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To establish a diatom database by analyzing the quatity, species distribution and differences of diatom in water samples of the whole navigable sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, to provide a reference for the inference of the drowning site.Water samples were collected at 22 sites in the navigable sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (Jining section to Yangzhou Section), and the diatoms at each site were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by using graphite digestion-scanning electron microscopy.Sampling site T (Laohuaijiang River Line, Gaoyou City, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) had the highest number of diatoms, while sampling site O (Siyang County, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province) had the lowest number of diatoms, with a large gap of 68 times. At sampling site Q (Jiangpu District, Huaian city, Jiangsu Province), there were 19 species of diatoms. The sampling site O had the least diatoms, with 7 species. There were no significant differences in species evenness and species diversity at each sampling site (The species richness of diatoms gradually increased from north to south. Diatom species richness and species diversity might be higher in areas with complex environments and large population flow. Climate type has a certain influence on the distribution of diatoms.

The Hubei province is one of the most schistosomiasis-epidemic-prone provinces in China. A series of strategies were adopted by the government to curb the rebound schistosomiasis endemic status that has prevailed since the early 2000s. This study aimed to elucidate the trends of schistosomiasis transmission and to appraise the effectiveness of the integrated control strategy in lake and marshland areas.Surveillance data of schistosomiasis in the Hubei province between 2005 and 2018 were analyzed, including conventional health control measures, integrated strategies, and measures that focused on the infection source. According to the local annual plan for schistosomiasis control in endemic counties, previous measures were human and snail control and surveillance. Residents aged 6-65 years were screened by an immunological detection method called indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) after the transmission season each year. All residents who tested positive were then asked to provide a fecal sample for examination by the miracidium hatching technique (MHT) to detect the presence of schistosomes. Moreover, systematic snail surveys were conducted as a part of the combined environmental sampling method. The latter included integrated strategies and measures that focused on the infection source. Bovine stool samples were also collected and concurrently assessed using the MHT by the agriculture department, river-hardening slope protection was constructed by the water conservancy department, and forestation promotion was conducted by the forest department. The effectiveness of the integrated control strategy was assessed using two indicators of resident and livestock infection rates and three indicators of snail epidemics across all endemic areas.From 2005 to 2018, a total of 28. 46 million and 2. 05 million residents were assessed by immunological (IHA) and etiological (MHT) detection techniques, respectively. Snail surveys and molluscicide application were performed in 2. 26 hectares and 0. 37 hectares, respectively. Moreover, 2. 60 million bovines were assessed by etiological detection techniques (MHT). The river-hardening slope protection project was implemented in 503 places, and 46 thousand hectares in endemic areas underwent environmental modification. Forestation was implemented at an area of 0. 15 million hectares. Between 2005 and 2018, the epidemic indicators, including resident and livestock infection rates and the infested areas and infection rate of snails, all presented downward trends. The resident infection rate decreased from 3. 78% in 2005 to 0% in 2016, which persisted through 2018. The livestock infection rate decreased from 5. 63% in 2005 to 0% in 2013, which also persisted through 2018. From 2005 to 2018, the snail-inhabited area was slightly reduced, but the area of infected snails decreased to 0 in 2012; this persisted through 2018. All counties met the goal for schistosomiasis infection control, transmission control, and disruption of schistosomiasis activity in 2008, 2013, and 2018 separately. That means the goal has been achieved in each stage.The decline of the schistosomiasis epidemic rate demonstrates that the Chinese government was successful in meeting its public health goal in Hubei province. In the next decade, precision interventions must be implemented in endemic counties with a relatively low epidemic status to achieve the goals of the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. A similar strategy can be applied in other countries to eliminate schistosomiasis globally.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the incidence and identify risk factors of pressure injury development during the perioperative period in patients undergoing spinal surgery requiring intraoperative positioning in the prone position. Design Review of medical records. Subjects and setting The sample comprised 3834 patients; 52.2% (n = 2006) were male and 65.5% (n = 2516) were older than 60 years. Most patients underwent surgery of the lumbosacral spinal segments (43.4%, n = 1667) followed by cervical (32.3%, n = 1241) and thoracic spinal segments (24.2%, n = 932). The study setting was the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiang XI Province in southeastern China. Methods We reviewed charts of patients who underwent spinal surgery requiring intraoperative positioning in the prone position from November 2013 to July 2016. Demographic data, Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk cumulative score (measured before preoperative transport), body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery, preoperative time (time between preoperative transport from the inpatient unit to when the operation began), postoperative time (time between when the operation was over and postoperative transport to the inpatient unit), and development of any pressure injury were collected using a standardized form. Factors associated with an increased or decreased likelihood of pressure injury were initially evaluated with χ and independent t tests. Logistic regression was then used to identify potential risk factors for perioperative pressure injury in patients undergoing open spinal surgery requiring placement in the supine position during surgery. Results One hundred eighty-four of 3840 patients (4.7%) developed pressure injuries. Multivariate analysis indicated that factors associated with intraoperative pressure injury development were older than 60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-2.17), BMI under 18 kg/m (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 4.05-5.21), cumulative Braden Scale score 13 or less (OR = 6.59, CI = 2.23-3.98), prolonged preoperative time (OR = 5.99, 95% CI = 3.21-6.12), and prolonged postoperative time (OR = 14.23, 95% CI = 10.23-21.19). Conclusions Based on these findings we recommend extending preventive interventions for pressure injury to incorporate the time from preoperative transport to the surgical suite to inpatient care unit following surgery.

