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Abstract This study investigates typhoon-induced mesoscale cyclonic eddies (TIME) in the western North Pacific. A total of 69 potential TIME candidates (1995–2018) were identified using global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas and JTWC typhoon data. Subsequently, systematic analysis procedures were applied to those candidates. Analysis revealed that three cyclonic ocean eddies (COEs) were likely triggered by typhoons Rosie (1997), Nida (2009), and Ma-on (2011). Numerical modeling with a regional ocean modeling system (ROMS) reconstructed the ocean environment during these events. Semi-idealized experiments confirmed that typical TIME events arise from the energy transfer between kinetic and potential energy, with vertical diffusion and horizontal advection contributing significantly to COE spin-up. Divergence and vertical advection terms suppress excessive COE growth. Given the increasing intensity and slower movement of typhoons due to global warming, more TIMEs are expected in the future. Stronger, longer-lasting TIMEs may have significant climate impacts and should be a focus of future research.

BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) pose a significant challenge to global public health, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite extensive research, the rapid development of MRSA antibiotic resistance has outpaced current treatment methods, increasing the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, reviewing research on MRSA BSIs is crucial.MethodsThis study conducted a bibliometric analysis, retrieving and analyzing 1,621 publications related to MRSA BSIs from 2006 to 2024. The literature was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and data visualization and trend analysis were performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix software packages.ResultsThe bibliometric analysis showed that research on MRSA BSIs was primarily concentrated in the United States, China, and Japan. The United States leads in research output and influence, with significant contributions from institutions such as the University of California system and the University of Texas system. The journal with the most publications is Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, while the most cited global publication is Vincent JL’s article “Sepsis in European Intensive Care Units: Results of the SOAP Study” published in Critical Care Medicine in 2006. Cosgrove SE’s article “Comparison of Mortality Associated with Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Meta-analysis” had the most co-citations. Key trends in the research include MRSA’s antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the application of new diagnostic technologies, and the impact of COVID-19 on MRSA studies. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are increasingly applied in MRSA diagnosis and treatment, and phage therapy and vaccine development have become future research hotspots.ConclusionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BSIs remain a major global public health challenge, especially with the increasing severity of antibiotic resistance. Although progress has been made in new treatments and diagnostic technologies, further validation is required. Future research will rely on integrating genomics, AI, and machine learning to drive personalized treatment. Strengthening global cooperation, particularly in resource-limited countries, will be key to effectively addressing MRSA BSIs.

Structural modularization, lightweight and functional integration are the urgent development directions for next generation high-performance aeroengines. Heat concentration during aeroengine operation would lead to local high temperature, which tremendously negative impacts on aeroengine structural life and performance. Therefore, the design and optimization of radiator structures are significant for the efficiency and reliability of aeroengine. The structural geometry design and layout optimization of radiators is promising to improve the heat dissipation efficiency and reduce aerodynamic loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of the art and perspectives of aeroengine radiator structural design by a comprehensive literature review. The main contents involve the review on the structural design and layout optimization technologies of radiator structures, the analyses of the structural features, design theory and methods of existed radiator structures, the induction of the theory and method of different radiators structural optimization design, and the discussion on the application perspectives of advanced structures in aeroengine radiators, the report on the current challenges and development directions of the design of radiator structures, including smart materials, lattice structures, variable structures, advanced optimization theories and methods, heat dissipation methods and so forth. The efforts of this study are promising to support the high-performance and lightweight design of aeroengine structures besides radiators, and thermal management system.

The exchange of materials and energy between boundary currents and the surrounding marginal seas largely influences the environment of those seas. In addition to the reported currents over the continental shelf northeast of Taiwan, a process of onshore and offshore water exchange (OOWE) across the northeast-southwest-oriented shelf break is newly introduced in this study. This exchange is constituted by the synergy of Kuroshio intrusion (northwestward) and ebb tide (southeastward). The total velocity obtained by combining Copernicus Marine Service (CMS) satellite geostrophic currents and modeled Ekman currents through the GLOBCURRENT project, along with numerical modeling based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), are used to describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of OOWE and explain its generation dynamics. OOWE occurs in a highly dynamic active area, sandwiched between two current jets: the Kuroshio Current (KC) and the Taiwan Strait Current (TSC). The seaward increase of northward currents off northeast Taiwan (due to a stronger KC and a weaker TSC) provides a favorable environment of positive vorticity that steers the Kuroshio onto the shelf, constituting the north branch of OOWE. Additionally, the ebb tide drives water away from the shore, producing a southeastward current along the north coast of Taiwan, forming the southern branch of OOWE. Uneven wind forcing in the spatial domain slightly modulates the OOWE pattern, though it plays only a secondary role in its generation. Given the potential to induce vigorous exchange and mixing between continental shelf waters and the Kuroshio, the OOWE identified in this study warrants further attention.

