olaoluwa, Ahmad, Shanaz, Brill, Simon, Mandal, S, Laing, C, Michael, Alice, Reddy, A, Johnson, C, Baxendale, H, Parfrey, H, Mackie, J, Newman, J, Pack, Jamie, Parmar, J, Paques, K, Garner, Lucie, Harvey, Alice, Summersgill, C, Holgate, D, Hardy, E, Oxton, J, Pendlebury, Jessica, McMorrow, L, Mairs, N, Majeed, N, Dark, P, Ugwuoke, R, Knight, Sean, Whittaker, S, Strong-Sheldrake, Sophia, Matimba-Mupaya, Wadzanai, Chowienczyk, P, Pattenadk, Dibya, Hurditch, E, Chan, Flora, Carborn, H, Foot, H, Bagshaw, J, Hockridge, J, Sidebottom, J, Lee, Ju Hee, Birchall, K, Turner, Kim, Haslam, L, Holt, L, Milner, L, Begum, M, Marshall, M, Steele, N, Tinker, N, Ravencroft, Phillip, Butcher, Robyn, Misra, S, Coburn, Zach, Fairman, Alexandra, Ford, Amber, Holbourn, Ailsa, Howell, Alice, Lawrie, Allan, Lye, Alison, Mbuyisa, Angeline, Zawia, Amira, Holroyd-Hind, B, Thamu, B, Clark, Cameron, Jarman, Claire, Norman, C, Roddis, C, Foote, David, Lee, Elvina, Ilyas, F, Stephens, G, Newell, Helen, Turton, Helena, Macharia, Irene, Wilson, Imogen, Cole, Joby, McNeill, J, Meiring, J, Rodger, J, Watson, James, Chapman, Kerry, Harrington, Kate, Chetham, Luke, Hesselden, L, Nwafor, Lorenza, Dixon, Myles, Plowright, Megan, Wade, Phillip, Gregory, Rebecca, Lenagh, Rebecca, Stimpson, R, Megson, Sharon, Newman, Tom, Cheng, Yutung, Goodwin, Camelia, Heeley, Cheryl, Sissons, D, Sowter, D, Gregory, Heidi, Wynter, Inez, Hutchinson, John, Kirk, Jill, Bennett, Kaytie, Slack, Katie, Allsop, Lynne, Holloway, Leah, Flynn, Margaret, Gill, Mandy, Greatorex, M, Holmes, Megan, Buckley, Phil, Shelton, Sarah, Turner, Sarah, Sewell, Terri Ann, Whitworth, V, Lovegrove, Wayne, Tomlinson, Johanne, Warburton, Louise, Painter, Sharon, Vickers, Carinna, Redwood, Dawn, Tilley, Jo, Palmer, Sue, Wainwright, Tania, Breen, G, Hotopf, M, Dunleavy, A, Teixeira, J, Ali, Mariam, Mencias, Mark, Msimanga, N, Siddique, Sulman, Samakomva, T, Tavoukjian, Vera, Forton, D, Ahmed, R, Cook, Amanda, Thaivalappil, Favas, Connor, Lynda, Rees, Tabitha, McNarry, M, Williams, N, McCormick, Jacqueline, McIntosh, Jerome, Vere, Joanne, Coulding, Martina, Kilroy, Susan, Turner, Victoria, Butt, Al-Tahoor, Savill, Heather, Fraile, Eva, Ugoji, Jacinta, Landers, G, Lota, Harpreet, Portukhay, Sofiya, Nasseri, Mariam, Daniels, Alison, Hormis, Anil, Ingham, Julie, Zeidan, Lisa, Osborne, Lynn, Chablani, Manish, Banerjee, A, David, A, Pakzad, A, Rangelov, B, Williams, B, Denneny, E, Willoughby, J, Xu, M, Mehta, P, Batterham, R, Bell, R, Aslani, S, Lilaonitkul, W, Checkley, A, Bang, Dongchun, Basire, Donna, Lomas, D, Wall, E, Plant, Hannah, Roy, K, Heightman, M, Lipman, M, Merida Morillas, Marta, Ahwireng, Nyarko, Chambers, R C, Jastrub, Roman, Logan, S, Hillman, T, Botkai, A, Casey, A, Neal, A, Newton-Cox, A, Cooper, B, Atkin, C, McGee, C, Welch, C, Wilson, D, Sapey, E, Qureshi, H, Hazeldine, J, Lord, J M, Nyaboko, J, Short, J, Stockley, J, Dasgin, J, Draxlbauer, K, Isaacs, K, Mcgee, K, Yip, K P, Ratcliffe, L, Bates, M, Ventura, M, Ahmad Haider, N, Gautam, N, Baggott, R, Holden, S, Madathil, S, Walder, S, Yasmin, S, Hiwot, T, Jackson, T, Soulsby, T, Kamwa, V, Peterkin, Z, Suleiman, Z, Chaudhuri, N, Wheeler, H, Djukanovic, R, Samuel, R, Sass, T, Wallis, T, Marshall, B, Childs, C, Marouzet, E, Harvey, M, Fletcher, S, Dickens, C, Beckett, P, Nanda, U, Daynes, E, Charalambou, A, Yousuf, A J, Lea, A, Prickett, A, Gooptu, Bibek, Hargadon, Beverley, Bourne, Charlotte, Christie, C, Edwardson, C, Lee, D, Baldry, E, Stringer, E, Woodhead, F, Mills, G, Arnold, H, Aung, H, Qureshi, I N, Finch, J, Skeemer, J, Hadley, K, Khunti, Kamlesh, Carr, Liesel, Ingram, L, Aljaroof, M, Bakali, M, Bakau, M, Baldwin, M, Bourne, Michelle, Pareek, Manish, Soares, M, Tobin, Martin, Armstrong, Natalie, Brunskill, Nigel, Goodman, N, Cairns, P, Haldar, Pranab, McCourt, P, Dowling, R, Russell, Richard, Diver, Sarah, Edwards, Sarah, Glover, Sarah, Parker, S, Siddiqui, Salman, Ward, T J C, Mcnally, T, Thornton, T, Yates, Tom, Ibrahim, W, Monteiro, Will, Thickett, D, Wilkinson, D, Broome, M, McArdle, P, Upthegrove, R, Wraith, D, Langenberg, C, Summers, C, Bullmore, E, Heeney, J L, Schwaeble, W, Sudlow, C L, Adeloye, D, Newby, D E, Rudan, I, Shankar-Hari, M, Thorpe, M, Pius, R, Walmsley, S, McGovern, A, Ballard, C, Allan, L, Dennis, J, Cavanagh, J, Petrie, J, O'Donnell, K, Spears, M, Sattar, N, MacDonald, S, Guthrie, E, Henderson, M, Guillen Guio, Beatriz, Zhao, Bang, Lawson, C, Overton, Charlotte, Taylor, Chris, Tong, C, Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta, Turner, E, Pearl, John E, Sargant, J, Wormleighton, J, Bingham, Michelle, Sharma, M, Steiner, Mike, Samani, Nilesh, Novotny, Petr, Free, Rob, Allen, R J, Finney, Selina, Terry, Sarah, Brugha, Terry, Plekhanova, Tatiana, McArdle, A, Vinson, B, Spencer, L G, Reynolds, W, Ashworth, M, Deakin, B, Chinoy, H, Abel, K, Harvie, M, Stanel, S, Rostron, A, Coleman, C, Baguley, D, Hufton, E, Khan, F, Hall, I, Stewart, I, Fabbri, L, Wright, L, Kitterick, P, Morriss, R, Johnson, S, Bates, A, Antoniades, C, Clark, D, Bhui, K, Channon, K M, Motohashi, K, Sigfrid, L, Husain, M, Webster, M, Fu, X, Li, X, Kingham, L, Klenerman, P, Miiler, K, Carson, G, Simons, G, Huneke, N, Calder, P C, Baldwin, D, Bain, S, Lasserson, D, Daines, L, Bright, E, Stern, M, Crisp, P, Dharmagunawardena, R, Reddington, A, Wight, A, Bailey, L, Ashish, A, Robinson, E, Cooper, J, Broadley, A, Turnbull, A, Brookes, C, Sarginson, C, Ionita, D, Redfearn, H, Elliott, K, Barman, L, Griffiths, L, Guy, Z, Gill, Rhyan, Nathu, Rashmita, Harris, Edward, Moss, P, Finnigan, J, Saunders, Kathryn, Saunders, Peter, Kon, S, Kon, Samantha S, O'Brien, Linda, Shah, K, Shah, P, Richardson, Emma, Brown, V, Brown, M, Brown, Jo, Brown, J, Brown, Ammani, Brown, Angela, Choudhury, N, Jones, S, Jones, H, Jones, L, Jones, I, Jones, G, Jones, Heather, Jones, Don, Davies, Ffyon, Davies, Ellie, Davies, Kim, Davies, Gareth, Davies, Gwyneth A, Howard, K, Porter, Julie, Rowland, J, Rowland, A, Scott, Kathryn, Singh, Suver, Singh, Claire, Thomas, S, Thomas, Caradog, Lewis, Victoria, Lewis, J, Lewis, D, Harrison, P, Francis, C, Francis, R, Hughes, Rachel Ann, Hughes, Joan, Hughes, A D, Thompson, T, Kelly, S, Smith, D, Smith, Nikki, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Jacqui, Smith, Laurie, Smith, Susan, Evans, Teriann, Evans, Ranuromanana I, Evans, D, Evans, R, Evans, H, and Evans, J

