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Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is now achieving increasing attention in security inspection owning to its non-destructiveness and deep penetrability of most packaging materials, such as leather, wood and wrapper. However, two major obstacles remain in spectral classification of liquid contraband: the complex components in some contraband and the spectral overlapping effect in similar types of contraband. In this paper, we establish two THz classification datasets and propose a real-time multi-class and multi-concentration liquid contraband spectral classification framework based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). The framework can not only identify contraband with complex components but also classify different concentrations of contraband. We also evaluate the robustness of the framework in different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm (CNN) achieves the best performance compared with other deep learning and machine learning algorithms. It can be concluded that THz spectroscopy together with CNN is a promising technique for the classification of liquid contraband.

Mongolians have a long history of using prescriptions, which can be classified into four stages as follows: the germination and experience accumulation stage before the 13 th century, the theoretical formation stage from the 13 th to 16 th century, the rapid development stage from the 17 th to 20 th century, and the leaping development stage from the mid-20 th century to the present. The prescriptions from the ancient classical or representative medical books have always been used by Mongolian physicians for generations, and they are still in use due to the definite curative effects. In 2008, the Notice on Issuing the Supplementary Provisions to the Registration and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) described that China has attached more importance to the excavation and development of classical prescriptions. As stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classical prescriptions should be those available in ancient TCM classics and still in wide use, with exact curative effects, distinct features, and obvious advantages. This paper expounded the historical formation and development of classical prescriptions in Mongo-lian medicine, introduced the five most influential ancient medical books revealing the formation and development of these classic prescriptions, and traced the origin of such classical prescriptions as Wenguanmu Siwei Decoction, Shouzhangshen Bawei Decoction, Jianghuang Siwei Decoction and summarized the origin, development history and characteristics of classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine, aiming to provide a reference for their further research and development.

Background There are growing number of researches have shown that mesoderm posterior basic helix-loop helix (BHLH) transcription factor 1 (MESP1) plays a crucial role in the development of tumors. However, its expression pattern and function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. Methods MESP1 expression and biological process were investigated in NSCLC based on bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA or protein expression levels of MESP1 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) assay in NSCLC cells and clinical tissue samples. Then, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference to knocking down expression of gene in NSCLC cells. Cell proliferation was performed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony forming assay and real-time cell analyzer (RTCA); transwell chambers and RTCA were used to analysis cell migration and invasion. Besides, analyses of the cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured via BD JAZZ flow cytometric analysis. All the experiments were repeated ≥3 times. And analyses were performed using SPSS software version 21.0 and GraphPad Prism 6.0. P

Background This study aims to screen and identify the biological functions and prognostic value of CXC chemokines in ovarian cancer (OC) through bioinformatics and molecular biology methods, and to provide data support for the selection of biomarkers and prognostic analysis of OC. Methods In this study, GEO, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Metascape, STRING, TRRUST, and TIMER databases were used to study CXC chemokines. Angiogenesis and T cell killing assay were used to detect the effect of CXCL10 on tumor cell immunity and angiogenesis. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting, and ectopic tumor formation experiments were used to verify the effect of CXCL10 on ovarian cancer tumors. Results We found that CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, and CXCL14 were significantly upregulated in OC samples compared with normal tissues. Our data showed that there was a relationship between the expression of CXC chemokines and the infiltration of six types of immune cells significant correlation. In vitro assay confirmed that overexpression of CXCL10 could enhance the killing effect of T cells and inhibit angiogenesis. Further in vivo assay had shown that CXCL10 could affect the progression of ovarian cancer by increasing the expression of cytotoxic T cells and inhibiting angiogenesis. Conclusion In conclusion, we hope that our data will provide new insights into the development of immunotherapy and the selection of prognostic markers for patients with OC.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. Oncomine database analysis of the expression of different chemokines. Supplementary Figure 2. The prognostic value of different expressed CXC chemokines in OC patients in the disease free survival curve. Supplementary Figure 3 GO and pathway analysis of CXC chemokines related genes using Metascape database.

Additional file 1: Supplementary table 1. Primer sequence.

Phytochemical investigation of the stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl led to the isolation of 13 lignans (4–12, 14–17) and four phenolic compounds (1–3, 13), in which a new lignan (14) was isolated from this plant and compounds 5 and 6 were found for the first time in the genus Syringa. Lignans are major compounds in this plant, which may be used as chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Syringa.

Malva verticillata L. (M. verticillata) is an edible medicinal plant. Its dry, mature seeds are used in Traditional Mongolian Medicine. Nevertheless, detailed information regarding its chemical composition remains scarce. In this study, nineteen compounds were identified preliminarily using a UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE method. All of the compounds from M. verticillata are reported for the first time. M. verticillata is shown to be a rich source of phenolics, and the total phenolic content in the leaves, stems and seeds is 110.32 ± 3.45 mg GAE/g extract, 97.98 ± 4.19 mg GAE/g extract and 40.85 ± 7.63 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The leaves are ideal for scavenging ABTS free radicals and possess ferric reducing antioxidant power, and the seeds are ideal for scavenging DPPH free radicals. M. verticillata is a rich source of natural antioxidants. These findings support the notion that M. verticillata is a functional food and can be used in nutraceutical applications.