Distinct circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity was observed in chiral (C∧N∧N)Pt(II) [(C∧N∧N) = 4,5-pinene-6'-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine] complexes with bis- or triphenylphosphine ligands. Compared to the pseudo-square-planar geometry of chiral (C∧N∧N)Pt(II) complexes with chloride, phenylacetylene (PPV) and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (Dmpi) ligands, the coordination configuration around the Pt(II) nucleus of chiral (C∧N∧N)Pt(II) complexes with bulk phosphine ligands is far more distorted. The geometry is straightforwardly confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The phosphines' participation enhanced the CPL signal of Pt(II) complexes profoundly, with the dissymmetry factor (g lum) up to 10-3. The distorted structures and enhanced chiroptical signals were further confirmed by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.

Informal learning is an important part of active learning in higher education. It is of great significance to create a good informal learning space for higher education. However, the current design of university buildings is lack of quality informal learning space. This paper analyzes the relationship between complex network analysis and student behavior, and finds that there exists a close relationship between them. The spatial structure has the essential impact on the distribution of the informal learning. The construction of streamline system places an important role in the formation of learning space network. The density of the network relationship is not a key factor, but the relationship model presents more important. The cohesion of network plays an important role in the formation of spatial network of learning. In the network structure, since the groups with cohesion power are capable to convey the information even faster, the regeneration inside the groups can be achieved through the flow of resource/information.

Background Oxymatrine (OM), a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from a herb Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, has been used to treat liver fibrotic diseases. However, the mechanism of its anti-fibrosis effects is still unclear. TGF-β/Smad signaling and miR-195 have been proved to paly an important role in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether OM could inhibit HSCs activation through TGF-β1/miR-195/Smads signaling or not. Methods First, the effects of OM on HSC-T6 in different concentrations and time points were tested by MTT assay. We choose three appropriate concentrations of OM as treatment concentrations in following experiment. By Quantitative Real-time PCR and Western Blot, then we investigated the effect of OM on miR-195, Smad7 and α-SMA’s expressions to prove the correlation between OM and the TGF-β1/miR-195/Smads signaling. Last, miR-195 mimic and INF-γ were used to investigate the relation between miR-195 and OM in HSC activation. Results Our results showed that the proliferation of HSC was significantly inhibited when OM concentration was higher than 200 μg/mL after 24 h, 100 μg/mL after 48 h and 10 μg/mL after 72 h. The IC50 of OM after 24, 48 and 72 h were 539, 454, 387 μg/mL respectively. OM could down-regulate miR-195 and α-SMA (P

