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Assessing the ergodicity of graphene liquid cell electron microscope measurements, we report that loop states of circular DNA interconvert reversibly and that loop numbers follow the Boltzmann distribution expected for this molecule in bulk solution, provided that the electron dose is low (80-keV electron energy and electron dose rate 1-20 e- Å-2 s-1). This imaging technique appears to act as a "slow motion" camera that reveals equilibrated distributions by imaging the time average of a few molecules without the need to image a spatial ensemble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we reported a novel emulsion copolymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) with amphipathic monomer poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as emulsifier and K2S2O8/NaHSO3 as redox initiator. Owing to the multifunctionality of PEGMA that can serve as co-monomer and 'emulsifier', the emulsion copolymerization is achieved successfully and the interesting results demonstrate quite different features such as:(1) the stable P[(VC)-co-(PEGMA)] latex is obtained only when the mass ratio of PEGMA > 10% (to total monomer mass), (2) a small amount of ionic emulsifier SDS is required to achieve a stable latex, and (3) the mechanism of the micellar formation is different from the typical emulsion polymerization. Unexpectedly, the obtained copolymer formed high content of gel fraction which is mainly caused by the chain transfer reaction of the PVC growth chain radical to the hydrogen atom of the methylene from alkoxy (-OCH2CH2-) of the PEGMA oligomer chain. However, it could be inhibited effectively by the addition of chain transfer agent 2-mercaptoethanol (2-MCE). Subsequently, the properties of as-obtained P[(VC)-co-(PEGMA)] copolymer are evaluated carefully and it exhibited unique features such as self-plasticization, lower Tg (decreased from 83.1 to 59.6 °C), higher heat resistance (increased from 270 to 290 °C), hydrophilic, and high transparent in comparison to pure PVC. These outstanding features of the P[(VC)-co-(PEGMA)] copolymer offered a potential route for the functional modifications of PVC and broadened its further use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag 1− x K x NbO 3 (AKN x (x ≤ 0.12) ceramics were prepared to understand the relationship of structure-properties driven by compositions and temperatures. The results suggested that this binary system possessed a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) consisted of ferrielectric and ferroelectric phases with iso-symmetry at room temperature, in which domains switching together with electric-field-induced irreversible phase transition achieved a much higher electrostrain (S max = 0.4%) than other compositions. But this MPB was destroyed after poling, leading to inferior piezoelectricity. A phase diagram was drawn after analyzing in situ XRD and dielectric data, where an almost vertical ferrielectric/antiferroelectric ↔ polymorphic ferroelectric MPB line starting from a triple point was proposed. As temperature increased, the piezoelectricity significant enhanced near ferroelectric orthorhombic ↔ monoclinic phase boundary, while the highest piezoelectricity was achieved near the monoclinic ↔ paraelectric phase boundary with d 33 = 200 pC/N. The enhanced piezoelectricity is intimately related to the ferroelectric monoclinic possessing Pm symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, thermomechanically controlled processing (TMCP) and direct‐quenching (DQ) process are investigated to improve the mechanical and wear properties of wear‐resistant steel, compared to the reheating–quenching (RQ) process. Scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction are employed to characterize the microstructures of the DQ and RQ specimens, and the mechanical and wear properties are investigated using the Vickers hardness, impact, tensile, and stirring wear tests for both processes. The results show that DQ steel exhibits strong plasticity, impact toughness, and wear resistance; the DQ process also retains the deformed austenite formed by rolling in the nonrecrystallization region. The compressed austenite reduces the size of the martensite lath and block structure, increases the density and proportion of the high‐angle grain boundaries, and improves the plasticity and toughness of DQ steel. Meanwhile, DQ steel also inherits the high‐density dislocations created during the rolling process, which is its primary strengthening mechanism. The deformed grains in DQ steel reduce the Schmid factor, improve resistance to wear deformation, and enhance its wear performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few single‐molecule experiments have enabled the direct imaging of functional biomacromolecules in real‐time in their native liquid environments, resolving their conformational adaptations, transient interactions, and intermediate states. Liquid phase electron microscopy (LP‐EM), due to its unique combination of spatial and temporal resolution, has shown to be a promising tool. Recent experiments have enabled successful imaging of intact structures of organic molecules and biological systems with an ordinary electron microscope. Adapting image processing methods and quantitative data analysis from single particle experiments based on the optical microscope, quantifying motion and relaxation of these interacting molecules allows the experimental observations of pathways, to test theoretical predictions, and discovery of new mechanisms. Combining LP‐EM with tomography, fluorescence, and mass spectroscopy allows for probing multi‐dimensional structural and dynamic information. Challenges remain in obtaining high‐quality data in large quantities, which can be improved by developing new liquid cell platforms and machine learning‐based data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Internet technology continues to profoundly impact our lives, techniques for information protection have become increasingly advanced and become a common discussion topic. With the aim to protect private images, this paper splits a secret image into n individual shares using a Sudoku matrix with authentication features. Later, the shares can be compiled to completely reconstruct the secret image. The shares are meaningful ones in order to avoid detection and suspicion among malicious users. Our proposed matrix is unique because the embedding rate of the secret data is very high, while the visual quality of the shares can be well guaranteed. In addition, the embedded authentication codes can be retrieved to authenticate the integrity of the secret image. Experimental results prove the advantages of our approach in terms of visual quality and authentication ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low alloy dual-phase steel was produced via a thermo-mechanical control process to improve production efficiency and reduce costs. The study investigates the influence of martensite volume fractions on the mechanical properties and slurry erosion behavior of the hot-rolled dual-phase steel, and the correlation between the mechanical properties and slurry erosion behavior was revealed to provide insights into the material's wear resistance. Microstructure of dual-phase steel with varying martensite were characterized, and nanohardness, Vickers hardness, tensile propertiy, and