Abstract Despite docetaxel combined with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (TPF) being the established treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), there are patients who do not respond positively to this form of therapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this lack of benefit remain unclear. DCAF7 is identified as a chemoresistance gene attenuating the response to TPF therapy in NPC patients. DCAF7 promotes the cisplatin resistance and metastasis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DCAF7 serves as a scaffold protein that facilitates the interaction between USP10 and G3BP1, leading to the elimination of K48‐linked ubiquitin moieties from Lys76 of G3BP1. This process helps prevent the degradation of G3BP1 via the ubiquitin‒proteasome pathway and promotes the formation of stress granule (SG)‐like structures. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 successfully reversed the formation of SG‐like structures and the oncogenic effects of DCAF7. Significantly, NPC patients with increased levels of DCAF7 showed a high risk of metastasis, and elevated DCAF7 levels are linked to an unfavorable prognosis. The study reveals DCAF7 as a crucial gene for cisplatin resistance and offers further understanding of how chemoresistance develops in NPC. The DCAF7‐USP10‐G3BP1 axis contains potential targets and biomarkers for NPC treatment.

Abstract Despite that the docectaxel-cisplatin-5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy has greatly improved patients’ survival and became the first-line treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), not all patients could benefit from this therapy. The mechanism underlying the TPF chemoresistance remains unclear. Here, by analyzing gene-expression microarray data and survival of patients who received TPF chemotherapy, we identify transcription factor ATMIN as a chemoresistance gene in response to TPF chemotherapy in NPC. Mass spectrometry and Co-IP assays reveal that USP10 deubiquitinates and stabilizes ATMIN protein, resulting the high-ATMIN expression in NPC. Knockdown of ATMIN suppresses the cell proliferation and facilitates the docetaxel-sensitivity of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of ATMIN exerts the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ChIP-seq combined with RNA-seq analysis suggests that ATMIN is associated with the cell death signaling and identifies ten candidate target genes of ATMIN. We further confirm that ATMIN transcriptionally activates the downstream target gene LCK and stabilizes it to facilitate cell proliferation and docetaxel resistance. Taken together, our findings broaden the insight into the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance in NPC, and the USP10-ATMIN-LCK axis provides potential therapeutic targets for the management of NPC.

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia complicated with bacterial infection in children. Methods We retrospectively analysed data concerning 64 paediatric patients with severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia who had been treated at our hospital. The patients were divided into observation (44 patients) and control (20 patients) groups, based on the presence or absence of concomitant bacterial infection, and clinical data were compared between the groups. Results The mean age in the observation group was 2.71 ± 1.44 years, 42 (95.45%) were aged ≤ 5 years, and 18 (40.9%) had underlying diseases. The mean age in the control group was 4.05 ± 2.21 years, 13 (65%) were aged ≤ 5 years, and 3 (15%) had underlying diseases. There was a statistically significant difference in patient age and the proportion of patients with underlying diseases (P

Breast cancer (BC) remains the foremost cause of cancer mortality globally, with neutrophils playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. As an essential tumor microenvironment (TME) component, neutrophils are emerging as pivotal factors in BC progression. Growing evidence has proved that neutrophils play a Janus- role in BC by polarizing into the anti-tumor (N1) or pro-tumor (N2) phenotype. Clinical trials are evaluating neutrophil-targeted therapies, including Reparixin (NCT02370238) and Tigatuzumab (NCT01307891); however, their clinical efficacy remains suboptimal. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the close relationship between neutrophils and BC, emphasizing the critical roles of neutrophils in regulating metabolic and immune pathways. Additionally, we summarize the existing therapeutic approaches that target neutrophils, highlighting the challenges, and affirming the rationale for continuing to explore neutrophils as a viable therapeutic target in BC management.

Sea surface temperature (SST) responses have been perceived as crucial to consequential tropical cyclone (TC) intensity development. In addition to regular cooling responses, a few TCs could cause extreme SST drops (ESSTDs) (e.g., SST drops more than 6 °C) during their passage. Given the extreme temperature differences and the consequentially marked air–sea flux modulations, ESSTDs are intuitively supposed to play a serious role in modifying TC intensities. Nevertheless, the relationship between ESSTDs and consequential storm intensity changes remains unclear. In this study, satellite-observed microwave SST drops and the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship TC data from 2001 to 2021 were used to elucidate the relationship between ESSTDs and the consequential TC intensity changes in the Western North Pacific typhoon season (July–October). Subsequently, the distributed characteristics of ESSTDs were systematically examined based on statistical analyses. Among them, Typhoon Kilo (2015) triggered an unexpected ESSTD behind its passage, according to existing theories. Numerical experiments based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System were carried out to explore the possible mechanisms that resulted in the ESSTD due to Kilo. The results indicate that heavy rainfall leads to additional SST cooling through the enhanced sensible heat flux leaving the surface layer in addition to the cooling from momentum-driven vertical mixing. This process enhanced the sensible heat flux leaving the sea surface since the temperature of the raindrops could be much colder than the SST in the tropical ocean, specifically under heavy rainfall and relatively less momentum entering the upper ocean during Kilo.

