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Periplaneta americana L. (PA), a type of animal medicine, has been widely used for wound healing in clinical settings. In order to further investigate the bioactive wound healing substances in PA, crude PA protein-polysaccharide complexes were further purified by cellulose DE-52 and Sephadex G100 chromatography in succession. Among these isolated fractions, two fractions eluted by 0.3 M and 0.5 M NaCl with the higher yield, respectively named PaPPc2 and PaPPc3 respectively, were chosen for the wound healing experiments. Mediated by HPGPC, amino acid and monosaccharide composition analysis, circular dichroism spectrum, glycosylation type, FT-IR, and

The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius, as a beetle vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode), is an economically important forest pest in Eurasia. To feed on the phloem and xylem of conifers, M. saltuarius needs to overcome various stress factors, including coping with entomopathogenic bacteria and also various plant secondary compounds (PSCs). As an important adaptation strategy to colonize host trees, M. saltuarius deposit eggs in oviposition pits to shield their progeny. These pits harbor bacterial communities that are involved in the host adaptation of M. saltuarius to the conifers. However, the composition, origin, and functions of these oviposition pit bacteria are rarely understood. In this study, we investigated the bacterial community associated with M. saltuarius oviposition pits and their ability to degrade PSCs. Results showed that the bacterial community structure of M. saltuarius oviposition pits significantly differed from that of uninfected phloem. Also, the oviposition pit bacteria were predicted to be enriched in PSC degradation pathways. The microbial community also harbored a lethal strain of Serratia, which was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, metatranscriptome analysis indicated that genes involved in PSCs degradation were expressed complementarily among the microbial communities of oviposition pits and secretions. In vitro degradation showed that bacteria cultured from oviposition pits degraded more monoterpenes and flavonoids than bacteria cultured from uninfected phloem isolates. Disinfection of oviposition pits increased the mortality of newly hatched larvae and resulted in a significant decrease in body weight in the early stages. Overall, our results reveal that M. saltuarius construct oviposition pits that harbor a diverse microbial community, with stronger PSCs degradation abilities and a low abundance of entomopathogenic bacteria, resulting in the increased fitness of newly hatched larvae.

In order to improve the hardness and tribological performance of Ti6Al4V alloy, NiCoCrAlY–B4C composite coatings with B4C of 5%, 10% and 15% (mass fraction) were fabricated on its surface by laser cladding (LC). The morphologies, chemical compositions and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of B4C mass fraction on the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of NiCoCrAlY–B4C coatings were investigated using a ball-on-disc wear tester. The results show that the NiCoCrAlY–B4C coatings with different B4C mass fractions are mainly composed of NiTi, NiTi2, α-Ti, CoO, AlB2, TiC, TiB and TiB2 phases. The COFs and wear rates of NiCoCrAlY–B4C coatings decrease with the increase of B4C content, which are contributed to the improvement of coating hardness by the B4C addition. The wear mechanisms of NiCoCrAlY–B4C coatings are changed from adhesive wear and oxidation wear to fatigue wear with the increase of B4C content.

Purpose Cysteine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2), as a newly discovered oncogene, is overexpressed in several cancers. However, the specific role of CSRP2 and its potential mechanism remain incompletely understood in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods The expression of CSRP2 was explored in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and the results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry tissue microarrays and Western blotting in HNSCC. The effect of CSRP2 on the cancer stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HNSCC cells was investigated by sphere formation, wound healing and transwell assays. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanisms by which CSRP2 modulated cancer stemness and EMT phenotypes in HNSCC. Results CSRP2 expression was markedly higher in HNSCC tissues than in non-tumor tissues, high CSRP2 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Noticeably, overall survival rate of HNSCC patients with high CSRP2 expression level presented worse prognosis. In addition, elevated CSRP2 expression was observed in several HNSCC cell lines and mouse HNSCC cell lines, and CSRP2 knockdown inhibited the sphere formation and apoptosis. Additionally, wound healing and transwell assay results showed that CSRP2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion ability of the HNSCC cells. Furthermore, we found that CSRP2 was closely associated with CSCs markers (CD44, BMI1 and CD133), EMT-transcription factor (Slug), new oncoprotein LAMTOR5, p-S6Ser235/236 and immune checkpoint (VISTA) using Tgfbr1/Pten conditional knockout mice model and mouse HNSCC cell line-derived xenograft models. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that elevated expression of CSRP2 indicates poor prognosis and plays a key role in maintaining the cancer cell stemness and EMT features during the progression of HNSCC, suggesting that CSRP2 may serve as a new and valuable therapeutic target for HNSCC.