slurry erosion were tested. Result indicates that martensite content significantly affects the mechanical propertiy of the hot-rolled dual-phase steel. Hardness and strength increase with increased martensite content, exhibiting a linear relationship. The main strengthening mechanisms are dislocation and solid solution strengthening. Slurry erosion result reveals that matrix hardness, martensite content/size, and work hardening ability significantly impact the slurry erosion performance of hot-rolled dual-phase steel. Martensite plays a crucial role in resisting wear failure, with higher content and larger size providing better protection to the soft ferrite and reducing erosion weight loss. Work hardening ability also leads to a decrease in periodic erosion weight loss. • Perform slurry erosion tests on dual-phase wear-resistant steels with different martensitic contents. • The correlation between mechanical properties and slurry erosion behavior was revealed. • Martensite content and surface hardness are the main factors affecting the erosion behavior of dual-phase steels. • Dual-phase steels have potential for slurry erosion mitigation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear ac transport properties are investigated in a graphene semiconducting nanosystem, with the effect of normal-metal electrodes taken into account. We use a tight-binding approach and ac transport theory to study the dc conductance and ac emittance in normal-metal/graphene (NG) and normal-metal/graphene/normal-metal (NGN) systems with armchair-edge graphene. We find that the resonant and semiconducting behaviors in NG and NGN systems are closely related to the spatial-resolved local density of states. Furthermore, features of the size-dependent emittances in the NGN system are investigated. The results suggest a positive correlation between the width and capacitive response, and the capacitive response is robust as the size of the system increases proportionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To inhibit the deep conversion of partial oxidation products (POX-products) in C-H bonds' functionalization utilizing O2, 5-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-10,15,20-tris(perfluorophenyl)porphyrin cobalt(II) and 5-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-10,15,20-tris(perfluorophenyl)porphyrin copper(II) were immobilized on the surface of hybrid silica to conduct relay catalysis on the surface. Fluorocarbons with low polarity and heterogeneous catalysis were devised to decrease the convenient accessibility of polar POX-products to catalytic centers on the lower polar surface. Relay catalysis between Co and Cu was designed to utilize the oxidation intermediates alkyl hydroperoxides to transform more C-H bonds. Systematic characterizations were conducted to investigate the structure of catalytic materials and confirm their successful syntheses. Applied to C-H bond oxidation, not only deep conversion of POX-products was inhibited but also substrate conversion and POX-product selectivity were improved simultaneously. For cyclohexane oxidation, conversion was improved from 3.87% to 5.27% with selectivity from 84.8% to 92.3%, which was mainly attributed to the relay catalysis on the surface excluding products. The effects of the catalytic materials, product exclusion, relay catalysis, kinetic study, substrate scope, and reaction mechanism were also investigated. To our knowledge, a practical and novel strategy was presented to inhibit the deep conversion of POX-products and to achieve efficient and accurate oxidative functionalization of hydrocarbons. Also, a valuable protocol was provided to avoid over-reaction in other chemical transformations requiring high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic conductance of nanocircuit, which demonstrates dc and ac transport properties, is regarded as vital indicator for device feature. With the help of nonequilibrium Green's function technology and Buttiker's ac transport theory, we present dynamic conductance in L-shaped graphene nanosystems (LGNSs). It is found that electronic transport is highly sensitive to the geometric feature as well as the size of LGNSs. The armchair edge lead determines whether LGNS shows ac response or not around Dirac point. The increase of width of zigzag edge lead suppresses dc conductance and induces capacitive responses at the anti-resonance states. This is due to large dwell time originated from edge state in zigzag edge lead. In the energy region far away from Dirac point, LGNS responds inductively with the transportation channel opens. Behaviors of dynamic conductance at Dirac point and anti-resonance states are discussed by interesting spacial-resolved local density of states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Amiloride as a DNA adjuvant can promote humoral immune responses after protein boosts. • Long immunization interval is benefit for the production of specific binding Abs. • Amiloride & long interval show better immune effect than elevating immunization times. • Q577A mutants of gp140 and gp41 show different immune effects compared to wild type. Recent studies have revealed that the interface of gp120 and gp41 and some parts of gp41 are also critical epitopes for elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, potential trimeric gp41 or gp140 immunogen candidates are needed. Previously, we developed a trimer motif MTQ and demonstrated that it could help formation of trimeric gp120 and gp140 proteins. In the present study, we immunized Balb/c mice using trimeric gp41-expressing plasmid for prime and monomeric gp41 or trimeric gp140 protein as well as a mutant (Q577A) for boost. The antibody responses in the context of regimens with various immunization intervals and DNA adjuvants including praziquantel (PZQ), cimetidine (CIM), and amiloride (AML) were evaluated. We found that these three adjuvants were not enough to elicit remarkable specific Abs after gp41 DNA immunization, while AML could significantly promote humoral immune responses after protein boosts. Long immunization interval could induce the specific binding Abs earlier and higher and maintain a high level of Abs in the following 27 weeks after final protein boost. Moreover, two times of protein boosts with DNA adjuvant and a longer time interval achieved a higher titer of specific Abs than three times of protein boosts with a shorter time interval. Q577A mutant was benefit for trimeric gp140 boost in the production of binding Abs but harmful to inducing neutralizing Abs, while this mutant in monomeric gp41 presented the opposite trend which may be associated with the immunogen structures. This study highlights the significance of DNA adjuvant Amiloride and long immunization interval in promoting antibody responses and provides new insights into effective HIV immunization regimen design in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underwater discharges are considered to be promising solutions to water disinfection problems. In this paper, the sterilization effects of different discharge modes and gas bubbling conditions on E. coli are investigated. The experimental results show that spark discharge owns a much higher sterilization efficiency than the streamer discharge. The larger discharge volume and stronger UV emission during spark discharge may play a more important role than the electric field and active