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The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydrogen in a rat model of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ). The rats and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were pre-treated with hydrogen before receiving irradiation (7Gy per fraction, five fractions in total once a day for rats, 4Gy for BMSCs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell differentiation were measured in the BMSCs. Also, the radioprotective effect of hydrogen for ORNJ in Sprague-Dawley rats was examined by gross clinical manifestations, micro-computed tomography, and histology. Hydrogen significantly reduced the production of ROS in BMSCs after irradiation. The cell viability was significantly decreased after irradiation (P= 0.001), but pre-treatment with hydrogen before irradiation increased the cell viability (P= 0.025). Hydrogen considerably increased the cellular differentiation potential of the irradiated cells. Comparing with the rats underwent irradiaton only, those rats treated by hydrogen-rich saline significantly appeared improved occlusion, salivation, alopecia, oral ulcer, and less bone necrosis. Myofibroblasts accumulated overwhelmingly in the fibrosis medulla and around the sequestrum after irradiation, and this was decreased in the group pre-treated with hydrogen. Hydrogen may represent a strategy for the prevention and treatment of ORNJ. Its high efficacy and low toxicity suggest possible therapeutic application.

Purpose::To evaluate the outcomes with and without aid of a computer-assisted surgical navigation system (CASNS) for treatment of unilateral orbital wall fracture (OWF).Methods::Patients who came to our hospital for repairing unilateral traumatic OWF from 2014 to 2017 were included in this study. The patients were divided into the navigation group who accepted orbital wall reconstruction aided by CASNS and the conventional group. We evaluated the surgical precision in the navigation group by analyzing the difference between actual postoperative computed tomography data and preoperative virtual surgical plan through color order ratios. We also compared the duration of surgery, enophthalmos correction, restoration of orbital volumes, and improvement of clinical symptoms in both groups systemically. Quantitative data were presented as mean ± SD. Significance was determined by the two-sample t-test using SPSS Version 19.0 A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results::Seventy patients with unilateral OWF were included in the study cohort. The mean difference between preoperative virtual planning and actual reconstruction outcome was (0.869 ± 0.472) mm, which means the reconstruction result could match the navigation planning accurately. The mean duration of surgery in the navigation group was shorter than it is in the control group, but not significantly. Discrepancies between the reconstructed and unaffected orbital-cavity volume and eyeball projection in the navigation group were significantly less than that in the conventional group. One patient had remnant diplopia and two patients had enophthalmos after surgery in the navigation group; two patients had postoperative diplopia and four patients had postoperative enophthalmos in the conventional group.Conclusion::Compare with the conventional treatment for OWF, the use of CASNS can provide a significantly better surgical precision, greater improvements in orbital-cavity volume and eyeball projection, and better clinical results, without increasing the duration of surgery.

International audience; Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe hepatic disease caused by the dog/fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. The parasite is cycling between rodents and foxes/dogs. AE has been considered as one of major health problems in Yili Valley, Xinjiang, China. A total 268 AE cases were found from 1989 to 2015 in the Valley with 64.3% of the patients diagnosed in the last 10 years. The most patients (76%) were aged from 21 to 55. Among the patients, 62% were nomad farmers, indicating that sheep-farming is a high risk position in the valley. The life-cycle of E. multilocularis may involve Kazakhstan voles (Microtus ilaeus), one of major rodents in Yili Valley. The prevalence of AE in this species ranged from 0.76% to 10.4%. The rodent had 0.78 burrow per m2 in the area close to stream or brook, whereas, 0.21 burrow per m2 in the area 200 meters away from the stream or brook. In average, one individual M. ilaeus had 16.2 burrow entrances linked with runways in the pasture area. The small mammals like to inhabit in the pasture land close to streams, where is the location for Kazak and Mongolian herdsmen setting their yurts during the summer season. Those herdsmen may have high risk for infection with AE. Dogs are important definitive host and play a key role in transmission of AE to humans in the valley. Control of alveolar echinococcosis should focus on controlling the population of Microtus voles, deworming dogs and educating villagers to increase the knowledge of prevention and control of echinococcosis.