Published
2023
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10. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Chaturvedi, Nishi, Park, Chloe, Carnemolla, Alisia, Williams, Dylan, Knueppel, Anika, Boyd, Andy, Turner, Emma L., Evans, Katharine M., Thomas, Richard, Berman, Samantha, McLachlan, Stela, Crane, Matthew, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Oakley, Jacqui, Foster, Diane, Woodward, Hannah, Campbell, Kirsteen C., Timpson, Nicholas, Kwong, Alex, Soares, Ana Goncalves, Griffith, Gareth, Toms, Renin, Jones, Louise, Annie, Herbert, Mitchell, Ruth, Palmer, Tom, Sterne, Jonathan, Walker, Venexia, Huntley, Lizzie, Fox, Laura, Denholm, Rachel, Knight, Rochelle, Northstone, Kate, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Horne, Elsie, Forbes, Harriet, North, Teri, Taylor, Kurt, Arab, Marwa A.L., Walker, Scott, Coronado, Jose I.C., Karthikeyan, Arun S., Ploubidis, George, Moltrecht, Bettina, Booth, Charlotte, Parsons, Sam, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Steves, Claire, Thompson, Ellen, Garcia, Paz, Cheetham, Nathan, Bowyer, Ruth, Freydin, Maxim, Roberts, Amy, Goldacre, Ben, Walker, Alex, Morley, Jess, Hulme, William, Nab, Linda, Fisher, Louis, MacKenna, Brian, Andrews, Colm, Curtis, Helen, Hopcroft, Lisa, Green, Amelia, Patalay, Praveetha, Maddock, Jane, Patel, Kishan, Stafford, Jean, Jacques, Wels, Tilling, Kate, Macleod, John, McElroy, Eoin, Shah, Anoop, Silverwood, Richard, Denaxas, Spiros, Flaig, Robin, McCartney, Daniel, Campbell, Archie, Tomlinson, Laurie, Tazare, John, Zheng, Bang, Smeeth, Liam, Herrett, Emily, Cowling, Thomas, Mansfield, Kate, Costello, Ruth E., Wang, Kevin, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Douglas, Ian, Langan, Sinead, Brophy, Sinead, Parker, Michael, Kennedy, Jonathan, McEachan, Rosie, Wright, John, Willan, Kathryn, Badrick, Ellena, Santorelli, Gillian, Yang, Tiffany, Hou, Bo, Steptoe, Andrew, Giorgio, Di Gessa, Zhu, Jingmin, Zaninotto, Paola, Wood, Angela, Cezard, Genevieve, Ip, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Sampri, Alexia, Rafeti, Elena, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Sheikh, Aziz, Shah, Syed A., Katikireddi, Vittal, Shaw, Richard, Hamilton, Olivia, Green, Michael, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kopasker, Daniel, Greaves, Felix, Willans, Robert, Glen, Fiona, Sharp, Steve, Hughes, Alun, Wong, Andrew, Howes, Lee Hamill, Rapala, Alicja, Nigrelli, Lidia, McArdle, Fintan, Beckford, Chelsea, Raman, Betty, Dobson, Richard, Folarin, Amos, Stewart, Callum, Ranjan, Yatharth, Carpentieri, Jd, Sheard, Laura, Fang, Chao, Baz, Sarah, Gibson, Andy, Kellas, John, Neubauer, Stefan, Piechnik, Stefan, Lukaschuk, Elena, Saunders, Laura C., Wild, James M., Smith, Stephen, Jezzard, Peter, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Finnigan, Lucy, Ferreira, Vanessa, Green, Mark, Rhead, Rebecca, Kibble, Milla, Wei, Yinghui, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Teece, Lucy, Parker, Edward, Walker, Alex J., Inglesby, Peter, Curtis, Helen J., Morton, Caroline E., Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Hickman, George, Croker, Richard, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, DeVito, Nicholas J., Green, Amelia C.A., Massey, Jon, Smith, Rebecca M., Hulme, William J., Davy, Simon, Andrews, Colm D., Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Park, Robin Y., Higgins, Rose, Cunningham, Christine, Wiedemann, Milan, Maude, Steven, Macdonald, Orla, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., O'Dwyer, Thomas, Stables, Catherine L., Wood, Christopher, Brown, Andrew D., Speed, Victoria, Bridges, Lucy, Schaffer, Andrea L., Walters, Caroline E., Rentsch, Christopher T., Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Schultze, Anna, Williamson, Elizabeth J., McDonald, Helen I., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Mathur, Rohini, Eggo, Rosalind M., Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel Y.S., Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel J., Mansfield, Kathryn E., Douglas, Ian J., Evans, Stephen J.W., Walker, Jemma L., Cowling, Thomas E., Herrett, Emily L., Parker, Edward P.K., Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Nicholson, Brian, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan AC., Quint, Jennifer, Henderson, Alasdair D., Carreira, Helena, Bidulka, Patrick, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Hayes, Joseph F., Quint, Jennifer K., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Langan, Sinéad M.

