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In order to unravel the cadmium (Cd) enrichment patterns in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different exogenous exposure pathways, the pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Cd was added to the soil-rice system via mixing soil with Cd-containing solution, irrigating the pots with Cd-containing water and leaf-spraying with Cd solution to simulate soil pollution (SPS), irrigation water pollution (IPS), and atmospheric deposit pollution sources (APS), respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in plant height and rice grain yield were observed among all treatments including three different Cd pollution sources and control. The contents of Cd in rice plants significantly (p stems > leaves > husk > brown rice, while it was leaves > roots > stems > husk > brown rice treated with APS. At the same level of treatment, the highest concentration of Cd was observed in rice organs (except for middle and high concentrations treatment roots) grown under APS, followed by IPS and SPS, suggesting that the Cd bioavailability from different pollution sources followed the order of APS > IPS > SPS. It is concluded that the atmospheric pollution contributed more enrichment of rice with Cd. Therefore, in field environment, air deposits should also be analyzed for toxic metals during assessment of food chain contamination and health risk.

Due to the high altitude of plateau cities and strong ultraviolet radiation, the sources and fates of volatile organic compounds show unique characteristics. In this study, the atmospheric volatile organic compound (VOCs) samples were collected at two urban sites and one background site using tank sampling in Lhasa in 2019, and then the composition, concentration, and sources were characterized. The results showed that the average

When the operation and maintenance station performs cable maintenance, installation measures, etc., due to the lack of direct and effective tools, and the complicated wiring of the operation and maintenance station equipment, the wiring diagram is inconsistent with the actual situation, which brings risks to the removal of waste cables. As an indispensable safety tool in the power industry, the cable identification device is an important means to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel. In view of the current situation, this paper analyzes the electric field around the cable line of the operation and maintenance station, and simplifies the simulation of the line, and proposes a secondary cable identification device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which can quickly identify the target cable, which greatly improves the cable identification performance. Efficiency reduces the time for cable identification and improves safety.

In order to unravel the cadmium (Cd) enrichment patterns in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different exogenous exposure pathways, the pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Cd was added to the soil-rice system via mixing soil with Cd-containing solution, irrigating the pots with Cd-containing water and leaf-spraying with Cd solution to simulate soil pollution (SPS), irrigation water pollution (IPS), and atmospheric deposit pollution sources (APS), respectively. No significant (p 0.05) differences in plant height and rice grain yield were observed among all treatments including three different Cd pollution sources and control. The contents of Cd in rice plants significantly (p 0.05) increased with increase in Cd concentrations in three pollution sources. The distribution pattern of Cd in the rice plant organs treated with SPS and IPS followed the order: rootsstemsleaveshuskbrown rice, while it was leavesrootsstemshuskbrown rice treated with APS. At the same level of treatment, the highest concentration of Cd was observed in rice organs (except for middle and high concentrations treatment roots) grown under APS, followed by IPS and SPS, suggesting that the Cd bioavailability from different pollution sources followed the order of APS IPS SPS. It is concluded that the atmospheric pollution contributed more enrichment of rice with Cd. Therefore, in field environment, air deposits should also be analyzed for toxic metals during assessment of food chain contamination and health risk.

In this study, Zn–Al coatings were co-deposited on AISI 1020 steel by pack cementation. The as-prepared coatings were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscopy, and X–ray diffraction. The evolution mechanism of the coating was modelled and analysed in detail. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the as-received coatings was investigated by a potentiodynamic polarisation test in a 3.5% NaCl solution. We observed that the relatively loose and porous structure of those coatings was a function of the Al content in the packed powders. The regions with a natural porous structure evidently increase with an increase in Al concentration. The Zn-rich layer was formed because of the dominant inward diffusion of Zn with a small diffusion of Fe in the substrate. Thus, the Zn-rich layer/substrate interface moved into the ferrous substrate. As the reaction continued, the deposition of Al dominated. The interdiffusion of Al and Zn in the Zn-rich layer and the diffusion of Fe into the Zn-rich layer towards the Al-rich layer led to the nucleation and growth of the Fe–Al phases and the consumption of the Zn-rich layer. As a consequence, the Al-rich layer/Zn-rich layer interface moved inside the Zn-rich layer. At higher deposition temperatures, when the heat was released because of the Fe–Al phase formation, the evaporation of Zn resulted in void formation in the Al-rich layer. The potentiodynamic polarisation test results show that both Zn and Zn–Al coatings significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of a ferrous substrate, but Zn–Al coatings seem to be more efficient.

The characterization of surface wear resistance of materials usually relies on the measurement of slight wear. There are two obvious shortcomings for weighing method. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, a more intuitive and reliable method for quantitative measurement of slight wear, interference microscope method, has be given. Higher accuracy (the order of micrometer) can be achieved using the interferometry for the measurement of slight wear. The results show that the masking processing technology can ensure that all samples for wear testing and other analysis are obtained under the same pretreatment conditions and vacuum processing conditions, speed up the commercialization of processing technology, and comparing the cross-sectional areas of wear scars is a correct way to characterize the wear resistance of different zones.