In this study, to explore the impact of nitrogen on chemical composition, morphology, microstructure, as well as intrinsic stress of titanium films, nitrogen-doped titanium thin films prepared by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering, with different ratio of nitrogen doping into the Argon gas, have been characterized. After the check of grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR), thickness of all samples were ensured to be approximately 40 nm. Using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen atoms were found to transform Ti crystals from the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) α -Ti phase with Ti(1 0 0) and Ti(0 0 2) orientation to the face-centered cubic (fcc) δ -TiN phase with TiN(1 1 1) and TiN(2 0 0) orientations, accompanied by the formation of TiO and TiON. XRD diffraction patterns further revealed the expansion of the TiN lattice and the intensity transform of TiN(1 1 1) and TiN(2 0 0). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results indicated that the surface roughness declined continuously. A compressive stress was found to increase gradually with increasing nitrogen content. Variations in stress are caused by the expansion of the crystal lattice. It is obvious that the incorporation of nitrogen into titanium films can effectively reduce the roughness, but it will result in an increase in the compressive stress. Therefore, an appropriate nitrogen partial pressure should be chosen to control the intrinsic stress while reducing the roughness effectively.

Boron carbide (B 4 C) coatings have high reflectivity and are widely used as mirrors for free-electron lasers in the x-ray range. However, B 4 C coatings fabricated by direct-current magnetron sputtering show a strong compressive stress of about −3 GPa. By changing the argon gas pressure and nitrogen-argon gas mixing ratio, we are able to reduce the intrinsic stress to less than −1 GPa for a 50-nm-thick B 4 C coating. It is found that the stress in a coating deposited at 10 mTorr is −0.69 GPa, the rms roughness of the coating surface is 0.53 nm, and the coating reflectivity is 88%, which is lower than those of coatings produced at lower working pressures. When the working gas contains 8% nitrogen and 92% argon, the B 4 C coating shows not only −1.19 GPa stress but also a low rms roughness of 0.16 nm, and the measured reflectivity is 93% at the wavelength of 0.154 nm.

Objective To understand the qualification of technicians in parasitic disease control in Hubei Province by analyzing the rusults of technique competition in 2015.Provincial competitions on basic knowledge and on skills were conducted among 68 technicians in 17 cities （prefectures） in May 2015. The results were collected and analyzed with SPSS18.0 software. Scores were descriptively analyzed, and group comparisons were made by t-test and ANOVA.The average score of the 68 competitors was 77.6, with a passing rate of 76.5%. In detail, the average scores of blood slide-making, Plasmodium detection, Kato-Katz slide-making and helminth egg detection were 9.3（passing rate, 98.5%）, 14.2 （32.4%）, 8.6 （98.53%） and 22.6 （27.9%） respectively. The average scores on theoretical knowledge and blood slide-making of female competitors were （84.5±17.3） and （9.4±0.4）, respectively, significantly higher than those of the males （70.7±21.1, 9.1±0.9 respectively） （P0.05）. The scores of Plasmodium microscopy and egg microscopy were higher in competitors from counties［（16.3±8.0）, （25.8±12.0）］ than in those from cities/prefectures ［（12.5±6.5）, （20.0±10.8）］ （P0.05）. In addition, the average scores on theoretical knowledge and egg dection were higher in competitors from districts with schistosomiasis control task ［（84.4±18.4）, （25.4±11.0）］ than in those from areas without schistosomiasis control task［（61.1±14.7）, （16.0±10.8）］（P0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in scores of various items among competitors of different ages and with professional ranks (P0.05).There is a good overall performance among the professionals but an imbalance in detecting capability in different areas. The microscopic examination skill also needs to be improved.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we investigated the serum miRNAs expression profiles in the serum of SLE and healthy controls, and identified the potential serum biomarkers for SLE. We screened and identified the differentially expressed miRNAs such as miR-371b-5p, miR-5100, miR-146a-5p among active SLE, inactive SLE and healthy controls based on the miRNAs expression array. Furthermore, the results of RT-qPCR confirmed that miR-371b-5p and miR-5100 expression was different among active SLE, inactive SLE and healthy controls. Moreover, we performed in a large cohort which we validated that expression of miR-371b-5p and miR-5100 was increased significantly in the serum of SLE compared with healthy controls and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and was also higher in active SLE than that in inactive SLE. In addition, we found the associations between the expression levels of miR-371b-5p and miR-5100 and these clinical parameters of SLE. These results suggested that miR-371b-5p and miR-5100 may act as serum biomarkers for SLE.