Published
2023
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11. Improved visualization of intracranial distal arteries with multiple 2D slice dynamic ASL‐MRA and super‐resolution convolutional neural network.

Author

Suzuki, Yuriko, Koktzoglou, Ioannis, Li, Ziyu, Jezzard, Peter, and Okell, Thomas

Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks, SPIN labels, CEREBROVASCULAR disease, BLOOD flow, SPATIAL resolution
Abstract

Purpose: To develop a novel framework to improve the visualization of distal arteries in arterial spin labeling (ASL) dynamic MRA. Methods: The attenuation of ASL blood signal due to the repetitive application of excitation RF pulses was minimized by splitting the acquisition volume into multiple thin 2D (M2D) slices, thereby reducing the exposure of the arterial blood magnetization to RF pulses while it flows within the brain. To improve the degraded vessel visualization in the slice direction due to the limited minimum achievable 2D slice thickness, a super‐resolution (SR) convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained by using 3D time‐of‐flight (TOF)‐MRA images from a large public dataset. And then, we applied domain transfer from 3D TOF‐MRA to M2D ASL‐MRA, while avoiding acquiring a large number of ASL‐MRA data required for CNN training. Results: Compared to the conventional 3D ASL‐MRA, far more distal arteries were visualized with higher signal intensity by using M2D ASL‐MRA. In general, however, the vessel visualization with a conventional interpolation was prone to be blurry and unclear due to the limited spatial resolution in the slice direction, particularly in small vessels. Application of CNN‐based SR transferred from 3D TOF‐MRA to M2D ASL‐MRA successfully addressed such a limitation and achieved clearer visualization of small vessels than conventional interpolation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the proposed framework provides improved visualization of distal arteries in later dynamic phases, which will particularly benefit the application of this approach in patients with cerebrovascular disease who have slow blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Consensus statement on current and emerging methods for the diagnosis and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease

Author

Donahue, Manus J, Achten, Eric, Cogswell, Petrice M, De Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Derdeyn, Colin P, Dijkhuizen, Rick M, Fan, Audrey P, Ghaznawi, Rashid, Heit, Jeremy J, Ikram, M Arfan, Jezzard, Peter, Jordan, Lori C, Jouvent, Eric, Knutsson, Linda, Leigh, Richard, Liebeskind, David S, Lin, Weili, Okell, Thomas W, Qureshi, Adnan I, Stagg, Charlotte J, van Osch, Matthias JP, van Zijl, Peter CM, Watchmaker, Jennifer M, Wintermark, Max, Wu, Ona, Zaharchuk, Greg, Zhou, Jinyuan, and Hendrikse, Jeroen

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Stroke, Aging, Brain Disorders, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Good Health and Well Being, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Humans, hemodynamics, metabolism, imaging, cerebrovascular disease, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in most developed countries. This work summarizes state-of-the-art, and possible future, diagnostic and evaluation approaches in multiple stages of CVD, including (i) visualization of sub-clinical disease processes, (ii) acute stroke theranostics, and (iii) characterization of post-stroke recovery mechanisms. Underlying pathophysiology as it relates to large vessel steno-occlusive disease and the impact of this macrovascular disease on tissue-level viability, hemodynamics (cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time), and metabolism (cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and pH) are also discussed in the context of emerging neuroimaging protocols with sensitivity to these factors. The overall purpose is to highlight advancements in stroke care and diagnostics and to provide a general overview of emerging research topics that have potential for reducing morbidity in multiple areas of CVD.

Published
2018

13. Metabolite-cycled density-weighted concentric rings k-space trajectory (DW-CRT) enables high-resolution 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 3-Tesla.

Author

Steel, Adam, Chiew, Mark, Jezzard, Peter, Voets, Natalie L, Plaha, Puneet, Thomas, Michael Albert, Stagg, Charlotte J, and Emir, Uzay E

Subjects
Brain, Humans, Brain Neoplasms, Glutarates, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Adult, Aged, Female, Male, Clinical Research, Bioengineering, Brain Disorders, Biomedical Imaging, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a promising technique in both experimental and clinical settings. However, to date, MRSI has been hampered by prohibitively long acquisition times and artifacts caused by subject motion and hardware-related frequency drift. In the present study, we demonstrate that density weighted concentric ring trajectory (DW-CRT) k-space sampling in combination with semi-LASER excitation and metabolite-cycling enables high-resolution MRSI data to be rapidly acquired at 3 Tesla. Single-slice full-intensity MRSI data (short echo time (TE) semi-LASER TE = 32 ms) were acquired from 6 healthy volunteers with an in-plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm in 13 min 30 sec using this approach. Using LCModel analysis, we found that the acquired spectra allowed for the mapping of total N-acetylaspartate (median Cramer-Rao Lower Bound [CRLB] = 3%), glutamate+glutamine (8%), and glutathione (13%). In addition, we demonstrate potential clinical utility of this technique by optimizing the TE to detect 2-hydroxyglutarate (long TE semi-LASER, TE = 110 ms), to produce relevant high-resolution metabolite maps of grade III IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma in a single patient. This study demonstrates the potential utility of MRSI in the clinical setting at 3 Tesla.

Published
2018

14. Density‐weighted concentric rings k‐space trajectory for 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T

Author

Chiew, Mark, Jiang, Wenwen, Burns, Brian, Larson, Peder, Steel, Adam, Jezzard, Peter, Thomas, M Albert, and Emir, Uzay E

Subjects
Biomedical Imaging, Bioengineering, Rare Diseases, Adult, Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Metabolome, Phantoms, Imaging, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, echo-planar, spectroscopic imaging, concentric rings, ultra-high field, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Abstract

It has been shown that density-weighted (DW) k-space sampling with spiral and conventional phase encoding trajectories reduces spatial side lobes in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). In this study, we propose a new concentric ring trajectory (CRT) for DW-MRSI that samples k-space with a density that is proportional to a spatial, isotropic Hanning window. The properties of two different DW-CRTs were compared against a radially equidistant (RE) CRT and an echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) trajectory in simulations, phantoms and in vivo experiments. These experiments, conducted at 7 T with a fixed nominal voxel size and matched acquisition times, revealed that the two DW-CRT designs improved the shape of the spatial response function by suppressing side lobes, also resulting in improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). High-quality spectra were acquired for all trajectories from a specific region of interest in the motor cortex with an in-plane resolution of 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 in 8 min 3 s. Due to hardware limitations, high-spatial-resolution spectra with an in-plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm2 and an acquisition time of 12 min 48 s were acquired only for the RE and one of the DW-CRT trajectories and not for EPSI. For all phantom and in vivo experiments, DW-CRTs resulted in the highest SNR. The achieved in vivo spectral quality of the DW-CRT method allowed for reliable metabolic mapping of eight metabolites including N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione with Cramér-Rao lower bounds below 50%, using an LCModel analysis. Finally, high-quality metabolic mapping of a whole brain slice using DW-CRT was achieved with a high in-plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm2 in a healthy subject. These findings demonstrate that our DW-CRT MRSI technique can perform robustly on MRI systems and within a clinically feasible acquisition time.