species in the sterilization efficiency of discharge modes. To further increase the sterilization efficiency, two kinds of feeding gases, O2 and Ar, are introduced in underwater discharges, and experimental results show that O2 bubbling presents a greater promotion than Ar. Higher sterilization efficiency of O2 bubbling than that of Ar can be explained by the combination of physical and chemical reactions, while in the case of Ar, only physical interactions play a major role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosses, classified as bryophytes, are of economic importance in the horticulture industry where they are used for decoration and gifts. Polytrichum commune (common haircap moss) is a popular moss species used in TerraLiving's terrariums. However, moss growth is slow, taking up to 12 months for complete growth which limits its economic value. Moss is conventionally grown on peat soil but its prolonged use under the slow moss growth is uneconomical. Therefore, synthetic soil has been proposed as an alternative growth media. Hence, the aims of this study are to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of both peat and synthetic soils which affect the growth of common haircap moss (in terms of increase in horizontal length and number of shoots). Soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) to study the rationale behind. Polytrichum commune was grown in both peat and synthetic soils over a course of 6 weeks (after an acclimatization period of 2 weeks) to determine their rate of growth in different soil types, measured in terms of horizontal length increment (in mm) and number of new shoots. It was observed that the moss grown in peat soil exhibited greater horizontal growth (9.280 ± 2.756 mm) than synthetic soil. This is heavily linked to the significantly lower pH and higher CEC of peat soil. The number of shoots formed was similar in both peat and synthetic soil (8.267 ± 1.535 and 7.8 ± 0.803 respectively), possibly due to similar levels of phytohormone production. In conclusion, peat soil is a better media for the growth and cultivation of P. commune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Euler method is a typical one for numerically solving initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an efficient algorithm for obtaining the optimal solution of a nonlinear optimization problem. In this study, a PSO-based Euler-type method is proposed to solve the initial value problem of ordinary differential equations. In the typical Euler method, the equidistant grid points are always used to obtain the approximate solution. The existing shortcoming is that when the iteration number is increasing, the approximate solution could be greatly away from the exact one. Here, it is considered that the distribution of the grid nodes could affect the approximate solution of differential equations on the discrete points. The adopted grid points are assumed to be free and nonequidistant. An optimization problem is constructed and solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the distribution of grid points. Through numerical computations, some comparisons are offered to reveal that the proposed method has great advantages and can overcome the existing shortcoming of the typical Euler formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel type of burial dolomitization related to alteration of intermediate volcaniclastic rocks is discussed based on mineralogical, petrological and geochemical analyses. Lacustrine, fine-grained (<0.1 mm), volcaniclastic rocks from the Lower Cretaceous Bayindulan Sag in the Er'lian Basin, China, contain diagenetic minerals produced from reactions between volcanic materials (volcaniclastics and ash fall) and diagenetic fluids derived from a saline alkaline lake. Mineral products include: high concentrations of diagenetic ankerite, dolomite, ferroan calcite, analcime with high ratio of Si to Al, Wyoming montmorillonite, illite-smectite mixed layer, and amorphous Si-rich material. These rocks can be divided into two types based on the occurrence and composition of authigenic carbonate minerals: non-carbonatized volcaniclastic rocks (Non-Carb-VR) and carbonatized volcaniclastic rocks (Carb-VR). Iron, magnesium, calcium, and sodium are probably derived from alteration of intermediate and calc-alkaline volcanic materials and from illitization of Wyoming montmorillonite. Petrographic textures indicate that ferroan calcite and non-ferroan dolomite predated ankerite (78–103 °C). Geochemistry analysis (TiO 2 versus Al 2 O 3 , Zr/TiO 2 versus Nb/Y, and Zr versus Nb) indicates that the precursor rocks were dacitic or rhyodacitic in composition. The compositions of heavy C (0.2‰–8.4‰, V-PDB) and light O (−17.5‰ to −7.0‰, V-PDB) isotopes are probably influenced by methanogenic fermentation. The process of burial dolomitization can be divided into two stages: (1) mixed sedimentation and bacterial methanogenesis; and (2) alteration of volcanic materials and transformation of clay minerals. This study documents a new process for dolomite formation through the alteration of volcanic materials. • A novel type of burial dolomitization related to alteration of volcaniclastic rocks. • Iron, magnesium, calcium, and sodium are probably derived from alteration of volcanic materials and from illitization. • Geochemistry analysis indicates that the precursor rocks were dacitic or rhyodacitic. • The compositions of heavy C and light O isotopes are probably influenced by methanogenic fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adjusting the waveguide length ratio, we study the extraordinary characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in one-dimensional (1D) parity-time-symmetric (-symmetric) two-segment-connected triangular optical waveguide networks with perfect and broken integer waveguide length ratios respectively. It is found that the number and the corresponding frequencies of the extremum spontaneous -symmetric breaking points are dependent on the waveguide length ratio. Near the extremum breaking points, ultrastrong extraordinary transmissions are created and the maximal can arrive at, respectively, and in both kinds of networks. However, bidirectional invisibility can only be produced by the networks with broken integer waveguide length ratio, whose mechanism is explained in detail from the perspective of photonic band structure. The findings of this work can be useful optical characteristic control in the fabrication of -symmetric optical waveguide networks, which possesses great potential in designing optical amplifiers, optical energy saver devices, and special optical filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical predictions indicate that ordered alloys can spontaneously develop a steady-state nanoscale microstructure when irradiated with energetic particles. This behavior derives from a dynamical competition between disordering in cascades and thermally activated reordering, which leads to self-organization of the chemical order parameter. We test this possibility by combining molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. We first generate realistic distributions of disordered zones for Ni3Al irradiated with 70 keV He and 1 MeV Kr ions using MD and then input this data into KMC to obtain predictions of steady state microstructures as a function of the irradiation flux. Nanoscale patterning is observed