Ceramidases hydrolyze ceramide into sphingosine and fatty acids. In mammals, ceramidases function as key regulators of sphingolipid homeostasis, but little is known about their roles in plants. Here we characterize the Arabidopsis ceramidase AtACER, a homolog of human alkaline ceramidases. The acer-1 T-DNA insertion mutant has pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduction of leaf size, dwarfing and an irregular wax layer, compared with wild-type plants. Quantitative sphingolipid profiling showed that acer-1 mutants and the artificial microRNA-mediated silenced line amiR-ACER-1 have high ceramide levels and decreased long chain bases. AtACER localizes predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum, and partially to the Golgi complex. Furthermore, we found that acer-1 mutants and AtACER RNAi lines showed increased sensitivity to salt stress, and lines overexpressing AtACER showed increased tolerance to salt stress. Reduction of AtACER also increased plant susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. Our data highlight the key biological functions of ceramidases in biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.

Background: One-lung ventilation (OLV) is routinely used in esophagectomy to facilitate surgery. Lung injury may be induced by a "multiple-hit" mechanism. The aim of this study was to determine whether combined intervention using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and air reinflation can reduce lung injury after OLV. Methods: Patients scheduled for esophagectomy were enrolled in this prospective study. These patients were assigned randomly to four different groups. In the control group (N=24), the collapsed lung was reinflated with 80% oxygen. In the air reinflation group (N=25), room air was used to regain two-lung ventilation. In the CPAP group (N=24), 5 cm H2O CPAP was administered to the contralateral lung during OLV. In the CPAP+AIR group (N=24), the contralateral lung received CPAP during OLV, and room air was used for reinflation of the lung. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were measured at baseline (10 minutes after two lung ventilation) and 3 hours after reinflation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained 30 minutes after lung re-expansion for measurements of surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) and surfactant apoprotein C (SP-C). Computerized tomography was used to precisely detect micro-atelectasis on the fourth postoperative day. Results: Compared with the control group, CPAP and combined intervention increased arterial oxygen pressure levels 60 minutes after OLV (164±43 vs. 217±43; 164±43 vs. 216±52, P

The outcomes of a research focusing on water modeling and Fluid-Structure Interaction by ALE and SPH in LSTC/LS-Dyna971 are presented in this paper. Firstly the water impact behaviors of a rigid wedge are modeled with water region by ALE and SPH. The size of fluid elements plays critical role to the numerical results, so three different cases varied in mesh or particle spacing both in ALE and SPH methods are detailed discussed. The numerical results are compared both one to the others and to the experimental and theoretical results in terms of vertical velocity and slamming force, which can be concluded that the more elements modeled in the simulation, the better approximation with the experiment results. An additional discussion of propagation of pressure wave by SPH and CPU time are also presented.

The impact on water of aeronautical structures is likely to turn into a tragic event. In view of this, it is essential to develop new solutions to design worthy structure that can assure best behavior. The Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a mesh-free interpolation method which is a recent numerical analysis technique. One example of water impact based on SPH is presented here, which aims at an accurate numerical simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) in free surface flow context. The example describes a rigid sphere impacting onto water, presenting the global impact behavior as well as comparing the impact coefficient with analytical and experimental results. The SPH method is proved to be a reliable and efficient numerical tool.