Published
2018

15. Density-weighted concentric rings k-space trajectory for 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T.

Author

Chiew, Mark, Jiang, Wenwen, Burns, Brian, Larson, Peder, Steel, Adam, Jezzard, Peter, Albert Thomas, M, and Emir, Uzay E

Subjects
Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phantoms, Imaging, Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Adult, Female, Male, Metabolome, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, concentric rings, echo-planar, spectroscopic imaging, ultra-high field, Phantoms, Imaging, Biomedical Imaging, Rare Diseases, Bioengineering, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering
Abstract

It has been shown that density-weighted (DW) k-space sampling with spiral and conventional phase encoding trajectories reduces spatial side lobes in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). In this study, we propose a new concentric ring trajectory (CRT) for DW-MRSI that samples k-space with a density that is proportional to a spatial, isotropic Hanning window. The properties of two different DW-CRTs were compared against a radially equidistant (RE) CRT and an echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) trajectory in simulations, phantoms and in vivo experiments. These experiments, conducted at 7 T with a fixed nominal voxel size and matched acquisition times, revealed that the two DW-CRT designs improved the shape of the spatial response function by suppressing side lobes, also resulting in improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). High-quality spectra were acquired for all trajectories from a specific region of interest in the motor cortex with an in-plane resolution of 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 in 8 min 3 s. Due to hardware limitations, high-spatial-resolution spectra with an in-plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm2 and an acquisition time of 12 min 48 s were acquired only for the RE and one of the DW-CRT trajectories and not for EPSI. For all phantom and in vivo experiments, DW-CRTs resulted in the highest SNR. The achieved in vivo spectral quality of the DW-CRT method allowed for reliable metabolic mapping of eight metabolites including N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione with Cramér-Rao lower bounds below 50%, using an LCModel analysis. Finally, high-quality metabolic mapping of a whole brain slice using DW-CRT was achieved with a high in-plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm2 in a healthy subject. These findings demonstrate that our DW-CRT MRSI technique can perform robustly on MRI systems and within a clinically feasible acquisition time.

Published
2018

16. Non‐water‐suppressed short‐echo‐time magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using a concentric ring k‐space trajectory

Author

Emir, Uzay E, Burns, Brian, Chiew, Mark, Jezzard, Peter, and Thomas, M Albert

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Bioengineering, Neurosciences, Adult, Algorithms, Body Water, Brain, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Metabolome, Molecular Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, concentric rings, metabolite-cycling, non-water-suppressed, spectroscopic imaging, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Water-suppressed MRS acquisition techniques have been the standard MRS approach used in research and for clinical scanning to date. The acquisition of a non-water-suppressed MRS spectrum is used for artefact correction, reconstruction of phased-array coil data and metabolite quantification. Here, a two-scan metabolite-cycling magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) scheme that does not use water suppression is demonstrated and evaluated. Specifically, the feasibility of acquiring and quantifying short-echo (TE  = 14 ms), two-dimensional stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRSI spectra in the motor cortex is demonstrated on a 3 T MRI system. The increase in measurement time from the metabolite-cycling is counterbalanced by a time-efficient concentric ring k-space trajectory. To validate the technique, water-suppressed MRSI acquisitions were also performed for comparison. The proposed non-water-suppressed metabolite-cycling MRSI technique was tested for detection and correction of resonance frequency drifts due to subject motion and/or hardware instability, and the feasibility of high-resolution metabolic mapping over a whole brain slice was assessed. Our results show that the metabolite spectra and estimated concentrations are in agreement between non-water-suppressed and water-suppressed techniques. The achieved spectral quality, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 20 and linewidth

Published
2017

17. Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge

Author

Raman, Betty, Cassar, Mark Philip, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth M., Filippini, Nicola, Griffanti, Ludovica, Alfaro-Almagro, Fidel, Okell, Thomas, Sheerin, Fintan, Xie, Cheng, Mahmod, Masliza, Mózes, Ferenc E., Lewandowski, Adam J., Ohuma, Eric O., Holdsworth, David, Lamlum, Hanan, Woodman, Myles J., Krasopoulos, Catherine, Mills, Rebecca, McConnell, Flora A. Kennedy, Wang, Chaoyue, Arthofer, Christoph, Lange, Frederik J., Andersson, Jesper, Jenkinson, Mark, Antoniades, Charalambos, Channon, Keith M., Shanmuganathan, Mayooran, Ferreira, Vanessa M., Piechnik, Stefan K., Klenerman, Paul, Brightling, Christopher, Talbot, Nick P., Petousi, Nayia, Rahman, Najib M., Ho, Ling-Pei, Saunders, Kate, Geddes, John R., Harrison, Paul J., Pattinson, Kyle, Rowland, Matthew J., Angus, Brian J., Gleeson, Fergus, Pavlides, Michael, Koychev, Ivan, Miller, Karla L., Mackay, Clare, Jezzard, Peter, Smith, Stephen M., and Neubauer, Stefan

Published
2021
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18. Simulation‐based optimization and experimental comparison of intracranial T2‐weighted DANTE‐SPACE vessel wall imaging at 3T and 7T.

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Hess, Aaron T., and Jezzard, Peter

Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging, VOLUNTEERS, PERFECTION, VOLUNTEER service, ANGLES
Abstract

Purpose: T2‐weighted DANTE‐SPACE (Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation — Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution) sequences facilitate non‐invasive intracranial vessel wall imaging at 7T through simultaneous suppression of blood and CSF. However, the achieved vessel wall delineation depends closely on the selected sequence parameters, and little information is available about the performance of the sequence using more widely available 3T MRI. Therefore, in this paper a comprehensive DANTE‐SPACE simulation framework is used for the optimization and quantitative comparison of T2‐weighted DANTE‐SPACE at both 7T and 3T. Methods: Simulations are used to propose optimized sequence parameters at both 3T and 7T. At 7T, an additional protocol which uses a parallel transmission (pTx) shim during the DANTE preparation for improved suppression of inflowing blood is also proposed. Data at both field strengths using optimized and literature protocols are acquired and quantitatively compared in six healthy volunteers. Results: At 7T, more vessel wall signal can be retained while still achieving sufficient CSF suppression by using fewer DANTE pulses than described in previous implementations. The use of a pTx shim during DANTE at 7T provides a modest further improvement to the inner vessel wall delineation. At 3T, aggressive DANTE preparation is required to achieve CSF suppression, resulting in reduced vessel wall signal. As a result, the achievable vessel wall definition at 3T is around half that of 7T. Conclusion: Simulation‐based optimization of DANTE parameters facilitates improved T2‐weighted DANTE‐SPACE contrasts at 7T. The improved vessel definition of T2‐weighted DANTE‐SPACE at 7T makes DANTE preparation more suitable for T2‐weighted VWI at 7T than at 3T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system.