The formation of heterojunction structures can effectively prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in semiconductors and result in the enhancement of photoelectric properties. Using TiO

Meteorological disaster is one of the main factors restricting agriculture development in China. It is important to clarify the risk of summer maize agrometeorological disaster for disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the natural disaster risk theory, we collected meteorological data and maize yield data from 1981 to 2018 in a typical area in the northern mountainous area of Sichuan Basin (Wangcang County). The main disaster-causing factors affecting summer maize production were determined. A comprehensive agro-meteorological disaster risk assessment model for summer maize was constructed in combination with the sensitivity of pregnant environment and vulnerability of disaster bearing to evaluate the agrometeorological disasters risk of summer maize production in the northern mountainous area of Sichuan Basin. The results showed that during the study period, high temperature in mature period, rainstorm in flowering period, rainstorm in mature period, continuous rain in filling period and drought in booting stage were the main agrometeorological disasters affecting the growth and development of summer maize. The agrometeorological disaster risk of maize generally distributed in a southwest-northeast pattern, with the distribution areas of high-risk and higher-risk areas accounting for half of the total area of Wangcang County. The high-risk areas were mainly located in the southwest of the county, which was basically consistent with the high-value areas of hazard-pregnant environment sensitivity. The low-risk areas were mostly concentrated in the western part of county territory, which were also low-risk areas of high temperature in mature period, rainstorm in mature period, and rainstorm in flowering period disasters.气象灾害是制约我国农业发展的主要因素之一,明确夏玉米农业气象灾害风险对于防灾减灾具有重要意义。本研究基于自然灾害风险理论,以四川盆地北部山区的典型区域(旺苍县)1981—2018年气象数据和玉米产量数据为基础,确定影响夏玉米生产的主要致灾因子,并结合孕灾环境敏感性及承灾体脆弱性构建夏玉米综合农业气象灾害风险评估模型,对四川盆地北部山区夏玉米生产过程中的农业气象灾害风险进行评估。结果表明: 研究期间,成熟期高温、花期暴雨、成熟期暴雨、灌浆期连阴雨和孕穗期干旱是影响研究区夏玉米生长发育的主要农业气象灾害。旺苍县夏玉米农业气象灾害综合风险分布大致呈西南-东北走向,高风险和较高风险区分布区域约占旺苍县总面积的二分之一;灾害风险高值区主要位于研究区西南部,基本与致灾因子危险性高值区一致;灾害风险低值区多集中在西部边缘,此区域亦为成熟期高温、成熟期暴雨、花期暴雨气象灾害的低风险区。.

Environment stress can promote the synthesis and accumulation of a series of secondary metabolites, which are important quality factors in medicinal plants. However, the data related to metabolites is often too large, making it difficult to screen quickly, accurately and comprehensively various differential compounds. In this study, a high-throughput screening method for differential secondary metabolites produced by medicinal plants under environmental stress has been developed based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) and automatic data analysis strategy. This work uses Sorbus pohuashanensis cells with biotic stress (Harpin protein) and abiotic stress (Cd2+ ) as potential environmental stress factors. The results showed that S. pohuashanensis cells could rapidly respond to both Harpin protein and Cd2+ within 24 h, and a significant positive correlation was observed between their concentration (within a certain range) and induction time. The proposed screening method can automatically screen the bulk UHPLC-QTOF metabolic data for differential compounds with high-throughput, and also perform preliminary identification of their possible structures. The screening results indicated that the stress response of S. pohuashanensis cells to Cd2+ was significantly higher than that of Harpin protein, and all of them could produce a series of biphenyls, terpenes, and other phytoalexins with stress-resistance and physiological functional properties. Overall, the screening method provides an efficient and powerful tool to study the response mechanisms of plants to environmental stress, to improve the resistance of medicinal plants and also to select and breed high-quality Chinese medicinal plants.