Sphingolipids have essential structural and bioactive functions in membranes and in signaling. However, how plants regulate sphingolipid biosynthesis in the response to stress remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the plant hormone ethylene can modulate sphingolipid synthesis. The fungal toxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1) inhibits the activity of ceramide synthases, perturbing sphingolipid homeostasis and thus inducing cell death. We used FB1 to test the role of ethylene signaling in sphingolipid synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The etr1-1 and ein2 mutants, which have disrupted ethylene signaling, exhibited hypersensitivity to FB1; by contrast, the eto1-1 and ctr1-1 mutants, which have enhanced ethylene signaling, exhibited increased tolerance to FB1. Gene expression analysis showed that during FB1 treatment, transcripts of genes involved in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis were down-regulated in ctr1-1 mutants but up-regulated in ein2 mutants. Strikingly, under normal conditions, ctr1-1 mutants contained less ceramides and hydroxyceramides, compared with wild type. After FB1 treatment, ctr1-1 and ein2 mutants showed a significant improvement in sphingolipid contents, except the ctr1-1 mutants showed little change in hydroxyceramide levels. Treatment of wild-type seedlings with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) down-regulated genes involved in the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis pathway, thus reducing sphingolipid contents and partially rescuing FB1-induced cell death. Taking these results together, we propose that ethylene modulates sphingolipids by regulating the expression of genes related to the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) free fatty acid (FFA) levels in a cohort of patients with an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In a prospective study, FFA levels were measured using an enzyme cycling method on admission in serum and CSF of 252 consecutive patients with AIS. The prognostic value of FFA to predict the functional outcome and mortality within 90-day was compared with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and with other known outcome predictors. Serum and CSF levels of FFA increased with increasing severity of stroke as defined by the NIHSS score (all P

Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that ketamine has quick, obvious and persistent antidepressant-like effect, but such side effects as cardiovascular system excitement and hallucinogenic activity have limited its clinical application. Intravenous anesthetic propofol can remarkably inhibit or eliminate ketamine's side effects including cardiovascular system excitement and hallucinogenic activity even in a sub-anesthesia dose. However, effect of propofol on rapid antidepressant-like action induced by ketamine still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate effect of pretreatment with propofol on the ketamine-induced rapid antidepressant-like action in rats receiving forced swimming test. Open field test and forced swimming test were used to investigate behavior changes of rats receiving different medication. Expression of brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) pGluR1-Ser845 in hippocampus was measured with sandwich-ELISA and Western Blot, respectively. Results demonstrated that rats receiving propofol alone showed neither antidepressant-like effects nor increased BDNF content; pretreatment with propofol could increase the ketamine-induced antidepressant-like effects and the expression of AMPA pGluR1-Ser845 in hippocampus, but could not further reinforce the increased BDNF content induced by ketamine in hippocampus; after AMPA receptor was antagonized, the strengthening effect of propofol on ketamine-induced antidepressant-like action significantly decreased. The results indicated that propofol in a sub-anesthetic dose could increase the ketamine-induced antidepressant-like effect.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12) in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). All consecutive patients with first-ever AIS from January 2014 to August 2014 were recruited to participate in the study. CXCL12 and NIH Stroke Scale were measured at the time of admission. Short-term functional outcome was measured by modified Rankin scale 3 months after admission. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of serum CXCL12 in diagnosing stroke and prognosing functional outcome. From 375 screened patients, a total of 288 patients with first-ever AIS were included in this study. Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum CXCL12 levels as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of AIS was projected to be 3.5 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 88.1 % and a specificity of 73.5 %, with the area under the curve at 0.907 (95 % CI 0.882–0.932). In multivariate analysis, there was an increased risk of unfavorable outcome associated with serum CXCL12 levels ≥7.6 ng/mL (OR 4.356, 95 % CI 2.993–7.132, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for possible confounders. Our study demonstrated that elevated serum CXCL12 level at admission was an independent diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with AIS.