Author

Streckfuss‐Bömeke, Katrin, Kränkel, Nicolle, Maack, Christoph, Schnabel, Renate B., Zelarayán, Laura C., Frey, Norbert, Jezzard, Peter, Krüger, Martina, Lachmann, Nico, Lutz, Susanne, Noack, Claudia, Schoger, Eric, Schröder, Katrin, Sommerfeld, Laura C., Steffens, Sabine, Winkels, Holger, Würtz, Christina, Zeller, Tanja, Rog‐Zielinska, Eva A., and Kohl, Peter

Subjects
CAREER development, MEDICAL scientists, ACADEMIC employment, PHYSIOLOGISTS, ADMINISTRATIVE reform
Abstract

"Medical scientists" are postgraduate investigators who are engaged in biomedical research, and either hold a biomedical PhD or are qualified in medicine but do not participate in patient care. Medical scientists constitute ~40% of staff at medical faculties and >90% at nonuniversity medical research institutions in Germany. However, medical scientists in Germany face limited long‐term career prospects and a lack of dedicated training and support programmes. They also face time limits on their career progression arising from national academic employment legislation, and imminent reforms by the German government are likely to make this worse. Nevertheless, recent developments in the educational landscape including the introduction of increasingly focused MSc, pre‐PhD, and doctoral programmes to train medically aware basic scientists, as well as improved general recognition of the roles and relevance of medical scientists in health research, are encouraging. Physiologists have taken essential steps to improve the recognition of medical scientists in Germany by introducing a "specialist physiologist" qualification; this initiative could be applied to support medical scientists in other fields and countries. In this review, we describe the particular challenges facing medical scientists in Germany and make recommendations that may apply to other academic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Code review facility in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Author

Malik, Shaihan, Shimron, Efrat, Schauman, Sophie, Nayak, Krishna, Kumar, Prakash, Caligiuri, Maria Eugenia, Santini, Francesco, Stikov, Nikola, Bell, Laura, Montalba, Cristian, and Jezzard, Peter

Subjects
SCIENTIFIC errors, HYPERLINKS, IMAGE reconstruction, MAGNETIC resonance, COVER letters
Abstract

The article discusses the implementation of a Code Review facility in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine to promote the sharing of computer code alongside research data. Authors are encouraged to voluntarily share their code for review, focusing on ease of download/installation, quality of documentation, and functionality. The Code Review process has resulted in a significant increase in the number of papers including shared code, with 35% passing, 47.5% conditionally passing, and 17.5% failing the review. Authors who did not pass were asked to address identified errors, leading to improvements in code quality and usability. The initiative has been successful in enhancing reproducibility and the quality of shared resources in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2025
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22. Simulation-based optimization and experimental comparison of intracranial T2-weighted DANTE-SPACE vessel wall imaging at 3T and 7T

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H S, Hess, Aaron T, Jezzard, Peter, de Buck, Matthijs H S, Hess, Aaron T, and Jezzard, Peter

Abstract

PURPOSE: T2-weighted DANTE-SPACE (Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation - Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution) sequences facilitate non-invasive intracranial vessel wall imaging at 7T through simultaneous suppression of blood and CSF. However, the achieved vessel wall delineation depends closely on the selected sequence parameters, and little information is available about the performance of the sequence using more widely available 3T MRI. Therefore, in this paper a comprehensive DANTE-SPACE simulation framework is used for the optimization and quantitative comparison of T2-weighted DANTE-SPACE at both 7T and 3T.METHODS: Simulations are used to propose optimized sequence parameters at both 3T and 7T. At 7T, an additional protocol which uses a parallel transmission (pTx) shim during the DANTE preparation for improved suppression of inflowing blood is also proposed. Data at both field strengths using optimized and literature protocols are acquired and quantitatively compared in six healthy volunteers.RESULTS: At 7T, more vessel wall signal can be retained while still achieving sufficient CSF suppression by using fewer DANTE pulses than described in previous implementations. The use of a pTx shim during DANTE at 7T provides a modest further improvement to the inner vessel wall delineation. At 3T, aggressive DANTE preparation is required to achieve CSF suppression, resulting in reduced vessel wall signal. As a result, the achievable vessel wall definition at 3T is around half that of 7T.CONCLUSION: Simulation-based optimization of DANTE parameters facilitates improved T2-weighted DANTE-SPACE contrasts at 7T. The improved vessel definition of T2-weighted DANTE-SPACE at 7T makes DANTE preparation more suitable for T2-weighted VWI at 7T than at 3T.

Published
2024

23. An extended phase graph-based framework for DANTE-SPACE simulations including physiological, temporal, and spatial variations

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H S, Jezzard, Peter, Hess, Aaron T, de Buck, Matthijs H S, Jezzard, Peter, and Hess, Aaron T

Abstract

PURPOSE: The delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation (DANTE)-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts (SPACE) sequence facilitates 3D intracranial vessel wall imaging with simultaneous suppression of blood and CSF. However, the achieved image contrast depends closely on the selected sequence parameters, and the clinical use of the sequence is limited in vivo by observed signal variations in the vessel wall, CSF, and blood. This paper introduces a comprehensive DANTE-SPACE simulation framework, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the underlying contrast mechanisms and facilitating improved parameter selection and contrast optimization.METHODS: An extended phase graph formalism was developed for efficient spin ensemble simulation of the DANTE-SPACE sequence. Physiological processes such as pulsatile flow velocity variation, varying flow directions, intravoxel velocity variation, diffusion, and B 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ effects were included in the framework to represent the mechanisms behind the achieved signal levels accurately.RESULTS: Intravoxel velocity variation improved temporal stability and robustness against small velocity changes. Time-varying pulsatile velocity variation affected CSF simulations, introducing periods of near-zero velocity and partial rephasing. Inclusion of diffusion effects was found to substantially reduce the CSF signal. Blood flow trajectory variations had minor effects, but B 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ differences along the trajectory reduced DANTE efficiency in low- B 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ areas. Introducing low-velocity pulsatility of both CSF and vessel wall helped explain the in vivo observed signal heterogeneity in both tissue types.CONCLUSION: The presented simulation framework facilitates a more comprehensive optimization of DANTE-SPACE sequence parameters. Furthermore, the simulation framework helps to explain observed contrasts in acquired dat

Published
2024

26. Post-COVID cognitive deficits at one year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and grey matter volume reduction: national prospective study