Abstract 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid which has involved in heme metabolism of organisms, and has been widely applied in agriculture, and medical fields nowadays. 5-ALA is used in the elimination of pathogens or cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to the photosensitizer reaction which releases the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, biofabrication of 5-ALA is regarded as the most efficient and eco-friendly approach, but the complicated ingredient of medium causes the nuisance process of purification, resulting in low recovery and high producing cost. In this study, hydrogen chloride, sodium acetate, and ammonia were examined to maximize the recovery of 5-ALA from ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), thus a 92% recovery in 1 M ammonia at pH 9.5 was obtained. Afterward, the activated carbon was used for decolorization to further remove the pigments from the eluent. Four organic solvents, i.e., diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, and acetone were compared to extract and form 5-ALA precipitation. The purified 5-ALA was verified to eliminate 74% of A549 human lung cancer and 83% of A375 melanoma skin cancer cell. Moreover, Proteus hauseri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were killed via anti-microbial PDT with 1% 5-ALA and reached 100% killing rate at optimal condition. With the addition of 0.05% 5-ALA during the culture, the growth of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was improved to against a common aquatic pathogen, A. hydrophila. The broad application of 5-ALA was demonstrated in this study for the first time. Graphical Abstract

IntroductionExposure to road traffic noise has been reported to be associated with depression in many epidemiological studies, but the association between noise frequency spectrum and depression remains unclear. This community-based study investigated the associations between road traffic noise exposure and its frequency components with prevalent depression.MethodsA total of 3,191 residents living in Taichung who participated in the Taiwan Biobank between 2010 and 2017, were included as study participants. The land-use regression models were used to evaluate individual annual average values of A-weighted equivalent sound level over 24 h (Leq,24h) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter

In addition to existing theories, this study proposes a new mechanism of Kuroshio Intrusion passing through the Luzon Strait (LSKI) on the basis of the satellite observed sea surface height anomaly from January 1993 to December 2018. First, 11 events of westward propagating cyclonic Eddy Impingement on the Kuroshio on the Eastern side of Taiwan (EIET) were recognized. Statistical results indicate that approximately 82% of EIET led to consequential LSKI. Systematic analysis indicates a reduction in northward inertial advection, which is responsible for connecting EIET to consequential LSKI. Dynamic diagnosis further unveils the detailed physical exchange processes therein. Squeezing of the planetary vorticity and advection of negative relative vorticity in response to the collision of the EIET with downstream Kuroshio current (KC) contribute to LSKI. Although the beta-term is relatively weak, for the left flank of LSKI, where the influences of advection and flow divergence largely reduce, it plays a dominant role in forcing the KC to intrude farther west into the northern SCS. Aforementioned results identify the possibility of the downstream Kuroshio changes might modify the upstream LSKI critically. More interestingly, this mechanism is a backward feedback sourcing from the Kuroshio downstream region (east of Taiwan) to the upstream region (Luzon Strait).

Osteoporosis-induced vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) occurs commonly in people over the age of 50, especially among menopausal women. Besides conservative therapy, minimally invasive percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty (PKP) have been widely used in clinical treatment and achieved good efficacy. However, the leakage of bone cement (CL) during vertebroplasty (PV) is a major risk that can cause (serious) complications such as compression of the spinal cord, pulmonary embolism, or even paraplegia. In this study, we introduced a new aspiration technique with standard PV procedures (APV) to ameliorate the risk of leakage with quantitative verifications of its effectiveness. APV intends to create a differential pressure to guide the direction of cement flow within the vertebrae. To test this technique, Nubian goats’ ex vivo vertebral bodies (VBs) were used to simulate the PV surgical process in humans. Results show that the proposed APV has a lower leakage rate of 13% compared to the 53% of conventional PV. Additionally, the APV approach achieves more uniform cement distribution via the 9-score method with a value of 7 ± 1.30 in contrast to 4 ± 1.78 by conventional PV.

