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This paper develops a problem formulation corresponding to the long-term overall operation planning for large-scale space-station missions that need to be executed in 3–5 years. The space station overall operation planning consists of the on-orbit activity allocation and its supporting logistics design. A two-level optimization approach is proposed to solve this complicated problem hierarchically by using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The first-level problem is to optimize the overall allocation scheme of on-orbit activities to achieve the activity distribution equilibrium on logistics demand, resource requirement, and activity characteristics. The second-level problem is to optimize the launch time and loading scheme of visiting vehicles under multiple constraints to meet the on-board supply demand, and a pretreatment strategy is proposed based on the space-station logistics domain knowledge to resolve constraints a priori. Numerical results indicate that the proposed formulation for space-station overall operation planning is effective, and the proposed pretreatment approach can reduce the difficulty of satisfying multiple constraints in optimization.

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widely distributed pest of corn. Since it invaded China in 2018, it has caused serious damage to local corn production. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been widely used to control lepidopteran pests. Tetrachloropyramid is a new allosteric modulator insecticide developed based on chlorantraniliprole, so it has a similar mechanism and insecticidal effect. In this study, we investigated resistance levels to chlorantraniliprole and tetrachloropyramid in S. frugiperda from 13 populations in China. Among the populations tested, the relative highest resistance to chlorantraniliprole occurred in the Guangzhou population, and the most susceptible to chlorantraniliprole was found in the Wuhan population. The lethal dosage LD50 value of the Guangzhou population against chlorantraniliprole was 27.8-fold higher than that of the Wuhan population. Minimal differences were observed among S. frugiperda populations in terms of sensitivity to tetrachloropyramid. Heterozygous mutations at the I4734 site of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) were found, while no mutations were found in the G4891 site. The mutations were detected in only two of the 786 individuals analyzed, one from the Qinzhou population and other from the Anshun population (frequency below 2% in both cases). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of RyR between Guangzhou and Wuhan populations. In summary, our results indicate that: (i) S. frugiperda has low resistance levels to diamide insecticides in China; and (ii) the differences in relative resistance among the 13 populations analyzed are not caused by the mutations in RyR or the expression of RyR.

Satellite onboard activity planning refers to the process of arranging a set of onboard activities on a timeline. It is typically formulated as a complex optimization problem with various constraints that is similar to the classic flexible job-shop scheduling problem. This paper first formulates a practical mathematical model considering both the constraints of onboard resources and the sequential logic among the activities. Then an efficient heuristic with a set of knowledge-guided precedence rules for satellite onboard activity planning is proposed, which can achieve real-time planning of the onboard mission. Simulation results indicate that the proposed heuristic can very efficiently produce a satisfied planning scheme, which significantly outperforms the evolutionary algorithm-based optimization method in practical engineering applications.

Overall allocation of space station on-orbit activities is the process of allocating a set of on-orbit activities to be executed on the space station in a long-term planning period into several short-term subperiods while balancing logistics demand, resource requirement and the execution priority of on-orbit activities. The basic mathematical model is firstly formulated. Then a heuristic allocation strategy is proposed to reduce optimization difficulty and a hybrid decision-making approach combining physical programming and evolutionary computation is developed to directly search a Pareto-optimal solution, and the performance of these methods in addressing the problem is compared with that of NSGA-III. Three test case with 500, 1000 and 2000 on-orbit activities respectively are simulated to demonstrate the proposed approaches. The results show that the heuristic allocation strategy is effective and performs better than only applying meta-heuristics, and the decision-making approach based on physical programming can efficiently achieve a decision-maker-preferred solution that is converged better than the Pareto frontier obtained by NSGA-III. The obtained allocation scheme satisfies all equilibrium indexes and constraints.

The effect of quenching temperature and cooling conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 0.2%Nb medium chromium wear-resistant cast steel was investigated. The microstructure, carbides and volume fraction of retained austenite were characterized using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The influence of heat treatment on hardness, impact toughness and tensile properties of test steel was studied. It can be observed that lath martensite can be obtained under the condition of air cooling and oil cooling upon austenitizing in the range of 900–1020 °C. Total carbide content of 0.2–1.1 wt.% under air cooling is more than that under oil cooling due to the lower cooling rate. Nb6C5, M23C6 and M7C3 were found at lower austenitizing temperature, of which niobium carbide mostly located at grain boundaries, while chromium carbides were uniformly distributed in the matrix with the size of 20–50 nm. The chromium carbides are basically dissolved into the matrix in test steel austenitized at 1020 °C. Meanwhile, the negligible growth of prior austenite grain size is achieved. Specimen austenitized at 1020 °C and cooled in air + tempered at 200 °C has a best combination of hardness, plasticity and tensile strength due to fine grain size and more amount of retained austenite. Under this condition, the hardness is 58 HRC, the impact toughness is 22.92 J/cm2, and the tensile strength is 1136.9 MPa.