We prepared the ternary blends active layer by incorporating a new two-dimensional donor-acceptor (D/A) conjugated polymer (BDTTBO) comprising benzo-dithiophene-thiophene-thiophene-benzo oxadiazole chemical units that has three different conjugated side chains bithiophene (BT), benzothiophene (BzT) and thienothiophene (TT) BDTTBO-BT, BDTTBO-BzT and BDTTBO-TT into poly (benzodithiophene-fluorothienothiophene) (PTB7-TH) and PC71BM as for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). We expected that incorporating these BDTTBO with different side chains into the blend of PTB7-TH and PC71BM not only can broaden the absorption of solar spectrum thereby increasing short-circuit current density but also tune the packing of PTB7-TH and the dispersion of PC71BM. In particular, we found that incorporating 10% of BDTTBO-BT to form the PTB7-TH: BDTTBO-BT: PC71BM ternary blend (active layer) device could improve the power conversion efficiency to 10.4% from 9.0% for the binary blend of PTB7-TH: PC71BM device—a relative increase of 15%. We examined the packing orientations of the PBDTTBO: PTB7-TH:PC71BM ternary blend films using synchrotron two-dimensional grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and found that the incorporation of 10% relatively higher crystallinity PBDTTBO-BT, PBDTTBO-BzT or PBDTTBO-TT not only altered the packing orientation of PTB7-TH substantially but also reduced PC71BM cluster size in the ternary blend system, as compared to that in the case of PTB7-TH with PC71BM binary blend, thereby providing more pathways for electrons and thus enhancing the carrier transport in the ternary blend, as evidenced by the carrier mobility.

This paper reports two new fluorine-substituted polymer donors (BO2FC8, BO2FEH), with different side-chain architectures, and a new chlorine-substituted small-molecule acceptor (m-ITIC-OR-4Cl) that are capable of simultaneous charge and energy transfer as the binary blend active layer for organic photovoltaics. We first resolved the single-crystal structure of m-ITIC-OR-4Cl and then used simultaneous grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering to decipher the multi-length-scale structures—such as the shape and size of aggregated domains and molecular orientation—of the blends of BO2FEH and BO2FC8 with m-ITIC-OR-4Cl. The linear side chains of BO2FC8 facilitated its packing and, thus, induced m-ITIC-OR-4Cl to form smaller disc-shaped aggregated domains (thickness: 2.9 nm) than its aggregate domain (thickness: 5.4 nm) in the blend of the branched BO2FEH. That is, the binary blend system of linear-side-chain BO2FC8 with m-ITIC-OR-4Cl featured larger interfacial areas and more pathways for charge transfer and transport, as evidenced by their carrier mobilities. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.0% was that for the BO2FC8:m-ITIC-OR-4Cl device, being consistent with the predicted PCE of 11.2% using machine learning based on random forest algorism; in comparison, the PCE of the BO2FEH:m-ITIC-OR-4Cl device was 6.4%. This study has not only provided insight into the photovoltaic performances of new polymer donor/small-molecule acceptor blends but has also, for the first time, deciphered the hierarchical morphologies—from molecule orientation to nano-domain shape and size—of such blend systems, linking the morphologies to the photovoltaic performances. The use of side-chain architectures suggests an approach for tuning the morphology of the polymer/small-molecule binary blend active layer for use in organic photovoltaics.

Plants have a memory function for the environmental stress they have suffered. When they are subjected to repeated environmental stress, they can quickly and better activate the response and adaptation mechanism to environmental stress, thus realizing long-term stable reproduction. However, most of the relevant studies are applied to crops and Arabidopsis thaliana rather than medicinal plants about the improvement of plant growth status and the effect on phytoalexin biosynthesis. In this study, yeast extract(YE) was used as an elicitor to simulate biotic stress, and the changes in biomass and the content of some secondary metabolites were measured by giving repeated stresses to Sorbus aucuparia suspension cell(SASC). The results showed that the accumulation levels of biomass and some secondary metabolites in SASC subjected to repeated stress are significantly increased at some time points compared with single stress. A phenomenon that SASC can memorize biotic stress is confirmed in this study and influences phytoalexin accumulation in SASC. Furthermore, the work laid the groundwork for research into the transgenerational stress memory mechanism of medicinal plant.