Abstract Background Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is rare and potentially life-threatening; its etiology remains unclear. Imaging characteristics on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and their prognostic significance have rarely been studied. We sought to determine CMR’s prognostic value in PPCM by using T1 and T2 mapping techniques. Methods Data from 21 PPCM patients from our CMR registry database were analyzed. The control group comprised 20 healthy age-matched females. All subjects underwent comprehensive contrast-enhanced CMR. T1 and T2 mapping using modified Look-Locker inversion recovery and T2 prep balanced steady-state free precession sequences, respectively. Ventricular size and function, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), myocardial T1 value, extracellular volume (ECV), and T2 value were analyzed. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and during follow-up. The recovered left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was defined as LVEF ≥50% on echocardiography follow-up after at least 6 months of the diagnosis. Results CMR imaging showed that the PPCM patients had severely impaired LVEF and right ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF: 26.8 ± 10.6%; RVEF: 33.9 ± 14.6%). LGE was seen in eight (38.1%) cases. PPCM patients had significantly higher native T1 and ECV (1345 ± 79 vs. 1212 ± 32 ms, P

The biological response triggered by a tropical cyclone (TC) passage has attracted much attention due to its possible impacts on regional oceanic, ecological environment, and regional climate balance. However, the detailed progress of TC-induced chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) responses (TICRs) remains unclear due to the inherent limitation of observations in ocean color with polar-orbiting satellites as used in previous studies. The appearance of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite opens the opportunity of correcting all our understanding of TICRs due to its hyper temporal image acquisition capability. In this study, the more real relationship between Chl-a response and TC is further clarified. Results show an essentially different reacting progress of TICRs given by AHI/Himawari-8. It shows a much quicker response relative to previous understanding. Chl-a concentrations reached the highest value on the first day under the severe influences of typhoons. The averaged Chl-a response (0–3 days behind TC passage) observed by AHI is approximately three (2.95) times stronger than that observed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra/Aqua satellites. The spatial characteristics of TICRs by AHI show marked differences. Overall, the rapid and strong response sheds new light on the role of TICRs in influencing the regional oceanic environment, marine ecosystem, and local climate. Whole new estimations for the impacts of TICRs on the aforementioned issues are needed urgently.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread all over the world and has impacted tourism globally, with countries taking various measures such as travel restrictions, border closures, lockdowns, or quarantines to contain the virus. Tourists’ motivation has also been affected by COVID-19, but so far, the literature has not yet discussed their concern over COVID-19 as well as the relationships among their motivation, involvement, and behavior intention. Therefore, this study fills the gap in the literature by taking cycling tourism as an example to understand the involvement of tourists concerning COVID-19 and presents the depth and breadth of its effects upon tourism. Due to the challenge of face-to-face, on-site investigation, we employ an online survey for data collection, use exploratory factor analysis to extract the main factors of motivation, involvement, and behavior intention, and set up a structural equation model to examine the relationships among the three factors. The results show that COVID-19 has positively and significantly affected motivation and involvement. Motivation positively and significantly affects involvement, and involvement affects motivation and behavior intention. The main finding herein is that motivation does not affect behavior, but involvement does mediate between the motivation and behavior of cyclists during COVID-19. Therefore, people may perceive the risk of health and wellbeing through such involvement.

We study a quantum stochastic neural network (QSNN) based on quantum stochastic walks on a graph, and use gradient descent to update the network parameters. We apply a toy model of QSNN with a few neurons to the problems of function approximation, two-dimensional data classification, and sequence classification. A simple QSNN with five neurons is trained to determine whether a sequence of words is a sentence or not, and we find that a QSNN can reduce the number of training steps. A QSNN with 11 neurons shows a quantum advantage in improving the accuracy of recognizing new types of inputs like verses. Moreover, with our toy model, we find the coherent QSNN is more robust against both label noise and device noise, compared with the decoherent QSNN. These results show that quantum stochastic walks may be a useful resource to implement a quantum neural network.

The magnetic topological van der Waals materials family MnBi _2 Te _4 /(Bi _2 Te _3 ) _n have drawn markedly attention due to their novel multiple topological phases in different magnetic configurations. Recently, their close relative, the MnSb _4 Te _7 , was firstly synthesized in experiments (2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 246601). To further explore the emergent properties of MnSb _4 Te _7 , we have systematically investigated the magnetic and topological characters under compressive strain and charge doping using first-principles calculations. We predict that MnSb _4 Te _7 transits from an interlayer antiferromagnetic ground state to a ferromagnetic semimetal ground state with multiple Weyl points when compressive strained along c axis above 8% or charge doping before 0.1 hole/formula concentration. Notable anomalous Hall conductivity is also predicted. Meanwhile, the magnetic easy axis can be reoriented from out-of-plane to in-plane orientation when strain or electron doping is applied. The underlying magnetic exchange mechanism is also analyzed from our calculation results. Our work thus provides a feasible way to realize applications of the highly tunable magnetic-topological nature and a comprehensive theoretical understanding of this magnetic topological material.