for Kr ion irradiations but not for He ion irradiations. We illustrate, moreover, using image simulations of these KMC microstructures, that high-resolution transmission electron microscopy can be employed to identify nanoscale patterning. Finally, we indicate how this method could be used to synthesize functional thin films, with potential for magnetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption is highly effective and desirable for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, and suitable pore size of porous adsorbents is important for efficient removal of PFAS, but the relationship between adsorbent pore size and PFAS adsorption remains unclear. In this study, five regular covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with distinct pore sizes were successfully synthesized, and the correlation between the pore size of COFs and PFAS length for efficient PFAS adsorption was investigated. Both excessively small and large pore sizes of COFs are not conducive to the efficient adsorption of PFAS due to the diffusion hindrance and weak binding forces. The COFs with a pore size ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 times of the PFAS molecular size demonstrated the most suitable for PFAS adsorption. This study also investigated the potential impact of nanobubbles on PFAS adsorption on orderly porous COFs through aeration and degassing treatment of the adsorption system. The bubbles on hydrophobic COFs were verified to be responsible for PFAS adsorption, another important adsorption mechanism of PFAS on COFs. The long-chain PFAS have stronger enrichment at the gas-liquid interface than the short-chain PFAS, resulting in higher adsorption capacity for long-chain PFAS. [Display omitted] • COF pore size range of 2.5–4.0 times of PFAS lengths is the most suitable for PFAS adsorption. • The bubbles on hydrophobic COFs are verified to be responsible for PFAS adsorption. • Efficient PFAS removal is achieved by adjusting pore size and surface hydrophobicity of COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interfaces between dielectrics and semiconductors play a dominant role in the performance of both electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this article, we report the band offset characterization of atomic layer deposited Al2O3 on non-polar m-plane [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cobalt(II) compound, [Co II (terpy) 2 ](TCNQ) 4 ·3DMF·0.5H 2 O ( 1 ; terpy = 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine, TCNQ = 7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane), was found to show incomplete spin-crossover properties in the cobalt(II) complex and semiconducting properties in the quasi one-dimensional packed TCNQ δ − (0 < δ < 1) radical anions. Single-crystal structures characterized at different temperatures demonstrated non-integer charge distribution among TCNQ radicals. Moreover, electric conductivity measurements revealed that 1 act as semiconductor at 300 K (3.3 × 10 − 4 S cm − 1 ). The coexistence of spin crossover and electric conductivity in one system will pave the way to study the interactions of such different properties and for the implementation of multifunctional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel synergistic catalysis mode with limiting domains and bimetallic centers. • Synergistic catalysis in binary system favored selective C-H bonds oxidation by O 2. • Disordered free radical diffusion was suppressed by limiting catalytic domains. • Oxidation intermediate R-OOH was used as additional oxidant to oxidize substrate. • Concurrently increased conversion and selectivity in C-H bonds oxidation with O 2. To achieve efficient and selective cycloalkane oxidation, binary catalytic systems had been constructed on the basis of 3D MOFs [Zr 6 O 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (Metalloporphyrin) 2 (μ 1 -OH) 4 (μ 1 -H 2 O) 4 ] and Zn(AcO) 2. MOFs were prepared to construct limiting domains to suppress diffusiveness of free radicals under disorder state, and Zn(AcO) 2 had been employed as synergistic catalysis sites. Catalytic system constructed by PCN-222-d(Co) and Zn(AcO) 2 exhibited excellent catalytic performance. In contrast to T(4-COOCH 3)PPCo as homogeneous catalyst, an enhancement from 3.83% to 5.51% was obtained from conversion, meanwhile selectivity was increased from 79.9% to 94.4% in cyclohexane oxidation. Primary source of the excellent performance were inhibition of diffusiveness of free radicals under disorder state, and enhancement on C-H bonds oxidation with oxidation intermediate R-OOH catalyzed by Zn(II). Synergistic catalysis process and catalytic mechanism were investigated via controlled experiments, radical trapping, and EPR analyses. This study provides a useful reference for oxidative functionalization of cycloalkanes with O 2 , and a significant contribution for other chemical conversions involving in free radicals. Conversion and selectivity to partially-oxidized products in cycloalkanes oxidation with O 2 were increased simultaneously through synergistic catalysis in binary catalytic systems constructed by PCN-222 with limiting domain and Zn(AcO) 2. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) of a 3D transonic wing flutter using a fully coupled fluid/structure interaction (FSI) with high order shock capturing schemes. Unsteady 3D compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved with a system of 5 decoupled structure modal equations in a fully coupled manner. The low diffusion E-CUSP scheme with a 5th order WENO reconstruction for the inviscid flux and a set of 2nd order central differencing for the viscous terms are used to accurately capture the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction of the vibrating wing. The predicted flutter boundary at different free stream Mach numbers achieves very good agreement with experiment, including the supersonic flutter boundary point, which is often substantially over-predicted by most of the other simulations based on RANS models. Some new observations and explanation are given for the sonic dip mechanism. The transonic dip phenomenon is related to the anticlimax contribution of the second mode, which is caused by the complicated shock oscillation that decreases the wing pitching moment sharply. At the flutter boundary including the sonic dip, no flow separation due to shock/boundary layer interaction is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, we still lack an ideal strategy for designing envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccines to elicit potent protective antibodies against HIV-1 infection. Since the human hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is representative of effective vaccines that can induce ideal humoral immune responses, knowledge of how it elicits antibody responses and T helper cells would be an useful reference for HIV vaccine development. We compared the characteristics of the HIV-1 Env gp120 trimer and HBsAg in antibody elicitation and induction of T follicular helper (Tfh) and memory B cells in immunized Balb/c mice. Using the strategy of protein prime-protein boost, we found that HIV-1 gp120 induced slower recall antibody responses but redundant non-specific IgG responses at early time after boosting compared to HBsAg. The higher frequency of PD-1 hi CD4 + T cells and Tfh cells that appeared at the early time point after gp120 boosting is likely to limit the development of memory B cells, memory T cells, and specific antibody recall responses. These findings regarding the different features of HIV envelope and HBsAg in T helper cell responses may provide a direction to improve HIV envelope immunogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) 0 + A are considered to have early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade is a significant predictor of overall survival (OS) for HCC. However, data are lacking to support its significance for patients with early-HCC. Methods We recruited 318 patients with early-HCC who underwent curative resection between January 2012 and August 2013. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were used to compare OS of patients with different ALBI grades. Cox regression analysis was applied to evaluate ALBI grade as an independent predictor of OS. Results Early-HCC patients with ALBI grade II experienced significantly shorter OS ( p < 0.001) and higher death rates. In the Child-Pugh (C-P) grade-A group, patients with ALBI grade I had a more favorable prognosis than those with grade II ( p < 0.001), while the C-P grade did not distinguish patients with poor prognosis from the entire group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ALBI grade was the most significant independent predictor of OS, and the ALBI grade retained its clinical significance in low α-fetoprotein subgroup. Conclusion ALBI grade predicted OS in patients with early-HCC. Reclassification of C-P grade according to ALBI grade might improve the management of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel and effective relay oxygenation mode with confining regions was presented. • Relay oxygenation in binary system favored selective C-H bonds oxygenation with O 2. • Disordered free radical diffusion was suppressed by confining catalytic regions. • Oxygenation intermediate R-OOH was used as additional oxidant to oxidize substrate. • Concurrently increased conversion and selectivity in C-H bonds oxygenation with O 2. To produce partly oxygenated products of cycloalkanes utilizing O 2 in high-efficiency and high-selectivity, binary catalytic systems possessing bimetallic centers were constructed based on porphyrin cobalts(II) and Zn(OAc) 2. Porphyrin cobalts(II) possessing bulky substituents had been synthesized to construct confining nano-regions to inhibit the spread of free radical in shambolic state, and Zn(OAc) 2 was utilized to catalyze transformation of oxygenation intermediates cycloalkyl hydroperoxides. For cycloalkanes oxygenation using O 2 , binary system constructed by T2-NaPBr 8 Co(II)&Zn(OAc) 2 exhibited superior catalytic performance. Both conversion and total selectivity to partly oxygenated products were raised. Compared with metalloporphyrin TPPBr 8 Co(II) with small substituents, conversion was increased from 5.13 to 6.21% and selectivity to partly oxygenated products was raised from 86.9 to 95.8% in classical cyclohexane oxygenation. The excellent performance of binary catalytic system constructed by T2-NaPBr 8 Co(II) and Zn(OAc) 2 was mainly due to lower temperature, inhibited spread of free radical in confining catalytic region of T2-NaPBr 8 Co(II) and catalytic conversion of cycloalkyl hydroperoxides. The relay oxygenation path and catalytic mechanism were systematically investigated via EPR analyses and control experiments. This study is not only a significant contribution to construction of efficient and selective catalytic systems for cycloalkane oxygenation, but also a useful reference for other chemical conversion containing free radicals. Conversion and selectivity to partly oxygenated products in the oxygenation of cycloalkanes with O 2 were increased simultaneously through relay oxygenation in binary catalytic systems constructed by porphyrin cobalts(II) possessing confining region and Zn(OAc) 2. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A five-step synthesis of the 6-6-6 tricyclic skeleton of the diterpene wickerol A is described. The synthesis features a diastereoselective d-proline-mediated Robinson annulation and N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed Stetter reaction as key transformations to give the tricyclic carbon skeleton of this promising anti-influenza A natural product. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The photoluminescence properties are sensitive to the host lattice. [•] Ba atoms have contribution to the emission intensity of the phosphor. [•] Ba atoms have larger contributions than other alkaline earth atoms. [•] 5d states of Ba atoms provide extra states to that of Eu atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A facile method to synthesized high stable hollow spherical Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ green phosphor. [•] The Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ green phosphor shows strong emission intensity under UV and blue light excitation. [•] The h-BN protective film plays important roles in the formation of the spherical hollow structure of the phosphors. [•] This spherical phosphor could be used in white LED and other display techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel realization of the Integral Equation in combination with the fast Fourier transform for the CFIE is established by Fitting both the Green's function and its Gradient onto the nodes of a uniform Cartesian grid. The new method has been compared with several existing popular FFT-based methods, including the AIM, the IE-FFT, and the p-FFT. The accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than other FFT-based methods, and the method is not sensitive to both the grid spacing and the expansion order. The outstanding merit of the proposed method is that the fitting procedure is independent of the basis functions. Therefore, when the higher order basis functions would be adopted in the method of moments, only one fitting procedure for the Green's function and its gradient on a basis function support is needed to meet all of basis functions defined on this support. Some numerical examples are provided in this paper to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Polymers exhibit extended structures at high temperatures or in good solvents and collapsed configurations at low temperatures or in poor solvents. This fundamental property is crucial to the design of materials, and indeed has been extensively studied in recent years. In this paper, the collapse of polyethylene rings on an attractive surface was investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the collapse of ring chains on the attractive surface is of distinct difference from their free counterparts, where the collapse becomes more continuous and a one-stage instead of two-stage collapse can be identified by the specific heat. Some hairpin-like crystal structures are found at low temperatures, which are induced by the adsorption interaction of polymer-surface. For a given chain length, the results were further compared with those of the adsorbed linear chains. Due to the topological constraint of ring chains, the number of hairpin structures is clearly less than that of the linear chains. These numerical simulations may provide some new insights into the folding of ring polymers under adsorption interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new scheme of the integral equation fast Fourier