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Objectives The purpose of this animal research was to compare bone regeneration in augmented rabbit maxillary sinuses treated with demineralized particulate human-tooth graft and anorganic bovine bone by immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and methods Piezoelectric bilateral sinus augmentation was performed in eight adult rabbits. In the control group, anorganic bovine was grafted in the maxillary sinus following elevation of the sinus membrane. In the experimental group, demineralized human particulate tooth bone was grafted in the sinus. Bone regeneration in augmented sinuses was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis using various markers of osteoprogenitor cells. Results The number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at eight weeks. The immunoreactivity of proliferating-cell nuclear antigen was increased slightly in the experimental group relative to the control group at eight weeks. Other bone markers were expressed equally in the two groups. Conclusion In the rabbit maxillary sinus, higher osteoinduction was correlated with demineralized human particulate tooth bone grafting than with anorganic bovine grafting.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) according to the presence of upper cervical spine abnormalities and craniofacial morphology. Study Design Clinical examinations were conducted on 43 patients with TMD. Upper cervical spine characteristics (fusion, posterior arch deficiency [PAD], and craniofacial morphology) reflecting head-and-neck posture were evaluated on lateral cephalograms. Condylar bone changes in the temporomandibular joint were evaluated by using cone beam computed tomography. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes after 1 year of conservative therapy were statistically analyzed between groups, according to the presence of upper cervical spine abnormalities. Results Pain on neck muscle palpation was more frequent in patients with cervical fusion (P = .019) and with either fusion or PAD (P = .004) before treatment. Patients with PAD had smaller comfortable mouth opening ranges compared with those without the deficiency (P = .044) before treatment and smaller comfortable (P = .020) and maximum (P = .021) mouth opening ranges after treatment. Patients with PAD also had mouth opening limitation (P = .028) and pain on masticatory muscle palpation (P = .014) more frequently after treatment compared with patients without the deficiency. Conclusions Associations exist between upper cervical spine characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with TMD, suggesting such parameters as a possible radiographic index in TMD diagnosis and treatment.

Objective The amount of online medical information available is rapidly growing and YouTube is considered as the most popular source of healthcare information nowadays. However, no study has been conducted to comprehensively evaluate YouTube videos related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). So this study aimed to evaluate the content and quality of YouTube videos as a source of medical information on TMD. Method A total of 237 YouTube videos that were systematically searched using five keywords (temporomandibular disorders, tmd, temporomandibular joint, tmj, and jaw joint) were included. Included videos were categorized by purpose and source for analysis. The quality (DISCERN, Health on the Net (HON), Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), and Global Quality Scale (GQS)) and scientific accuracy of video contents were evaluated. Results Total content, DISCERN, HON, EQIP, and GQS scores were 7.5%, 38.9%, 35.2%, 53.0%, and 48.6% of the maximum possible score, respectively. Only 69 videos (29.1%) were considered as “useful” for patients. News media, physician, and medical source videos showed higher evaluation scores than others. Quality evaluation scores were not significantly correlated or negatively correlated with public preference indices. In the ROC curve analysis, content and DISCERN score showed above excellent discrimination ability for high-quality videos based on GQS ( P Conclusions YouTube videos related to TMD contained low quality and scientifically inaccurate information that could negatively influence patients with TMD.

Background To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and long-term treatment outcomes according to antinuclear antibody(ANA) and rheumatoid factor(RF) positivity and the correlation between pain-related and hematological indices in temporomandibular disorders(TMD) patients. Methods Clinical examinations were done following the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD in 257 patients. Comprehensive screening along with psychological and hematological evaluations (ANA, RF, complete blood cell count, C-reactive protein[CRP] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate[ESR]) were conducted. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were statistically compared between ANA/RF positive and negative groups. Results Thirty-nine patients showed ANA/RF positivity. Male patients had smaller comfortable mouth opening(CMO)(p = 0.033) and maximum mouth opening(MMO)(p = 0.016) ranges with more painful neck muscles on palpation when RF/ANA positive. Pain duration, intensity, disability days and psychological distress levels were also higher in RF/ANA positive male patients. Significant correlation was shown in ESR with pain duration(p

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the differences in subjective symptoms, clinical characteristics, distribution according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) subgroup, psychological profile of TMD patients, and to identify the prevalence and trend according to age. Methods: A total of 1,052 patients (261 men and 791 women; mean age, 34.40±15.73 years) who visited the Orofacial Pain Clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital complaining of TMD symptoms of were evaluated. All patients were questioned for medical history, clinical symptoms and contributing factors. Clinical examination and patient grouping based on RDC/TMD was conducted. Radiographies were taken. The Korean version of RDC/TMD axis II and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) were administered to evaluate pain-related disability level and psychological status of the patients. Results: Prevalence peaked in the 20-year-old age group. There were more women than men in all groups. The highest T-score among SCL-90-R dimensions was somatization in each group, except for teenagers who showed the highest T-score in interpersonal sensitivity. The 30-yearold age group showed the highest distribution of high disability based on the graded chronic pain scale. Age was positively associated with pain intensity (r=0.100), number of positive muscles on palpation (r=0.137) and negatively associated with maximum mouth opening (r=-0.168). Conclusions: Subjective symptoms and clinical characteristics of TMD patients show distinct tendencies according to different age groups. Treatment should be customized and personalized according to age for efficient symptom resolution and patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To determine whether a fatiguing clench significantly affects the changes in pressure pain threshold (PPT) in men compared to women. Methods: The changes of PPTs from before to after a sustained clench in 12 men and 12 women were obtained. We used a decrease in median frequencies of surface electromyography (EMG) power spectra from the start to the end of the sustained clench as evidence of fatigue. Endurance time for the clench was used as a covariate. Results: The median frequencies decreased after the clench in both the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles, did not differ with the muscle or the gender of the subjects, and none of the interaction terms were significant. The PPTs were lower for women for both muscles, were decreased after the sustained clench, but failed to show the hypothesized gender by time interaction. Conclusions: Our results show that women have lower PPTs than men, but do not respond differently than men to jaw muscle fatigue.

Objective To evaluate quality and readability of Internet-based information on halitosis. Study Design An Internet search through 3 engines (Google, Yahoo, and Bing) was done with the terms (“bad breath,” “halitosis,” “oral malodor,” “foul breath,” “mouth malodor,” “breath malodor,” “fetor ex ore,” “fetor oris,” “ozostomia,” and “stomatodysodia”). The first 50 websites from each engine resulting from each search term were screened. Included websites were evaluated using Health on the Net (HON) criteria, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade level. Results A total of 101 websites were included. HON, DISCERN, EQIP, and FRE score were 42.9%, 37.6%, 37.4%, and 51.9% of the maximum score, respectively. Fewer than 50% of sites displayed attribution, disclosure, and currency according to JAMA benchmarks. HON score, DISCERN score, and EQIP score had significant correlation with each other and were significantly higher in sites displaying the HON seal. Conclusion The current quality and readability of informative websites on halitosis are generally low and poorly organized. Clinicians should be able to assess the Internet-based information on halitosis, as well as give accurate advice and guide patients concerning this issue.