Author

Michael, Benedict, primary, Wood, Greta, additional, Sargent, Brendan, additional, Ahmad, Zain-Ul-Abideen, additional, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharamini, additional, Dunai, Cordelia, additional, Egbe, Franklyn, additional, Martin, Naomi, additional, Facer, Bethany, additional, Pendered, Sophie, additional, Rogers, Henry, additional, Hübel, Christopher, additional, Wamelen, Daniel van, additional, Bethlehem, Richard, additional, Giunchiglia, Valentina, additional, Hellyer, Peter, additional, Trender, William, additional, Kalsi, Gursharan, additional, Needham, Edward, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Jackson, Thomas, additional, Cunningham, Colm, additional, Upthegrove, Rachel, additional, Pollak, Thomas, additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Pett, Sarah, additional, Shaw, Pamela, additional, Wood, Nicholas, additional, Harrison, Neil, additional, Miller, Karla, additional, Jezzard, Peter, additional, Williams, Guy, additional, Duff, Eugene, additional, Williams, Steven, additional, Zelaya, Fernando, additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Keller, Simon, additional, Broome, Matthew, additional, Kingston, Nathalie, additional, Husain, Masud, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Bradley, John, additional, Chinnery, Patrick, additional, Menon, David, additional, Aggleton, John, additional, Nicholson, Timothy, additional, Taylor, John-Paul, additional, David, Anthony, additional, Carson, Alan, additional, Bullmore, Edward, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Hampshire, Adam, additional, Paddick, Stella-Maria, additional, corsortium, COVID-CNS, additional, and Leek, Charles, additional

Published
2024
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31. Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people

Author

Taylor, Kurt, Eastwood, Sophie, Walker, Venexia, Cezard, Genevieve, Knight, Rochelle, Al Arab, Marwa, Wei, Yinghui, Horne, Elsie M F, Teece, Lucy, Forbes, Harriet, Walker, Alex, Fisher, Louis, Massey, Jon, Hopcroft, Lisa E M, Palmer, Tom, Cuitun Coronado, Jose, Ip, Samantha, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Morton, Caroline, Greaves, Felix, Macleod, John, Goldacre, Ben, Wood, Angela, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Sterne, Jonathan A C, Denholm, Rachel, Al Arab, Marwa, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Andrews, Colm, Badrick, Ellena, Baz, Sarah, Beckford, Chelsea, Berman, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Booth, Charlotte, Bowyer, Ruth, Boyd, Andy, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Brophy, Sinead, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Kirsteen C, Carnemolla, Alisia, Carpentieri, Jd, Cezard, Genevieve, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Cheetham, Nathan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Crane, Matthew, Cuitun Coronado, Jose Ignacio, Curtis, Helen, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Katharine M, Fang, Chao, Ferreira, Vanessa, Finnigan, Lucy, Fisher, Louis, Flaig, Robin, Folarin, Amos, Forbes, Harriet, Foster, Diane, Fox, Laura, Freydin, Maxim, Garcia, Paz, Gibson, Andy, Glen, Fiona, Goldacre, Ben, Goncalves Soares, Ana, Greaves, Felix, Green, Amelia, Green, Mark, Green, Michael, Griffith, Gareth, Hamill Howes, Lee, Hamilton, Olivia, Herbet, Annie, Herrett, Emily, Hopcroft, Lisa, Horne, Elsie, Hou, Bo, Hughes, Alun, Hulme, William, Huntley, Lizzie, Ip, Samantha, Jacques, Wels, Jezzard, Peter, Jones, Louise, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Karthikeyan Suseeladevi, Arun, Katikireddi, Vittal, Kellas, John, Kennedy, Jonathan I, Kibble, Milla, Knight, Rochelle, Knueppel, Anika, Kopasker, Daniel, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kwong, Alex, Langan, Sinead, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Lukaschuk, Elena, Mackenna, Brain, Macleod, John, Maddock, Jane, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, McArdle, Fintan, McCartney, Daniel, McEachan, Rosie, McElroy, Eoin, McLachlan, Stela, Mitchell, Ruth, Moltrecht, Bettina, Morley, Jess, Nab, Linda, Neubauer, Stefan, Nigrelli, Lidia, North, Teri, Northstone, Kate, Oakley, Jacqui, Palmer, Tom, Park, Chloe, Parker, Michael, Parsons, Sam, Patalay, Praveetha, Patel, Kishan, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piechnik, Stefan, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Ploubidis, George, Rafeti, Elena, Raman, Betty, Ranjan, Yatharth, Rapala, Alicja, Rhead, Rebecca, Roberts, Amy, Sampri, Alexia, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Santorelli, Gillian, Saunders, Laura C, Shah, Anoop, Shah, Syed Ahmar, Sharp, Steve, Shaw, Richard, Sheard, Laura, Sheikh, Aziz, Silverwood, Richard, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Stephen, Stafford, Jean, Steptoe, Andrew, Sterne, Jonathan, Steves, Claire, Stewart, Callum, Taylor, Kurt, Tazare, John, Teece, Lucy, Thomas, Richard, Thompson, Ellen, Tilling, Kate, Timpson, Nicholas, Tomlinson, Laurie, Toms, Renin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Turner, Emma L, Walker, Alex, Walker, Venexia, Walter, Scott, Wang, Kevin, Wei, Yinghui, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Wild, James M, Willan, Kathryn, Willans, Robert, Williams, Dylan, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Angela, Woodward, Hannah, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, Zaninotto, Paola, Zheng, Bang, and Zhu, Jingmin

Abstract

Some studies have shown that the incidence of type 2 diabetes increases after a diagnosis of COVID-19, although the evidence is not conclusive. However, the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on this association, or the effect on other diabetes subtypes, are not clear. We aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 and incidence of type 2, type 1, gestational and non-specific diabetes, and the effect of COVID- 19 vaccination, up to 52 weeks after diagnosis.