The failure of the transistor could make an amplifier useless, bringing the wireless system to a sudden halt. Therefore, an amplifier which can handle this type of fault without introducing additional components is highly demanded in industrial applications. For this purpose, a distributed amplification topology is proposed in this paper. The robustness of the proposed structure was theoretically verified by analyzing the ideal models of the amplifier under normal and failed modes. The possibility for further performance enhancement using tunable components is also theoretically investigated. For validation, a wideband amplifier which covers a bandwidth from 0.75 to 2.4 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. To verify the robustness, the cases with one and two field effect transistors (FETs) failed are evaluated. For the case with one failed FET, the implemented amplifier maintained a comparable performance over the operating frequency band. For the case with two failed FETs, the same bandwidth can be maintained with the unavoidable minor degradation in gain and gain flatness. The unique fault-tolerant property of the proposed topology is demonstrated. As a beneficial supplement to the proposed fault-tolerant architecture, the proposed optimization approach is applied to achieve a better tradeoff among return loss, gain, and gain flatness.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the sole FDA approved thrombolytic drug for ischemic stroke. But delayed thrombolytic therapy with tPA may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Many Chinese herbal medicines have been used as tPA helpers to enhance the capacity of tPA and minimize the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis is not systematically analyzed.We searched the following three databases up to January 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies that reported the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke were included. The efficacy outcomes were neurological score and infarct volume, the safety outcomes were cerebral hemorrhage and blood brain barrier (BBB) damage. We used the checklist of CAMARADES to assess the quality of included studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess all the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Trim and fill method and Egger's test were used to assess the potential publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to identify the stability of the results.A total of nine studies including 11 Chinese herbal medicines fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. The pooled data demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines improved neurological score (2.23 SMD, 1.42-3.04), infarct volume (1.08 SMD, 0.62-1.54), attenuated cerebral hemorrhage (1.87 SMD, 1.34-2.4), and BBB dysfunction (1.9 SMD, 1.35-2.45) following tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated that the route of drug delivery, dosage of tPA, and stroke model used may be factors inducing heterogeneity and influencing the efficacy.Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines significantly improved neurological score and infarct volume, reduced cerebral hemorrhage and BBB damage after tPA thrombolysis. This study supports Chinese herbal medicine as an adjuvant therapy in reducing the side effects of tPA thrombolysis after acute ischemic stroke. The results should be interpreted with more caution since this article was based on animal studies.

Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of micturition interruption exercise in improving the incidence of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: With a retrospective case-control study, 96 patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from August 2016 to August 2020 and underwent radical prostatectomy were collected as the subjects. Those patients who used micturition interruption exercise (n=48)were set as the observation group, and the control group was collected according to the ratio of 1:1, the patients used Kegel exercise (n=48). To compare the rehabilitation of urinary incontinence in patients and the effect of training compliance on rehabilitation.Results: The recovery time of urinary incontinence in the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. In the observation group, 83.3% of patients with training compliance reached an average or above, while the control group only accounted for 58.3%. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after surgery. Spearman analysis suggests that there is a negative correlation between the postoperative urinary incontinence recovery time and compliance with the micturition interruption exercise.Conclusions: Micturition interruption exercise could improve the patient's exercise compliance and shorten the recovery time of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

PurposeTo explore the effectiveness of micturition interruption exercise in improving the incidence of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods: With a retrospective case-control study, 96 patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from August 2014 to August 2020 and underwent radical prostatectomy were collected as the subjects. Those patients who used micturition interruption exercise (n=48)were set as the observation group, and the control group was collected according to the ratio of 1:1, the patients used Kegel exercise (n=48). To compare the rehabilitation of urinary incontinence in patients and the effect of training compliance on rehabilitation.ResultsThe recovery time of urinary incontinence in the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. In the observation group, 83.3% of patients with training compliance reached an average or above, while the control group only accounted for 58.3%. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after surgery. Spearman analysis suggests that there is a negative correlation between the postoperative urinary incontinence recovery time and compliance with the micturition interruption exercise.ConclusionsMicturition interruption exercise could not only improve the compliance of patients with exercise, but also significantly shorten the recovery time of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

A lightweight protocol stack is designed using layered approach and is versatile enough to be transplanted onto several LPWAN technologies. The design is implemented on the top of NB-IoT protocols in our experiments. Data aggregation and delay tolerance are expected to help IoT devices to improve data reliability. The proposed algorithm, Data Reselection Algorithm, retains all timelines of collected data in limited storage space. Finally, to validate the performance, related experiments conducted with the MCU nRF52832 are also done in this paper.