Exploring the deep space of the universe is crucial to promote research on basic scientific issues, such as the origin of the solar system, evolution of planets, and origin of life. Using probes to detect deep-space objects has become the focus of the development of various aerospace powers. As the deep-space exploration task is performed far away from the earth, it is difficult to guarantee the safe and reliable operation of deep-space probes by relying on ground control networks to guide their navigation; as such, deep-space probes should have autonomous navigation ability. An autonomous navigation system based on sequence images has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, full application, and simple data structure, which can effectively reduce the space and energy burden of the autonomous navigation system of deep-space probes, and is an ideal means to realize autonomous navigation in deep-space probes. However, because of the lack of prior information about deep-space exploration targets and systematic error in a deep-space complex environment, the autonomous navigation system based on sequence images is a typical under-observable system. To improve the accuracy and engineering practicability of typical autonomous navigation systems, it is necessary to guide the design and engineering realization of autonomous navigation systems based on theoretical research on observability. In response to the actual needs of observability theory research, in this paper, we first systematically expound the current research status of existing theories and methods from three aspects: characterization, determination, and quantification of the observability of nonlinear systems. Then, the observability analysis method of a class of under-observation systems—autonomous navigation systems based on sequence images—is investigated. The research status of observability for such systems is given, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Finally, by summarizing existing results, limitations in the observability research of under-observation systems at present and future development trends are discussed.

The dynamics response and power flow propagation in the L-shaped beam with finite dimension were investigated. A L-shaped beam dynamic model was established on the basis of Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT). The analytical solution was obtained and the beam flexural and longitudinal motion was described by using the traveling wave approach. The effects of shear distortion and rotary inertia on the total power flow and its components were examined. Results shown that the structure resonant frequencies are obviously affected by the shear distortion and rotary inertia, especially for the medium and high frequency ranges. The power flow amplitude is obviously increased on the premise of considering the longitudinal vibration. Consequently, the longitudinal vibration should be considered for the power flow and its components in the L-shaped beam.

Ink-printing method emerges as a viable way for manufacturing large-scale flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) devices owing to its potential for the rapid process, mass production, and low-cost nonvacuum device fabrication. Here, we brought the femtosecond laser annealing (fs-LA) process into the ink-printing CIGS thin film preparation. The effects of fs-LA treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the ink-printing CIGS thin films were systematically investigated. It was observed that, while the film surface morphology remained essentially unchanged under superheating, the quality of crystallinity was significantly enhanced after the fs-LA treatment. Moreover, a better stoichiometric composition was achieved with an optimized laser scanning rate of the laser beam, presumably due to the much reduced indium segregation phenomena, which is believed to be beneficial in decreasing the defect states of InSe, VSe, and InCu. Consequently, the shunt leakage current and rec...

In this study, we employed ternary blends capable of energy transfer—a synthesized high-band-gap small molecule (SM-4OMe) comprising benzodithiophene (BDT) and rhodanine units (a molecular structure that was designed for energy transfer), a low-band-gap polymer (PTB7-TH) comprising BDT and thienothiophene units with desired packing orientation, and a fullerene—as active layers for single-junction photovoltaic devices. The light absorption of the small molecule and the polymer was partially complementary, owing to their band gap difference, thereby broadening the absorption spectrum of solar light while maintaining the energy band structures that facilitated energy and charge transfer. The synthesized small molecule SM-4OMe and the PTB7-TH had somewhat similar chemical structures—with the same planar BDT donor units—and thus allowed sufficient mixing between them for energy transfer to take place. The power conversion efficiency of a device incorporating a ternary blend of PTB7-TH:SM-4OMe:PC71BM (0.9 : 0.1 : 1.5, w/w/w) as the active layer, processed with diiodooctane (2 vol%) in chlorobenzene, was 10.4%, which is higher than the value of 8% of the corresponding device incorporating PTB7-TH:PC71BM (1 : 1.5, w/w)—an increase of 30%. We attribute this enhancement to the energy transfer from the high-band-gap small molecule SM-4OMe to the low-band-gap polymer PTB7-TH and to the optimal phase-separated bulk heterojunction morphology that comprises a mean PC71BM cluster size of 6 nm, which is lower than 12 nm for the PTB7-TH and PC71BM binary blends, and slightly better in-plane packing, arising from the inducements of the presence of SM-4OMe. This approach provides a facile and effective way to enhance the power conversion efficiency of single junction organic photovoltaics.