Published
2024
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39. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Costello, Ruth E., primary, Tazare, John, additional, Piehlmaier, Dominik, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, Parker, Edward P.K., additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn E., additional, Henderson, Alasdair D., additional, Carreira, Helena, additional, Bidulka, Patrick, additional, Wong, Angel Y.S., additional, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, additional, Hayes, Joseph F., additional, Quint, Jennifer K., additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Eggo, Rosalind M., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie, additional, Langan, Sinéad M., additional, Mathur, Rohini, additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Park, Chloe, additional, Carnemolla, Alisia, additional, Williams, Dylan, additional, Knueppel, Anika, additional, Boyd, Andy, additional, Turner, Emma L., additional, Evans, Katharine M., additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, Berman, Samantha, additional, McLachlan, Stela, additional, Crane, Matthew, additional, Whitehorn, Rebecca, additional, Oakley, Jacqui, additional, Foster, Diane, additional, Woodward, Hannah, additional, Campbell, Kirsteen C., additional, Timpson, Nicholas, additional, Kwong, Alex, additional, Soares, Ana Goncalves, additional, Griffith, Gareth, additional, Toms, Renin, additional, Jones, Louise, additional, Annie, Herbert, additional, Mitchell, Ruth, additional, Palmer, Tom, additional, Sterne, Jonathan, additional, Walker, Venexia, additional, Huntley, Lizzie, additional, Fox, Laura, additional, Denholm, Rachel, additional, Knight, Rochelle, additional, Northstone, Kate, additional, Kanagaratnam, Arun, additional, Horne, Elsie, additional, Forbes, Harriet, additional, North, Teri, additional, Taylor, Kurt, additional, Arab, Marwa A.L., additional, Walker, Scott, additional, Coronado, Jose I.C., additional, Karthikeyan, Arun S., additional, Ploubidis, George, additional, Moltrecht, Bettina, additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Parsons, Sam, additional, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, additional, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, additional, Steves, Claire, additional, Thompson, Ellen, additional, Garcia, Paz, additional, Cheetham, Nathan, additional, Bowyer, Ruth, additional, Freydin, Maxim, additional, Roberts, Amy, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Walker, Alex, additional, Morley, Jess, additional, Hulme, William, additional, Nab, Linda, additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Andrews, Colm, additional, Curtis, Helen, additional, Hopcroft, Lisa, additional, Green, Amelia, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Patel, Kishan, additional, Stafford, Jean, additional, Jacques, Wels, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Macleod, John, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Shah, Anoop, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Denaxas, Spiros, additional, Flaig, Robin, additional, McCartney, Daniel, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Cowling, Thomas, additional, Mansfield, Kate, additional, Costello, Ruth E., additional, Wang, Kevin, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Douglas, Ian, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, Brophy, Sinead, additional, Parker, Michael, additional, Kennedy, Jonathan, additional, McEachan, Rosie, additional, Wright, John, additional, Willan, Kathryn, additional, Badrick, Ellena, additional, Santorelli, Gillian, additional, Yang, Tiffany, additional, Hou, Bo, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Giorgio, Di Gessa, additional, Zhu, Jingmin, additional, Zaninotto, Paola, additional, Wood, Angela, additional, Cezard, Genevieve, additional, Ip, Samantha, additional, Bolton, Tom, additional, Sampri, Alexia, additional, Rafeti, Elena, additional, Almaghrabi, Fatima, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shah, Syed A., additional, Katikireddi, Vittal, additional, Shaw, Richard, additional, Hamilton, Olivia, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Kromydas, Theocharis, additional, Kopasker, Daniel, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Willans, Robert, additional, Glen, Fiona, additional, Sharp, Steve, additional, Hughes, Alun, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Howes, Lee Hamill, additional, Rapala, Alicja, additional, Nigrelli, Lidia, additional, McArdle, Fintan, additional, Beckford, Chelsea, additional, Raman, Betty, additional, Dobson, Richard, additional, Folarin, Amos, additional, Stewart, Callum, additional, Ranjan, Yatharth, additional, Carpentieri, Jd, additional, Sheard, Laura, additional, Fang, Chao, additional, Baz, Sarah, additional, Gibson, Andy, additional, Kellas, John, additional, Neubauer, Stefan, additional, Piechnik, Stefan, additional, Lukaschuk, Elena, additional, Saunders, Laura C., additional, Wild, James M., additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Jezzard, Peter, additional, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, additional, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, additional, Finnigan, Lucy, additional, Ferreira, Vanessa, additional, Green, Mark, additional, Rhead, Rebecca, additional, Kibble, Milla, additional, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Lemanska, Agnieszka, additional, Perez-Reche, Francisco, additional, Teece, Lucy, additional, Parker, Edward, additional, Walker, Alex J., additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Curtis, Helen J., additional, Morton, Caroline E., additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., additional, Hickman, George, additional, Croker, Richard, additional, Evans, David, additional, Ward, Tom, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Green, Amelia C.A., additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Hulme, William J., additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., additional, Drysdale, Henry, additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Park, Robin Y., additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Macdonald, Orla, additional, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Wood, Christopher, additional, Brown, Andrew D., additional, Speed, Victoria, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Rentsch, Christopher T., additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth J., additional, McDonald, Helen I., additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, Grieve, Richard, additional, Grint, Daniel J., additional, Douglas, Ian J., additional, Evans, Stephen J.W., additional, Walker, Jemma L., additional, Cowling, Thomas E., additional, Herrett, Emily L., additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Cockburn, Jonathan, additional, Parry, John, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, Harper, Sam, additional, O'Hanlon, Shaun, additional, Eavis, Alex, additional, Jarvis, Richard, additional, Avramov, Dima, additional, Griffiths, Paul, additional, Fowles, Aaron, additional, Parkes, Nasreen, additional, Nicholson, Brian, additional, Perera, Rafael, additional, Harrison, David, additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, Sterne, Jonathan AC., additional, and Quint, Jennifer, additional

Published
2023
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40. A temperature-controlled cooling system for accurate quantitative post-mortem MRI

Author

Rieger, Sebastian, Hess, Aaron, Ji, Yang, Rodgers, Christopher, Jezzard, Peter, Miller, Karla L, We, Wenchuan, Rodgers, Christopher [0000-0003-1275-1197], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Abstract

Purpose: To develop a temperature-controlled cooling system to facilitate accurate quantitative post-mortem MRI and enable scanning of unfixed tissue. Methods: A water cooling system was built and integrated with a 7T scanner to minimize temperature drift during MRI scans. The system was optimized for operational convenience and rapid deployment to ensure efficient workflow, which is critical for scanning unfixed post-mortem samples. The performance of the system was evaluated using a 7-hour diffusion MRI protocol at 7T with a porcine tissue sample. Quantitative T1, T2 and apparent diffusivity coefficient (ADC) maps were interspersed with the diffusion scans at seven different time points to investigate the temperature dependence of MRI tissue parameters. The impact of temperature changes on biophysical model fitting of diffusion MRI data was investigated using simulation. Results: Tissue T1, T2 and ADC values remained stable throughout the diffusion MRI scan using the developed cooling system, but varied substantially using a conventional scan setup without temperature control. The cooling system enabled accurate estimation of biophysical model parameters by stabilizing the tissue temperature throughout the diffusion scan, while the conventional setup showed evidence of significantly biased estimation. Conclusion: A temperature-controlled cooling system was developed to tackle the challenge of heating in post-mortem imaging, which shows potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of quantitative post-mortem imaging and enables long scans of unfixed tissue.

Published
2023
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43. Reliability of multi-site UK Biobank MRI brain phenotypes for the assessment of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The COVID-CNS travelling heads study

Author

Duff, Eugene, Zelaya, Fernando, Almagro, Fidel Alfaro, Miller, Karla L, Martin, Naomi, Nichols, Thomas E, Taschler, Bernd, Griffanti, Ludovica, Arthofer, Christoph, Douaud, Gwenaëlle, Wang, Chaoyue, Okell, Thomas W, Bethlehem, Richard AI, Eickel, Klaus, Günther, Matthias, Menon, David K, Williams, Guy, Facer, Bethany, Lythgoe, David J, Dell'Acqua, Flavio, Wood, Greta K, Williams, Steven CR, Houston, Gavin, Keller, Simon S, Holden, Catherine, Hartmann, Monika, George, Lily, Breen, Gerome, Michael, Benedict D, Jezzard, Peter, Smith, Stephen M, Bullmore, Edward T, COVID-CNS Consortium, Duff, Eugene [0000-0001-8795-5472], Taschler, Bernd [0000-0001-6574-4789], Arthofer, Christoph [0000-0003-1474-9963], Okell, Thomas W [0000-0001-8258-0659], Bethlehem, Richard AI [0000-0002-0714-0685], Eickel, Klaus [0000-0002-5700-2029], Williams, Guy [0000-0001-5223-6654], Facer, Bethany [0000-0001-9214-8229], Jezzard, Peter [0000-0001-7912-2251], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Medicine and health sciences, Research and analysis methods, Phenotype, Biology and life sciences, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Brain, COVID-19, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, United Kingdom, Biological Specimen Banks, Research Article
Abstract