An investigation of ethyl acetate extracts from Syringa pinnatifolia has led to the isolation of one new lignan (1) together with three known compounds (2–4). The structures of compounds 1–4 were identified by UV, IR, ESI-MS, and 1D NMR and 2D NMR. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the compounds for the radical scavenging capacity. All of the compounds showed strong antioxidant activity.

A new megastigmane glycoside, together with two known compounds, has been isolated from the flowers of Hosta plantaginea. The structure elucidation of the new compound was carried out by 1D (1H and 13C NMR) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectral analysis. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the three compounds were evaluated against various bacteria, and their radical scavenging capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH).

Urtica L. has been long used for gout in traditional Tibetan medicine and is closely related to the effect of reducing uric acid. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd. (UW) on lowering uric acid and its mechanism by using HK2 cells and hyperuricemia mouse model. Petroleum ether extract (UWP), ethyl acetate extract (UWE), n-butanol extract (UWB), and alcohol-soluble extract (UWA) from UW were prepared, and HK2 cells were treated with various parts extracts to observe the expression of uric acid transporter at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Moreover, hyperuricemia mice were administered orally various parts extracts at 0.78 and 2.34 g/kg (crude drug dose converted by extraction rate) to observe the change of hepatic XOD, serum ADA, renal function, and uric acid transporter. In vitro experiments showed that UWA can remarkably elevate OAT1 expression and decrease URAT1 expression in HK2 cells. In vivo experiments showed that UWP, UWE, UWB, and UWA showed remarkable activity in reducing uric acid, rendering a substantial decline in the SUA level in hyperuricemia mice. Compared with the hyperuricemia and allopurinol groups, UWB and UWA had significant protective effects on renal injury. At the same time, UWA can significantly reduce the activity of XOD and ADA, reduce the expression of URAT1, and increase the expression of OAT1. These results indicated that UWA had an outstanding uric acid lowering effect and did not affect renal function. This may be related to increased uric acid excretion and decreased uric acid production, mediated by renal OAT1, URAT1, liver XOD, and serum ADA. UWA may be a potential drug against hyperuricemia.

This paper deals with the application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method to rapidly determine and analyze the chemical constituents of methanol extract of Urtica hyperborea. We employed UPLC YMC-Triart C18(2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 9 μm) column to UPLC analysis with acetonitrile-water(containing 0. 4% formic acid) in gradient as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0. 3 m L·min-1 gradient elution and column temperature was 30℃; the injection volume was 4 μL. ESI ion source was used to ensure the data collected in anegative ion mode. The chemical components of U. hyperborea were identified through retention time,exact relative molecular mass,cleavage fragments of MS/MS and reported data.The results indicated that a total of 31 compounds were identified,including 8 flavonoids,14 phenolic compounds,8 phenylpropanoids(4 coumarins and 4 lignans),and 1 steroidal compound,13 of which were confirmed by comparison. The UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS method could rapid identify the chemical components of U. hyperborea. The above compounds were discovered in U. hyperborea for the first time,which could provide theoretical foundation for further research on the basis of the pharmacodynamics of U. hyperborea.

From the leaves of Isatis indigotica Fortune, one new alkaloid, namely (2E)-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-hydroxy-3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene) acetamide (1), together with four known ones, such as phaitanthrin D (2), methyl quindoline-11-carboxylate (3), cephalandole B (4) and 2,2-di (3-indolyl)-3-indolone (5) were isolated and identified. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS together with 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 were obtained from this genus for the first time. Chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds is described herein.