The preparation of carbon materials usually involves the decomposition of precursors and the reorganization of the as-generated fragments. However, the cleavage of bonds and the simultaneous formation of new bonds at nearly the same positions prevents effective yet precise fabrication. Herein, a supramolecular precursor, cucurbit[6]uril, that contains multiple bonds with distinct bond strengths is proposed to decouple the twin problem of simultaneous bond cleavage and formation, allowing multistage transformations to hierarchical porous carbon and metal-doped carbon in a single yet effective pyrolysis step without the need of a template or additional purification. As a proof-of-concept, the Fe-doped carbon electrocatalysts realized a Pt/C-like half-wave potential of 0.869 V vs. RHE and small Tafel slope of 51.3 mV dec-1 in oxygen reduction reaction.

Imaging characteristics of stars and artificial targets in space are very similar in long-distance space-based observation as they are both light spots described by point spread function with a Gaussian distribution. In the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the signal of space artificial targets is faint on the image, which is covered with background and noise signals; thus, it is more difficult to recognize the faint space artificial targets from complex backgrounds. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a fast recognition algorithm for faint targets on the basis of matched filters. First, the imaging model of space artificial targets is built in the star tracking observation mode, wherein space artificial targets and stars appear as streaks and points, respectively. Therefore, the faint point target recognition problem is transferred to faint streak pattern recognition from light spot background. Second, the signal-to-noise ratio is used to define the faint degree of targets to evaluate the recognition limit of the algorithm. Then, a streak element pattern is designed. It is a part of the whole streak pattern; thus, the generation of streak patterns with varying lengths in the progress of matched filter can be avoided, so the calculation is decreased and the recognition speed is increased. Finally, to verify the fast recognition algorithm of faint targets, several images with stars and faint space artificial targets under different signal-to-noise ratios are simulated. The fast recognition algorithm of faint targets is tested using these simulation images; the results reveal that faint targets can be recognized from simulation images using this algorithm when the signal-to-noise ratio is above 0.5.

Two new entangled Cd(II) MOFs, [Cd(Seb)(1,2-mbix)]·H2O (1) and [Cd(Seb)(1,4-mbix)] (2), based on sebacic acid (Seb) mixed with 1,2-bis(2-methyl-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (1,2-mbix) and 1,4-bis(2-methyl-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (1,4-mbix) ligands, have been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and UV–Vis spectra, thermogravimetric and photoluminescent analyses. In 1, the Cd(II) centers are connected by Seb2− and 1,2-mbix into a 3D framework with a 4-fold interpenetrating dia topology. When 1,2-mbix was replaced by 1,4-mbix, a distinct structure for 2 was constructed, which is a 2D interpenetrating network containing both polyrotaxane and polycatenane features. This result demonstrates the important role of the two position isomeric bis(2-methyl-imidazole) ligands to their structural diversity. 1 and 2 dispay photoluminescence at 368 nm (λex = 247 nm) and 401 nm (λex = 306 nm), respectively. And both MOFs exhibit selective sensing toward Fe3+ through the luminescent quenching experiments.

Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is a health food and a sulfur-free herbal medicine that is one of the most heavily sulfur-fumigated herbs in the marketplace. In this work, a comprehensive approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis was developed to identify characteristic sulfur-fumigation markers, elucidate chemical transformation mechanisms and characterize the degree of sulfur-fumigation of AB. Non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated AB samples were compared by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Three triterpene saponins (Betavulgarosides II–IV) and two amides (Feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine and Moupinamide) were identified as characteristic markers, which were positively correlated with two active AB components, namely oleanic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Moreover, the extent of the sulfur-fumigation under different weight ratios of sulfur to herbal materials (1:20, 1:40, and 1:80) was analyzed based on chemical transformations and sulfur dioxide residues. Further verification showed that the ratio of 1:40 within 1 h was reasonable and efficient for herb quality preservation and assurance. This study provides a reliable sulfur-fumigation protocol for the quality control of AB and other herbs.