transform for the combined field integral equation applied to electrically large objects is presented in this article. Lagrange interpolation is applied to the gradient of the Green's function on regular Cartesian grids, which is similar to the method of interpolating the Green's function. Compared with the gradient operator acting on the interpolated Green's function, the present method can provide higher accuracy with slightly more storage. The error analysis and some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:891-896, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26697 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A facile method was designed for the successful synthesis of highly stable spherical (oxo)nitridosilicate phosphors with excellent monodispersity, high coating density and improved luminescent properties. The novel h-BN-encapsulated spherical core–shell SiO2@Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ red-emitting phosphors were successfully synthesized by an interfacial reaction mechanism followed by a subsequent gas reduction and nitridation process. A thin film of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was formed in situ during the synthesis process, leading to core–shell SiO2@Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphors with a perfectly spherical shape, narrow size distribution, non-agglomeration and a smooth surface. The particles consist of three layers: the outer h-BN film; the middle Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor shell and the amorphous SiO2 core. Under UV and blue light excitation, the SiO2@Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphors show intense red emission due to the 4f65d–4f7 transition of the Eu2+ ions. Furthermore, this method is superior to the traditional gas reduction and nitridation method because of the lower temperature at which synthesis occurs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Genetic variations in LRP6 gene are associated with high serum LDL cholesterol levels. We have previously shown that LDL clearance in peripheral B-lymphocytes of the LRP6R611C mutation carriers is significantly impaired. In this study we have examined the role of wild type LRP6 (LRP6WT) and LRP6R611C in LDL receptor (LDLR)-mediated LDL uptake. LDL binding and uptake were increased when LRP6WT was overexpressed and modestly reduced when it was knocked down in LDLR-deficient CHO (ldlA7) cells. These findings implicated LRP6 in LDLR-independent cellular LDL binding and uptake. However, LRP6 knockdown in wild type CHO cells resulted in a much greater decline in LDL binding and uptake compared with CHO-ldlA7 cells, suggesting impaired function of the LDLR. LDLR internalization was severely diminished when LRP6 was knocked down and was restored after LRP6 was reintroduced. Further analysis revealed that LRP6WT forms a complex with LDLR, clathrin, and ARH and undergoes a clathrin-mediated internalization after stimulation with LDL. LDLR and LRP6 internalizations as well as LDL uptake were all impaired in CHO-k1 cells expressing LRP6R611C. These studies identify LRP6 as a critical modulator of receptor-mediated LDL endocytosis and introduce a mechanism by which variation in LRP6 may contribute to high serum LDL levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideal immunogenicity in antigens is a prerequisite to eliciting a sufficiently strong immune and memory response via either DNA or protein vaccines. To improve immunogenicity, efforts have focused on high-level expression of target proteins and on maintaining their natural conformations. In the present work, two trimer motifs (MTQ and MTI) were designed and introduced into a plasmid vector with the tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide (tPA-SP). Next, we examined the efficacy and the efficiency of the two motifs as well as the introduction of tPA-SP and its mutant forms, 22P/A and 22P/G, in facilitating the secretory expression of trimeric proteins in mammalian cells. We found that both trimer motifs could produce the target protein in a trimeric form at a high level. Introduction of tPA-SP 22P/A markedly increased the secretory expression level. The combination of the trimer motif, MTQ, and the signal peptide, 22P/A, may serve as a universal mammalian vector for producing trimeric proteins in vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythroid myeloid lymphoid (EML) cells are an established multipotent hematopoietic precursor cell line that can be maintained in medium including stem cell factor (SCF). EML cultures contain a heterogeneous mixture of cells, including a lineage-negative, CD34+ subset of cells that propagate rapidly in SCF and can clonally regenerate the mixed population. A second major subset of EML cells consists of lineage-negative. CD34- cells that can be propagated in IL-3 but grow slowly, if at all, in SCF, although they express the SCF receptor (c-kit). The response of these cells to IL-3 is stimulated synergistically by SCF, and we present evidence that both the synergy and the inhibition of c-kit responses may be mediated by direct interaction with IL-3 receptor. Further, the relative level of tyrosine phosphorylation of various substrates by either cytokine alone differs from that produced by the combination of the two cytokines, suggesting that cell signaling by the combination of the two cytokines differs from that produced by either alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short two-dimensional compact chains adsorbed on the attractive surface at different temperatures were investigated by using the enumeration calculation method. First we investigate the chain size and shape of adsorbed chains, such as characteristic ratios of mean-square radii of gyration x/N and y/N, shape factor <δ>, and the orientation of chain bonds to illuminate how the size and shape of adsorbed compact chains change with increasing temperatures. There are some special behaviors for the chain size and shape at low temperature, especially for strong attraction interaction. In the meantime, adsorbed compact chains have different behaviors from general adsorbed polymer chains. Some thermodynamics properties are also discussed here. Heat capacity changes non-monotonously, first increases and then reduces. The transition temperature Tc is nearly 1.0, 1.4, 2.0 and 4.2 (in the unit of T0) for the case of ε = 0, -1, -2 and -4 (in the unit of kT0), respectively. Average energy per bond increases while average Helmholtz free energy per bond decreases with increasing temperatures. From these two thermodynamics parameters we can also get another transition temperature Tc′, and it is close to 0.7, 1.1, 1.5 and 3.4 for ε = 0, -1, -2, and -4, respectively. Therefore, Tc is greater than Tc′ under the same condition. These investigations may provide some insights into the thermodynamics behaviors of adsorbed protein-like chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochemistry of early stages of hematopoietic differentiation is difficult to study because only relatively small numbers of precursor cells are available. The murine EMI cell line is a multi-potential cell line that can be used to model some of these steps. We found that the lineage- EML precursor cells can be separated into two populations based on cell surface markers including CD34. Both populations contain similar levels of stem cell factor (SCF) receptor (c-Kit) but only the CD34+ population shows a growth response when treated with SCF. Conversely, the CD34- population will grow in the presence of the cytokine IL-3. The human β-globin locus control region hypersensitive site 2 plays different roles on β-globin transcription in the CD34+ and CD34- populations. The two populations are present in about equal amounts in culture, and the CD34+ population rapidly regenerates the mixed population when grown in the presence of SCF. We suggest that this system may mimic a normal developmental transition in hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe an algorithm, ReAS, to recover ancestral sequences for transposable elements (TEs) from the unassembled reads of a whole genome shotgun. The main assumptions are that these TEs must exist at high copy numbers across the genome and must not be so old that they are no longer recognizable in comparison to their ancestral sequences. Tested on the japonica rice genome, ReAS was able to reconstruct all of the high copy sequences in the Repbase repository of known TEs, and increase the effectiveness of RepeatMasker in identifying TEs from genome sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and selective oxygenation of α-C-H bonds in alkyl aromatics with dioxygen was accomplished through heterogeneous catalysis in the confined reaction channels of metalloporphyrin-based 2D POFs with residual groups being capped. [Display omitted] • A novel and effective oxygenation model of C-H bonds in limited reaction channel. • Prevented over-oxidation in oxygenation of C-H with O 2 in limited reaction channel. • Increased selectivity in C-H bonds oxygenation by heterogeneous catalysis. • Oxygenation of C-H bonds with O 2 could be adapted by limited reaction channel. • Concurrently increased conversion and selectivity in C-H bonds oxygenation with O 2. Metalloporphyrin T(4-Br)PPCo was used in the construction of two-dimensional porous organic framework materials (2D POFs) in order to achieve the direct benzyl C-H bonds oxygenation. In order to prevent the disordered diffusion of free radicals in 2D POFs, a restricted reaction channel was constructed, and heterogeneous catalysis was applied to decrease the deep oxygenation of partial oxygenation products due to central metal sites. All 2D POFs were characterized as amorphous microporous materials containing highly and uniformly dispersed Co2+. It was used to partially oxygenate C-H bonds at benzyl position employing dioxygen in solvent-free condition, and the conversion and selectivity were improved at the same time, especially when residual -B(OH) 2 and -Br were capped. Compared with T(4-Br)PPCo, the substrate conversion increased from 39 % to 66 %, and the selectivity for 4-nitroacetophenone increased from 66 % to 91 %. The reaction mechanism, apparent kinetics and substrate compatibility were also studied. In this work, it provided a guiding reference for the effective C-H bonds oxygenation and other free radical based chemical reactions. The use of POFs in catalytic chemistry was further broadened, and a successful method for improving the catalytic characteristics of POFs by capping the remaining active groups was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic health in the Chinese elderly.Methods and Study Design: A total of 6,730 participants from the "Community-based Cardiovascular and Health Promotion Study" (CoCHPS) cohort were included in this study. The DII scores were acquired using a validated 125-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (ranged -5.84 to 3.90). The correlation of DII with metabolic health indexes was evaluated with logistic regression and multivariable cox regression using SPSS and R software.Results: Compared with low DII scores, subjects in the highest DII score quartiles had higher odds of metabolic dysfunction (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.07-1.68, p trend=0.023). In the subgroup analyses, the effect of a pro-inflammatory diet on metabolic dysfunction was particularly evident among people with hyperglycaemia (HR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.35-2.14), hypertension (HR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.09), dyslipidemia (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.24-1.87), abdominal obesity (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.57-2.96), and ≥60 years old (HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.56) or who were women (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.67).Conclusions: DII score was associated with metabolic health. Further studies are needed to deepen our understanding of dietary parameters and different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the influence of arginines 93, 97, and 101 of thrombin to its functional specificity. Elimination of heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition; Relative impact of mutation; Acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin.

Examines the influence of phospholipid vesicle concentration and size on the affinity and the kinetics of assembly of the prothrombin activation complex. Use of the activation of prethrombin 1 to monitor complex formation between factors Va nd Xa; Measurement of activation rates.

From the perspective of host country education system and, in light of a normative view of academic development, school systems have too often viewed the academic profiles of newcomer students as deficient despite a curriculum in Ontario (Canada) that mandates culturally relevant and responsive pedagogy. In this project, we view the mobility of these students as an enrichment of the host school system through the lens of reciprocal knowledge. The online STEM resources created are based on an understanding of the students' funds of knowledge from the curricula of the families' home countries. The results show that these resources contribute to the inclusion of multilingual students by allowing their teachers to better understand them, helping parents to understand the educational system of the country in relation to their own. However, such an approach requires curriculum change to include these transcultural perspectives and to train teachers to open their classrooms to reciprocal knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peptides corresponding to N- and C-terminal heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2, respectively) of gp41 can inhibit HIV-1 infection in a dominant negative manner by interfering with refolding of the viral HR1 and HR2 to form a six-helix bundle (6HB) that induces fusion between viral and host cell membranes. Previously, we found that HIV-1 acquired the mutations of Glu560 (E560) in HR1 of envelope (Env) to escape peptide inhibitors. The present study aimed to elucidate the critical role of position 560 in the virus entry and potential resistance mechanisms. Results: The Glu560Lys/Asp/Gly (E560K/D/G) mutations in HR1 of gp41 that are selected under the pressure of N- and C-peptide inhibitors modified its molecular interactions with HR2 to change 6HB stability and peptide inhibitor binding. E560K mutation increased 6HB thermostability and resulted in resistance to N peptide inhibitors, but E560G or E560D as compensatory mutations destabilized the 6HB to reduce inhibitor binding and resulted in increased resistance to C peptide inhibitor, T20. Significantly, the neutralizing