The commonly agreed Zipf-like access pattern of Web work-loads is mainly based on Internet measurements when text-based content dominated the Web traffic. However, with dramatic increase of VoD media traffic on the Internet such as Flash P2P, the inconsistency between the access patterns of media objects and the Zipf model has been observed in a number of studies. Recently, many researcher has mentioned take long tail effect as a replacement of Zipf law. An insightful understanding of media access patterns is useful for guiding Internet system design and management, including resource provisioning and performance optimizations. In this paper, we have studied a large variety of media work-loads collected from both browser and server sides in Adobe Flash P2P systems which applied in Youku, Youtube etc. Through extensive analysis and modeling, we find the object reference ranks of all these workloads follow the logistic (LOG) distribution despite their different media systems and delivery methods, This mean it does not follow long tail effect; We have further analyzed the effectiveness of media caching with a mathematical model.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dendritic cells (DCs) and small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to analyze the phenotype of peripheral blood DCs in 47 cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 15 healthy controls. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was determined by lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT). A basal breath hydrogen >20 ppm or arise by >12 ppm above baseline following lactulose administration was taken as positive test. LHBT aggregate value, as another indicator to evaluate the growth of the small intestinal bacteria, is the sum of the LHBT within 90 min. Plasma total bilirubin and plasma albumin were measured in all subjects. Data analysis was using SPSS 17.0. Results: Of the 47 cirrhotics, 22 (46.8%) had SIBO, compared to healthy controls (6.7%; P= 0.005).The prevalence of SIBO increased with Child Pugh classification of cirrhosis (A18.2%, B 43.8% and C65.0%). The prevalence of SIBO in cirrhotic patients of Child Pugh class B and C was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P=0.037; P=0.001). While the prevalence of SIBO in cirrhotic patients of Child Pugh class A was no statistically significant than that of healthy controls (P=0.556). The prevalence of SIBO in cirrhotic patients of de compensatory phase was significantly higher than that of compensatory phase (χ2 = 4.727, P=0.030). The plasma total bilirubin was positively correlated with LHBT aggregate value (r=0.907, P=0.000), While plasma albumin was negatively correlated (Ir= 0.810 P=0.000). The expressions of CD1a, CD80, CD83 on the surface of DCs in cirrhotic patients were all significant lower than that in healthy controls (P

Two isoflavane glycoside had been isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao. This is the first report on the structure elucidation of 2′,5′-dicarbonyl-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavanequinone-7- O -β- d -glucoside ( 1 ) based on spectroscopic methods including UV (Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry), IR (Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy), ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry), 1D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) and 2D NMR techniques. At the same time, antimicrobial activity of the two compounds was evaluated against various bacteria and fungi.

Flavonoid and biflavonoid glycosides have been isolated from the n-BuOH extract of Artemisia frigida Willd. This is the first report on the structure elucidation of two new compounds based on spectroscopic methods including ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), ESI–MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The new compounds were investigated for their effect against inflammation induced by egg albumin and carrageenan in rats. .

Phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao resulted to the isolation of two new compounds, 1-hydroxy-5-methylolbenzol-2- O -β- d -glucoside ( 1 ) and (3R, 4R)-4,7-hydroxy-2′,3′-dimethoxyisoflavane-4′- O -β- d -glucoside ( 2 ). The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, ESI–MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques, and by comparison with those reported in the literature. The new compounds were investigated for its effect against inflammation induced by egg-albumin and carrageenan in rats.

An investigation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigida Willd.(A. frigida) led to the isolation of three new flavonoid glycosides together with three known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectral experiments. At the same time, high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method was used for the simultaneous determination of the six flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of A. frigida. The separation by gradient elution was performed on a Hypersil ODS-2 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 30 °C with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase, and monitored by absorbance at 276 nm. The parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity of the method were evaluated. The recovery of the method is 96.50%–98.01%, and linearity(r>0.9992) was obtained for all the flavonoid glycosides. A high degree of specificity as well as repeatability and reproducibility(relative standard deviation values less than 2.0%) were also achieved. This assay was applied to the determination of six flavonoid glycosides in ten samples. The results indicate that the developed assay method was rapid, accurate, reliable and could be readily utilized as a quantitative analysis method for A. frigida.

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. and their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Methods The CHCl 3 -soluble fraction was separated by chromatography, and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral experiments. Antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated against various bacteria and fungi. Results Two new sesquiterpenes, guai-9-en-4β-ol ( 1 ) and 14, 15-dinorguai-1, 11-dien-9, 10-dione ( 2 ) were isolated from the stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. var. alashanensis . Compound 1 is more active against Bacillus coagulas , while being less active against Proteus vulgaris . Compound 2 shows good activity against Escherichia coli , and is less active against Staphylococcus aureus . Conclusions Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and when evaluated against various bacteria showed good results.

Two new neolignans, syripinnalignins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. var. alashanensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques.

Two new lignans, syripinnalignans A and B (1 and 2), together with two known lignans, were isolated from the stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. Var. alashanensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

The investigation of EtOAc-soluble fraction from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigida has led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides, named as artemofriginoside A and artemofriginoside B. Their structures were characterized as 3β-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-8β-(p-hydroxyphenylacetyloxy)-4(15),10(14),11(13)-guaiatrien-1α,5β,6β,7αH-12,6-olide (1) and β-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-8β-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)-4(15),10(14),11(13)-guaiatrien-1α,5β,6β,7αH-12,6-olide (2), on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.

An investigation of the n-BuOH-soluble fraction from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigida has led to the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, named friginoside A and friginoside B. Their structures were characterized as 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxy flavone 7-O-β-d-glucuronide (1) and 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone 7-O-β-d-glucuronyl-(1 → 2)O-β-d-glucuronide (2) on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.