The prostate volume is not enlarged in some patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Evidence shows that prostate fibrosis, in addition to BPH and smooth muscle dysfunction, is one of the causes of LUTS, and that its occurrence is related to inflammation of various causes, ischemia, hypoxia and drugs, with the differentiation, aggregation and activation of myofibroblasts involved in its pathogenesis. Therefore, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis strategies may be considered as potential targets for the treatment of LUTS. This article presents an overview on the causes of prostatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, its association with LUTS, and the advances in its treatment.

Objective: To study the effect of licartin combined with pirarubicin transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on apoptosis and epithelial - mesenchymal transition in unresectable liver cancer tissue. Methods: Patients with unresectable liver cancer who were treated in Navy General Hospital between May 2014 and October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the licartin group received licartin combined with TACE therapy, and control group received TACE therapy alone. The expression of tumor suppressor genes, autophagy marker genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker genes in liver cancer lesions were determined before and after treatment. Results: After operation, RNF180, EBLN2, ALKBH5, Merlin, Beclin-1, LC3-II, TRAF-6 and E-cadherin protein expression in liver cancer lesions of both groups of patients were significantly higher than those before operation while Shh, Gli1, Snail, Twist, N-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression were significantly lower than those before operation, and RNF180, EBLN2, ALKBH5, Merlin, Beclin-1, LC3-II, TRAF-6 and E-cadherin protein expression in liver cancer lesions of licartin group were significantly higher than those of control group while Shh, Gli1, Snail, Twist, N-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusions: Licartin combined with pirarubicin TACE for unresectable liver cancer can more effectively induce apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of bronchial artery perfusion chemotherapy combined with high-frequency hyperthermia for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in Navy General Hospital between May 2014 and October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the observation group received bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with high-frequency hyperthermia, and the control group received bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy. Before and after treatment, the expression of tumor activity indexes and liver and kidney function indexes in serum as well as and proliferation and invasion genes in tumor lesions were detected respectively. Results: 5 d and 7 d after treatment, serum CEA, MIF, CYFRA21-1 and HE4 levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment and serum CEA, MIF, CYFRA21-1 and HE4 levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group; 7 d after treatment, MEF2D, c-myc, Survivin, Bcl-2, Vimentin, N-cadherin and Slug expression in tumor lesions of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment and MEF2D, c-myc, Survivin, Bcl-2, Vimentin, N-cadherin and Slug expression in tumor lesions of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group; serum Scr, BUN, ALT and AST levels were not significantly different between two groups of patients before and after treatment. Conclusion: Bronchial artery perfusion chemotherapy combined with high-frequency hyperthermia for advanced non-small cell lung cancer can significantly inhibit the tumor proliferation and invasion and is with ideal safety.

Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) is identified as a tumor suppressor in a variety of human tumors. The purpose of the study was to examine its expression tendency and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Relative expression of TCF21 mRNA in tissue samples from HCC patients and healthy volunteers were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) while its protein level was examined via immunohistochemistry analysis. Chi-square test was adopted to assess the association of TCF21 expression with the clinicopathological characteristic of the patients. Then Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to analyze the function of TCF21 expression on overall survival among HCC patients.Both the mRNA and protein levels of TCF21 were significantly reduced in HCC tissue samples compared with healthy controls (p.05). Also, its expression was obviously affected by the classification of tissue pathology, metastasis, T stage, N stage and pathological grading. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with higher expression of TCF21 experienced dramatically longer overall survival time than those with lower expression (log rank test, p.001).TCF21 expression was decreased in HCC patients and it could act as a prognostic marker.

Objective: To study the malignant biology and bone metabolism after transcatheter vertebral arterial chemoembolization combined with zoledronic acid treatment of vertebral metastasis from lung cancer. Methods: A total of 46 cases of patients with vertebral metastasis from lung cancer treated in our hospital between May 2012 and December 2015 were selected and divided into two groups, observation group (n=23) received transcatheter vertebral arterial chemoembolization combined with zoledronic acid treatment and control group only received transcatheter vertebral arterial chemoembolization therapy. Eight weeks after treatment, serum was collected to determine the levels of tumor markers, invasive molecules and bone transformation indicators. Results: 8 weeks after treatment, serum CEA, NSE, Cyfra21-1, TK1, RCAS1, CatB, CatD, CatX, MMP7, MMP9, MMP13, N-MID, BALP, OC, PINP, β-CTX, NTX, ICTP and TRACP5b levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusions: Transcatheter vertebral arterial chemoembolization combined with zoledronic acid treatment can more effectively kill the cancer cells in vertebral metastases, inhibit the secretion of protease and regulate bone metabolism balance.