activities of all mutants to soluble CD4 and broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting membrane proximal external region, 2F5 and 4E10 were improved, indicating the mutations of E560 could regulate Env conformations through cross interactions with gp120 or gp41. The molecular modeling analysis of E560K/D/G mutants suggested that position 560 might interact with the residues within two potentially flexible topological layer 1 and layer 2 in the gp120 inner domain to apparently affect the CD4 utilization. The E560K/D/G mutations changed its interactions with Gln650 (Q650) in HR2 to contribute to the resistance of peptide inhibitors. Conclusions: These findings identify the contributions of mutations of E560K/D/G in the highly conserved gp41 and highlight Env's high degree of plasticity for virus entry and inhibitor design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International migration has accelerated the HIV-1 spread across national borders, gradually reducing the restrictions on the geographical distribution of HIV-1 subtypes. Subtypes A and G are globally recognized as the third and sixth most dominant HIV-1 genotypes, mainly prevalent in Africa, but rarely detected in China. Here we reported an imported HIV-1 recombinant which was composed of sub-subtypes A1 and A7 of subtype A and subtype G genes in a Chinese female. This virus was the first HIV-1 recombinant including A7 genes reported in the world. Case presentation: The near full-length genome (NFLG) was obtained from the plasma sample of the female in an HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey with 853 participants in China. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this NFLG sequence contains three A7 segments, four G segments and one A1 segment with seven breakpoints, and all these segments were closely related to HIV-1 references circulating in Africa. The evidence from epidemiological investigation indicated that this female participant had a more-than-two-years heterosexual contact history with a fixed partner from Nigeria, a country in west Africa, which further supported the results of phylogenetic analyses. By the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, the times of most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) of the partial pol gene (nt2308-3284, A7 region) and full-length vpr-vpu plus partial env gene (nt5534-6858, G region) were estimated around 1989 and 1984, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, by using the NFLG sequencing, we identified an imported HIV-1 A1/A7/G recombinant which was estimated to originate around 1980s in Africa and introduced into China with international migration. This study highlighted the complexity of the global HIV-1 epidemic, the necessity of using genome sequences to determine HIV-1 genotypes and the importance of real-time monitoring of HIV-1 infection among international migrants and travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are troubled by the severe Zn dendrite growth and side reactions, manifesting as low coulombic efficiency and poor cyclic stability. Electrolyte engineering is regarded as an efficient method to improve Zn metal reversibility. Herein, a distinctive electrolyte regulation strategy is demonstrated for long‐lasting ZIBs through the construction of competitive solvation structures. In the composite aqueous system, the insoluble LiNO3 in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is introduced to outwit active water dissociation from Zn2+ coordination environment, and the organic/anion‐enriched solvation structure enables the formation of a stable interface to effectively restrain adverse reactions. Distinctly, the Zn metal anode exhibits inhibited dendrite growth with high reversibility of plating/stripping processes over 1600 h with an exceptional cumulative capacity over 16 Ah cm−2, an ultra‐long lifespan over high‐temperature (50 °C), and high discharge of depth (65%). Furthermore, the Zn || V2O5 full battery can operate stably over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work points a direction to effectively solve the major challenges of ZIBs through the collaborative construction of a regulated electrolyte environment and interfacial chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the infiltration of a large number of IgG4+ plasma cells, neoplastic lesions in the affected tissues, and a sharp increase in the concentration of serum IgG4. IgG4-RD is a rare and novel disease involving multiple organs with various clinical manifestations. Understanding and studying the pulmonary manifestations of IgG4-RD is critical for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, lung involvement alone is less common. Here we present a rare case of IgG4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) to show the variable manifestations of this disease in the lungs and review the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During insect larval–pupal metamorphosis, proteins in the hemolymph are absorbed by the fat body for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis; however, the type of proteins and how these proteins are internalized into the fat body are unclear. In Bombyx mori, the developmental profiles of total proteins in the hemolymph and fat body showed that hemolymph‐decreased protein bands (55–100 kDa) were in accordance with those protein bands that increased in the fat body. Inhibition of clathrin‐dependent endocytosis predominantly blocked the transportation of 55–100 kDa proteins from the hemolymph into the fat body, which was further verified by RNA interference treatment of Bmclathrin. Six hexamerins were shown to comprise ∼90% of the total identified proteins in both the hemolymph and fat body by mass spectrum (MS) analysis. In addition, hemolymph‐specific proteins were mainly involved in material transportation, while fat body‐specific proteins particularly participated in metabolism. In this paper, four hexamerins were found for the first time, and potential proteins absorbed by the fat body from the hemolymph through clathrin‐dependent endocytosis were identified. This study sheds light on the protein absorption mechanism during insect metamorphosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-resolution absorption spectra of the (2, 0), (3, 1), and (8, 5) bands of the – system of have been recorded by using velocity modulation spectroscopy technique in the near infrared region. The rotational constants of the and states of were derived from the spectroscopic data. The isotope shifts of these bands of the – system of and were also analyzed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optical radiative cooler with quasi-Cantor structure is theoretically proposed and analyzed. This simple and symmetrically designed optical structure operates upon continuous thermal sources in diurnal subtropical conditions, and its efficiency is much higher than natural cooling, for instance, when operating upon a typical 323.15 K continuous thermal source with a wind speed at , it can generate a net cooling power of , which is 18.26% higher than that of non-radiative heat exchange (natural cooling) under the same conditions. Additionally, several aspects are considered in its design to ensure a low cost in application, which is of great economical and environmental significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]