Acknowledgements: We thank the volunteers who participated in the travelling heads study and the radiography staff who collected data at all four sites. We thank Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, for provision of the Siemens 3D-GRASE ASL sequence., Funder: National Institute for Health Research; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272, Funder: Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust, Cambridge University Hospitals; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002927, Funder: NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013373, INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain could be a key diagnostic and research tool for understanding the neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19. For maximum impact, multi-modal MRI protocols will be needed to measure the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain by diverse potentially pathogenic mechanisms, and with high reliability across multiple sites and scanner manufacturers. Here we describe the development of such a protocol, based upon the UK Biobank, and its validation with a travelling heads study. A multi-modal brain MRI protocol comprising sequences for T1-weighted MRI, T2-FLAIR, diffusion MRI (dMRI), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (swMRI), and arterial spin labelling (ASL), was defined in close approximation to prior UK Biobank (UKB) and C-MORE protocols for Siemens 3T systems. We iteratively defined a comparable set of sequences for General Electric (GE) 3T systems. To assess multi-site feasibility and between-site variability of this protocol, N = 8 healthy participants were each scanned at 4 UK sites: 3 using Siemens PRISMA scanners (Cambridge, Liverpool, Oxford) and 1 using a GE scanner (King's College London). Over 2,000 Imaging Derived Phenotypes (IDPs), measuring both data quality and regional image properties of interest, were automatically estimated by customised UKB image processing pipelines (S2 File). Components of variance and intra-class correlations (ICCs) were estimated for each IDP by linear mixed effects models and benchmarked by comparison to repeated measurements of the same IDPs from UKB participants. Intra-class correlations for many IDPs indicated good-to-excellent between-site reliability. Considering only data from the Siemens sites, between-site reliability generally matched the high levels of test-retest reliability of the same IDPs estimated in repeated, within-site, within-subject scans from UK Biobank. Inclusion of the GE site resulted in good-to-excellent reliability for many IDPs, although there were significant between-site differences in mean and scaling, and reduced ICCs, for some classes of IDP, especially T1 contrast and some dMRI-derived measures. We also identified high reliability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) IDPs derived from swMRI images, multi-network ICA-based IDPs from resting-state fMRI, and olfactory bulb structure IDPs from T1, T2-FLAIR and dMRI data. CONCLUSION: These results give confidence that large, multi-site MRI datasets can be collected reliably at different sites across the diverse range of MRI modalities and IDPs that could be mechanistically informative in COVID brain research. We discuss limitations of the study and strategies for further harmonisation of data collected from sites using scanners supplied by different manufacturers. These acquisition and analysis protocols are now in use for MRI assessments of post-COVID patients (N = 700) as part of the ongoing COVID-CNS study.

Published
2022
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44. Head‐and‐neck multichannel B1+ mapping and RF shimming of the carotid arteries using a 7T parallel‐transmit head coil.

Author

de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Kent, James L., Jezzard, Peter, and Hess, Aaron T.

Subjects
CAROTID artery, HEAD, DATA mapping, NECK
Abstract

Purpose: Neurovascular MRI suffers from a rapid drop in B1+ into the neck when using transmit head coils at 7 T. One solution to improving B1+ magnitude in the major feeding arteries in the neck is to use custom RF shims on parallel‐transmit head coils. However, calculating such shims requires robust multichannel B1+ maps in both the head and the neck, which is challenging due to low RF penetration into the neck, limited dynamic range of multichannel B1+ mapping techniques, and B0 sensitivity. We therefore sought a robust, large‐dynamic‐range, parallel‐transmit field mapping protocol and tested whether RF shimming can improve carotid artery B1+ magnitude in practice. Methods: A pipeline is presented that combines B1+ mapping data acquired using circularly polarized (CP) and CP2‐mode RF shims at multiple voltages. The pipeline was evaluated by comparing the predicted and measured B1+ for multiple random transmit shims, and by assessing the ability of RF shimming to increase B1+ in the carotid arteries. Results: The proposed method achieved good agreement between predicted and measured B1+ in both the head and the neck. The B1+ magnitude in the carotid arteries can be increased by 43% using tailored RF shims or by 37% using universal RF shims, while also improving the RF homogeneity compared with CP mode. Conclusion: B1+ in the neck can be increased using RF shims calculated from multichannel B1+ maps in both the head and the neck. This can be achieved using universal phase‐only RF shims, facilitating easy implementation in existing sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. Supplementary Figure S1 from Noninvasive Quantification of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Human Gliomas with IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations

Author

Emir, Uzay E., primary, Larkin, Sarah J., primary, de Pennington, Nick, primary, Voets, Natalie, primary, Plaha, Puneet, primary, Stacey, Richard, primary, Al-Qahtani, Khalid, primary, Mccullagh, James, primary, Schofield, Christopher J., primary, Clare, Stuart, primary, Jezzard, Peter, primary, Cadoux-Hudson, Tom, primary, and Ansorge, Olaf, primary

Published
2023
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47. Data from Noninvasive Quantification of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Human Gliomas with IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations

Author

Emir, Uzay E., primary, Larkin, Sarah J., primary, de Pennington, Nick, primary, Voets, Natalie, primary, Plaha, Puneet, primary, Stacey, Richard, primary, Al-Qahtani, Khalid, primary, Mccullagh, James, primary, Schofield, Christopher J., primary, Clare, Stuart, primary, Jezzard, Peter, primary, Cadoux-Hudson, Tom, primary, and Ansorge, Olaf, primary

Published
2023
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48. Supplementary Methods and References from Noninvasive Quantification of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Human Gliomas with IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations

Author

Emir, Uzay E., primary, Larkin, Sarah J., primary, de Pennington, Nick, primary, Voets, Natalie, primary, Plaha, Puneet, primary, Stacey, Richard, primary, Al-Qahtani, Khalid, primary, Mccullagh, James, primary, Schofield, Christopher J., primary, Clare, Stuart, primary, Jezzard, Peter, primary, Cadoux-Hudson, Tom, primary, and Ansorge, Olaf, primary

Published
2023
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49. Supplementary Figure Legends from Noninvasive Quantification of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Human Gliomas with IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations

Author

Emir, Uzay E., primary, Larkin, Sarah J., primary, de Pennington, Nick, primary, Voets, Natalie, primary, Plaha, Puneet, primary, Stacey, Richard, primary, Al-Qahtani, Khalid, primary, Mccullagh, James, primary, Schofield, Christopher J., primary, Clare, Stuart, primary, Jezzard, Peter, primary, Cadoux-Hudson, Tom, primary, and Ansorge, Olaf, primary

Published
2023
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