Twenty-four new limonoids (1–24), named hainanxylogranins A–X, were isolated from leaves and barks of the Hainan mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum, together with a known compound, tabulvelutin B (25). The structures of these compounds were established by high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), extensive NMR spectroscopic investigations, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and the comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Most notably, the absolute configurations of seven compounds, viz., 1, 2, 6, 16, 17, 22, and 25, were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, conducted with Cu Kα radiation. Compounds 1–4 belong to a unique group of mexicanolides containing a C3–O–C8 bridge and a C-17 substituted γ(21)-hydroxybutenolide moiety, whereas 5–9 are mexicanolides comprising a C1–O–C8 bridge. Compounds 10–16 are typical mexicanolides, among which 14 and 15 contain a C-17 substituted γ(23)-hydroxybutenolide moiety. Compounds 17 and 18 are phragmalin 8,9,30-orthoesters, whereas 19 and 20 are phragmalin 1,8,9-orthoesters. Compound 21 consists of a C1–O–C29 bridge, while 22–24 are derivatives of azadirone. The inhibitory activities of 1, 5–8, 11, 17, 19, 21–23, and 25 against human carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) were assayed. All the tested compounds exhibited inhibition rates of 30–64% at the concentration of 100.0 µM.

Choosing a reasonable examination way is beneficial to the cultivation of high quality talents. Recently, the conventional college examination methods involve writing and oral test, which is extremely focused on academic performance and caused the separation between teachers and examinations. Optoelectronic detection technology is a specialized course with strong applicability. Therefore, we proposed a diverse form and scientific content method. It is proved that the students receive better learning effect and improve learning and engineering practice ability compared with the traditional assessment methods.

To observe MET-associated alteration during the trans-differentiation from MSCs to neuron-like cells, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism.Bone marrow MSCs were isolated from rat femur and purified in continuous cell culture. After induced differentiation to neuron-like cells by the combination of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cells were tested by comparative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the relative expression of MET biomarkers and transcription factors, and for cell cycle by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, target genes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway were also analyzed by comparative PCR to determine the possible involvement.In MSC-induced neuron-like cells, MET-associated transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, and Twist were significantly attenuated in expression level. The Mesenchymal marker Vimentin expression level was increased. Membrane protein E-cad was slightly down-regulated, while N-cad level was marginally elevated. Percentage of proliferating cells (S phase in cell cycle) markedly shrank from 40.42% for MSCs to 6.76% for MSC-derived neuron. Additionally, Wnt/β-catenin target genes β-catenin and c-myc were decreasingly expressed.Chemically induced trans-differentiation from MSC to neuron caused similar MET-featured alteration in gene expression and proliferation to known MET, which might be underlied by deactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of different dosages of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction ( ) on type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), medium dosage group (19 cases) and high dosage group (15 cases) were treated with different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction for 12 weeks. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood sugar (PBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) were determined before and after treatment. Results With the increase of dosage, the overall effective rate of glycaemic control increased, and FBG, PBG, HbAlc decreased. The overall effective rate of blood glucose control of high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group were 80%, 47%, 30% respectively, and there were significant differences between high dosage group and low dosage group. The decrease of FBG, PBG and HbAlc of high dosage showed significant differences from low dosage too. These data was analyzed by trend χ 2 test and covariance analysis. Conclusion The result indicated that different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction has dose-effect relationship in reducing HbAlc and FBG.