The quasielastic scattering angular distribution of 17C from a carbon target at 40MeV/nucleon was measured using the inverse kinematics method. The analysis of the experimental data was started using the optical model. The data were reproduced very well and the optical potential in the Woods-Saxon form was obtained. Within the framework of the coupled-channel method, the contribution from the inelastic channels to the experimental data is found significant at large angles. A systematic analysis of the elastic/quasielastic scattering of 11-13,17C + 12C was performed as well. The present work indicates that 17C is a normal nucleus whose radius is not anomalously large.

In photovoltaic devices, more effective transfer of dissociated electrons and holes from the active layer to the respective electrodes will result in higher fill factors and short-circuit current densities and, thus, enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Planar perovskite photovoltaics feature an active layer that can provide a large exciton diffusion length, reaching several micrometers, but require efficient carrier transport layers for charge extraction. In this study, we employed two nanocomposite carrier transfer layers—an electron transport layer (ETL) comprising [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) doped with the small molecule 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), to enhance the electron mobility, and a hole transfer layer (HTL) comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) doped with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets, to enhance the hole mobility. We used ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the energy levels of these composite ETLs and HTLs; atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to probe their surface structures; and transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to decipher the structures of the ETLs. Adding a small amount (less than 1%) of Bphen allowed us to tune the energy levels of the ETL and decrease the size of the PC61BM clusters and, therefore, generate more PC61BM aggregation domains to provide more pathways for electron transport, leading to enhanced PCEs of the resulting perovskite devices. We used quantitative pump-probe data to resolve the carrier dynamics from the perovskite to the ETL and HTL, and observed a smaller possibility of carrier recombination and a shorter injection lifetime in the perovskite solar cell doubly modified with carrier transport layers, resulting in an enhancement of the PCE. The PCE reached 16% for a planar inverted perovskite device featuring an ETL incorporating 0.5 wt% Bphen within PC61BM and 0.1 wt% MoS2 within PEDOT:PSS; this PCE is more than 50% higher than the value of 10.2% for the corresponding control device.

The tailor welded blank stamping is a complicated process with numerous forming parameters, so it is difficult to determine the relationship between the forming parameters and the formability. The TWBs forming is numerically simulated by an orthogonal experiment design while the thickness ratio, blank holder force and frictional coefficient are forming parameters, and the maximum thickness thinning and the maximum weld movement are index. The influencing degree of forming parameters on the index and the optimal combination of forming parameters are analyzed. The optimization design is used to carry out numerical simulation and verification which can effectively improve stamping formability of TWBs. The simulation results also show that optimization schemes can offer the reference for the forming parameters optimization of the TWBs.

Polyaniline modified graphene oxide (PANI/GO) composites were synthesized by dilute polymerization technique and were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scan- ning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization results indicated that polyaniline molecules were successfully grafted on GO surfaces. The application of PANI/GO composites to the adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solu- tions was investigated under ambient conditions. The maximum adsorption capacities of Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and U(VI) ions on PANI/GO composites calculated from Langmuir models are 22.28, 25.67, 65.40 and 1552.31 mg/g, respec- tively. The excellent adsorption capacity suggests that PANI/GO composites can be applied as a promising adsorbent in heavy metal pollution cleanup in environmental pollution management.

To study the effect of different storage time on the chemical compositions and sulfur dioxide residues of sulfur-fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), and provide scientific basis for solving the quality and safety issues of sulfur-fumigated traditional Chinese medicinal materials. GR, sulfur-fumigated GR and its medicinal slices were stored under the same conditions, and then 8 active ingredients and sulfur dioxide residues were measured respectively. The results showed that the content of gastrodins in sulfur-fumigated GR and its medicinal slices was significantly lower than that in the non-fumigated GR. Moreover, the content of sulfur dioxide residue in sulfur-fumigated GR was significantly higher than that in its medicinal slices. That is to say, sulfur fumigation degree had significantly higher effect on GR quality as compared with its medicinal slices. During the whole storage time (8 months), the content of the eight chemical components in GR was not changed greatly in general. However, after the storage for 4 months, the content of 8 components and sulfur dioxide residues in all of GR samples were significantly changed. In particular, the content of sulfur dioxide residue in GR medicinal materials decreased up to 50% or more.

