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In this paper, for the sake of enhancing the security of wireless transmission, we proposed a novel system based on spatial and direction modulation (SDM) combined with generalized spatial modulation (GSM) which is aided by covert information mapping (CIM), termed as the CIM-GSDM system. In such a system, the legitimated user is equipped with distributed receivers so as to demodulate the conveyed signal by exploiting its indices while disturbing eavesdroppers for information security. More specifically, part of the information is modulated into the indices of the legitimated distributed receiver subsets with the aid of the mapped covert information and the interference matrix, while another part of the message is arranged by conventional amplitude-phase modulation. The proposed system can reap the benefits from both GSM and CIM to make eavesdropper suffer great mixture. Furthermore, the detection scheme and theoretical analysis of error performance are discussed as well. The simulation results exhibit that the bit error rate (BER) performance of legitimate user is much better than that of the eavesdropper while the proposed scheme improves the security compared to the original CIM-SDM system at the same spectral efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) are crucial for muscle development and regeneration. The primary pig MuSCs (pMuSCs) is an ideal in vitro cell model for studying the pig's muscle development and differentiation. However, the long-term in vitro culture of pMuSCs results in the gradual loss of their stemness, thereby limiting their application. To address this conundrum and maintain the normal function of pMuSCs during in vitro passaging, we generated an immortalized pMuSCs (SV40 T-pMuSCs) by stably expressing SV40 T-antigen (SV40 T) using a lentiviral-based vector system. The SV40 T-pMuSCs can be stably sub-cultured for over 40 generations in vitro. An evaluation of SV40 T-pMuSCs was conducted through immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR, EdU assay, and SA-β-gal activity. Their proliferation capacity was similar to that of primary pMuSCs at passage 1, and while their differentiation potential was slightly decreased. SiRNA-mediated interference of SV40 T-antigen expression restored the differentiation capability of SV40 T-pMuSCs. Taken together, our results provide a valuable tool for studying pig skeletal muscle development and differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide a theoretical basis for fertilizing and improving sandy fluvo-aquic soil quality, soil total nitrogen, content of different fractions of active organic nitrogen and soil δ15N values were determined after continuous application of nonhazardous composted sewage sludge (SW) in this study. Four-year field experiment was conducted in a wheat-maize rotation crop field during 2013-2016 in Henan province, China. Based on different fractions of soil active organic nitrogen and stable nitrogen isotope technology, and the response of soil physical and chemical properties, we studied the response of soil active organic nitrogen and soil δ15N values to composted sewage sludge. The results were that 1) Continuous application of SW significantly raised the content of soil carbon and nitrogen, with 265.83% and 284.31% increase, respectively, by the 45 t•hm-2 SW treatment in comparison with the control group (CK). The SW treatments significantly enhanced the active organic nitrogen component content and the particulate organic nitrogen (PON) by 104.57%-280.91%. The content of active nitrogen components in the treatment were presented as particulate organic nitrogen (PON)>light fraction organic matter nitrogen (LFON)>dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)>soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN). The allocation of PON/TN and SMBN/TN increased, and the allocation of LFON/TN and DON/TN significantly decreased with the increasing application of SW, which resulted in decrease of the total distribution proportion of active nitrogen, indicating that the 45 t•hm-2 SW treatment contained enough stable organic nitrogen components for the accumulation of organic nitrogen. 2) Soil amended with SW significantly reduced soil δ15N values. The pathway analysis and the principal components analysis revealed that the rate of SW had a significantly effect on the soil δ15N values and soil nitrogen content, while correlation analysis showed that soil δ15N values had the strong relationship with the soil TN, PON and LFON contents, which indicated that the δ15N could reflected the effect of soil improvement with the SW. 3) Redundancy analysis further revealed that soil pH, soil moisture and soil fertility had significant effects on the content of soil active organic nitrogen fractions and their δ15N values. Soil pH and soil integrated fertility index (IFI) were the most significant factors influencing soil active organic nitrogen fractions and their δ15N values (P