Influenza poses a constant, heavy burden on society. Recent research has focused on ecological factors associated with influenza incidence and has also studied influenza with respect to its geographic spread at different scales. This research explores the temporal and spatial parameters of influenza and identifies factors influencing its transmission. A spatial autocorrelation analysis, a spatial-temporal cluster analysis and a spatial regression analysis of influenza rates, carried out in Jiangsu province from 2004 to 2011, found that influenza rates to be spatially dependent in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2008. South-western districts consistently revealed hotspots of high-incidence influenza. The regression analysis indicates that railways, rivers and lakes are important predictive environmental variables for influenza risk. A better understanding of the epidemic pattern and ecological factors associated with pandemic influenza should benefit public health officials with respect to prevention and controlling measures during future epidemics.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Tangweian Jianji (TWAJJ) on the biomechanical and morphometrical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 27 rats by injecting streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight), the animals were then divided into three groups (n = 9 in each group), i.e., diabetic control (DM); high dose (10 g/kg, T1) and low dose (5 g/kg, T2). Another 10 rats acted as normal controls (Control). TWAJJ was administered by gavage once daily. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. Circumferential length, wall thickness and opening angle were measured from esophageal, duodenal, jejunal and ileal ring segments. The residual strain was calculated from the morphometric data. Step-wise distension was carried out on esophageal and jejunal segments. The obtained data on the length, diameter and pressure changes were then used to calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses and strains. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) mRNA level in jejunal tissues. RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, the blood glucose level was significantly higher and the serum insulin level was significantly lower in DM, T1 and T2 groups than in the control group (Glucose: 30.23 ± 0.41 mmol/L, 27.48 ± 0.27 mmol/L and 27.84 ± 0.29 mmol/L vs 5.05 ± 0.04 mmol/L, P = 1.65 × 10-16, P = 5.89 × 10-19 and P = 1.63 × 10-18, respectively; Insulin: 1.47 ± 0.32 μg/L, 2.66 ± 0.44 μg/L, 2.03 ± 0.29 μg/L and 4.17 ± 0.54 μg/L, P = 0.0001, P = 0.029 and P = 0.025, respectively). However, these levels did not differ among the DM, T1 and T2 groups. The wet weight per unit length, wall thickness and opening angle of esophageal and intestinal segments in the DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (from P = 0.009 to P = 0.004). These parameters in the T1 group were significantly lower than those in the DM group (wet weight, duodenum: 0.147 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.158 ± 0.001 g/cm, P = 0.047; jejunum, 0.127 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.151 ± 0.002 g/cm, P = 0.017; ileum, 0.127 ± 0.004 g/cm vs 0.139 ± 0.003 g/cm, P = 0.046; wall thickness, esophagus: 0.84 ± 0.03 mm vs 0.94 ± 0.02 mm, P = 0.014; duodenum: 1.27 ± 0.06 mm vs 1.39 ± 0.05 mm, P = 0.031; jejunum: 1.19 ± 0.07 mm vs 1.34 ± 0.04 mm, P = 0.047; ileum: 1.09 ± 0.04 mm vs 1.15 ± 0.03 mm, P = 0.049; opening angle, esophagus: 112.2 ± 13.2˚ vs 134.7 ± 14.7˚, P = 0.027; duodenum: 105.9 ± 12.3˚ vs 123.1 ± 13.1˚, P = 0.046; jejunum: 90.1 ± 15.4˚ vs 115.5 ± 13.3˚, P = 0.044; ileum: 112.9 ± 13.4˚ vs 136.1 ± 17.1˚, P = 0.035). In the esophageal and jejunal segments, the inner residual stain was significantly smaller and the outer residual strain was larger in the DM group than in the control group (P = 0.022 and P = 0.035). T1 treatment significantly restored this biomechanical alteration (P = 0.011 and P = 0.019), but T2 treatment did not. Furthermore, the circumferential and longitudinal stiffness of the esophageal and jejunal wall increased in the DM group compared with those in the control group. T1, but not T2 treatment, significantly decreased the circumferential wall stiffness in the jejunal segment (P = 0.012) and longitudinal wall stiffness in the esophageal segment (P = 0.023). The mRNA level of RAGE was significantly decreased in the T1 group compared to that in the DM group (P = 0.0069). CONCLUSION: TWAJJ (high dose) treatment partly restored the morphometric and biomechanical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats.

This study established a near infrared reflectance spectroscopy models for exactly predicting the fat, protein and moisture of the ground and mince beef on line. Using our country' SupNIR-1000 near infrared spectrometer, the models were set up by artificial neural network (ANN). Related coefficient of calibration (r(c)) of fat model of mince was 0.971 and related coefficient of prediction (r(p)) was 0.972. The protein' r(c) and RP were 0.952 and 0.949, respectively. The moisture' r(c) and r(p) were 0.938 and 0.927, respectively. Using ground beef established models, the fat' r(c) and r(p) were 0.935 and 0.810; the protein' r(c) and r(p) were 0.954 and 0.868; the moisture' r(c) and r(p) were 0.930 and 0.913, respectively. So near infrared reflectance spectroscopy can better detect the fat, protein and moisture of mince than ground beef. But basically the ground beef model also can be used to quickly predict the chemical composition on line.