Studies on the characteristic chemical markers of sulfur fumigation have become an effective auxiliary way for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. This study established a quantitative analysis method for the determination of

Ink-printing method emerges as a viable way for manufacturing large-scale flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se

In this paper, Faster R-CNN was employed to recognize the CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart). Unlike traditional method, the proposed method is based on deep learning object detection framework. By inputting the database into the network and training the Faster R-CNN, the feature map can be obtained through the convolutional layers. The proposed method can recognize the character and it is location. Experiments show that Faster R-CNN can be used in CAPTCHA recognition with promising speed and accuracy. The experimental results also show that the mAP (mean average precision) value will improve with the depth of the network increasing.

Hydro-thermal method was used to prepare semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers with sodium oleate as surfactant during the process of preparation and modification integration of calcium sulfate whiskers. Electronic biological microscope was adopted to observe the morphology of semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers. FTIR was used to analyze the surface state of unmodified and modified semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers. The experimental results showed that when the dosage of sodium oleate is less than 0.02%, the morphology of whiskers appears to be fibrous. Different sodium oleate dosages affect the morphology of semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers remarkably and there exists chemisorption between sodium oleate and semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers.

In this paper, a novel pentacle-based visualization strategy is used to generate numerical feature for network visiting data. A 20-dimensional feature set is built for the 5-class classifier so as to establish an accurate intrusion detection system. By integrating the proposed 20 new features with the built-in feature sets, which consists of 41 features, the new intrusion detection system achieves an accuracy of 99.588%.

We report that the intensity of the blue fluorescence of copper nanoclusters coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) is strongly reduced in the presence of the food dyestuffs Sudan I-IV. This finding was exploited in a label-free fluorescence assay for these Sudan dyes both in ethanol and aqueous solutions. The PEI-capped nanoclusters have an average diameter of 1.8 nm and are displaying, under 355 nm excitation, a blue emission at 480 nm that matches the absorption bands of the Sudan dyes. The clusters are stable in solution for at least 1 month. Under optimum conditions, this assay can be applied to the quantification of the dyes Sudan I, II, III, and IV, respectively, in the 0.1−30, 0.1–30, 0.1–25, and 0.1–25 μM concentration ranges, and the detection limits (3σ/slope) are 65, 70, 45, and 50 nM, respectively. The capability of reducing the fluorescence of the PEI-capped copper nanoclusters is directly related to the number of the functional groups in that Sudan III and IV give lower detection limits. This analytical scheme exhibits a remarkably high selectivity for the Sudan dyes over potentially interfering substances. The method was successfully applied to determine Sudan I, II, III, and IV in hot chilli powder.

Three transition metal complexes based on 4′-p-tolyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (ttpy) and SCN−, [Mn2(ttpy)2(SCN)3Cl] (1), [Co2(ttpy)2(SCN)4]·H2O (2) and [Ni(ttpy)(SCN)2]2 (3), have been hydrothermally synthesized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the three complexes display discrete molecules with three distinct structures caused by the different coordination geometry of the transition metal centers. Complex 1 contains two neutral independent components of mononuclear [Mn(ttpy)(SCN)2] and binuclear [Mn(ttpy)(SCN)Cl]2. Complex 2 shows an ion-pair bicomponent structure of [Co(ttpy)2]2+ and [Co(SCN)4]2−. Complex 3 shows a binuclear structure bridged by two end-to-end bridging SCN− anions. Magnetic properties of the three complexes have been investigated.

The thermal reaction of C

The facile one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with aldehydes and primary amines in the presence of cheap and easily available Cu(OAc)

Deformed even–even nuclei Barium isotopes with quadrupole–octupole deformations are investigated on the basis of a collective model. The model describes energy levels of the yrast band with alternating parity in the neutron-rich $$^{140,142,144,146,148}$$ Ba. The structure of the alternating parity bands is examined by odd–even $$(\Delta I =1)$$ staggering diagrams. An analytical method of the collective model is proposed for the calculation of E2 transition probabilities in alternating spectra of the nuclei $${}^{140,142,144,146}$$ Ba.

We demonstrate the advantages of femtosecond laser annealing on non-vacuum CIGS thin films. The PL spectra implied some defect-levels or band-fluctuations were eliminated, and the conversion efficiency and ideal factor were enhanced after laser annealing.