To observe the effect of acupuncture therapy on 14-3-3, Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels in the cerebral cortex in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams were delivered either vaginally (normal group), or by C-section (sham-operation group) or by C-section with 5 min of global anoxia (anoxia group), with 8 rats in each group. The rat pups of the anoxia group were randomly divided into model group and acupuncture group (n =8). Acupuncture stimulation of "Naosanzhen" "Niesanzhen" and "Zhisanzhen" acupoints was given begin- ning from the 14th day after birth, once daily for 7 consecutive days. All rat pups were killed by decapitation on day 21 after birth, and then 14-3-3, Bcl-2 and Bax immunoactivity (expression) in the cerebral cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry.In comparison with the normal group, the expression level of cerebral cortical 14-3-3 was significantly decreased, and that of Bax remarkably increased in the model group (P0. 01, P0. 05). Compared to the model group, cortical 14-3-3 and Bcl-2 expression levels were markedly up-regulated in the acupuncture group (P0.01, P0.05). Compared to the normal group, cortical 14-3-3 expression level was obviously lower, but Bax expression level significantly higher in the sham-operation group (P0. 05, P0. 01). No significant differences were found between the model and normal groups in the expression levels of Bcl-2, and between the acupuncture and model groups in the expression levels of Bax (P0. 05).Acupuncture intervention can increase the expression of 14-3-3 and Bcl-2 in the cerebral cortex in HIBD rats.

To evaluate the effects of the schistosomiasis control mode ("Hubei mode") that includes "comprehensive measures in a whole endemic county", "co-action of Health Ministry and Province" and "replacing cattle with machine" in Hubei Province.The data of schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2012 were collected and a database including the annual schistosome infections of human and cattle, acute schistosome infection, outbreak of schistosomiasis endemic, schistosome infected Oncomelania hupensis snails, and other prevention indicators was established and analyzed by using SPSS.Compared with 2008, in 2012, the infection rates declined by 64.91% and 88.63% in human and cattle respectively. The area with snails decreased from 5423.85 hm2 in 2008 to zero. There were no acute schistosomiasis patients and outbreak of schistosomiasis endemic.The schistosomiasis control mode ("Hubei mode") is effective significantly.

Objective To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Yixuesheng capsule (益血生胶囊, YXS) combined with recombination human erythropoietin (RHE) in treating male neoplastic anemia (NA).

The sources of clinical efficacy of slow needle insertion is discussed. From the basic factors of slow needle insertion, the requirements of this manipulation, main points of 4 steps (to straight the needle, to press softly, to twirl the needle and to hold without brute force), keys of operation and its significance are analyzed. Slow needle insertion is not only beneficial to the management and regulation of Shen (spirit) and induction of qi in the process of the spirit unity of doctor and patient, but also accumulates the needling sensation among three levels of the superficial, middled and deep layers of an acupoint, which could promote the curative effect.

Objective: In this study, the effects of scalp acupuncture on the number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic indexes were deterrmined in rats with intrauterine hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD), and the inhibitory mechanism of mitochondrial pathway, mediated apoptosis in the repair of brain ischemia and hypoxia was examined. Methods: A clip was applied to the uterine artery for 5 min before a cesarean section was performed in a rat model. The rats were divided into normal group (n = 24), model group (n = 24), and acupuncture group (n = 24). Rats in the acupuncture group were treated with continuous acupuncture on the head beginning on the 28th day after birth. Rats were sacrificed at days 35 , 42 and 49 , and samples were analyzed by TUNEL staining of cells obtained from the cerebral cortex. The number of apoptotic cells in each group (n = 8) was determined and compared. An immunohistochemical assay of cerebral cortex cells was performed to examine BrdU and Nestin expression. Results: Compared with the normal group，the number of apoptotic cells in the model group was significantly higher and increased over time, (P < 0.05). BrdU expression was higher in the acupuncture group than in the model group, and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly lower in the acupuncture group than the model group, and decrease over time. BrdU expression decreased, while Nestin expression significantly increased. Conclusion: Acupuncture can reduce the number of apoptotic cells in the cerebral cortex. The expression of BrdU and Nestin inhibited the apoptosis of neural stem cells, promoting the repair of injured neurons via neural stem cells.

The present study used the PROSAIL forward model to simulate vegetation canopy spectrum, introducing blue and green bands to amend the effects of atmosphere and soil background, and constructing HuanJing vegetation Index (HJVI) to avoid premature saturation. Based on ground observation data of different typical winter wheat, we established HJVI-LAI long time series inversion models and implemented different varieties cross-validation to the models. The results show that the LAI inversion model of HJVI has higher precision than similar vegetation index model, has good universality, and can be applied to remote sensing multi-temporal winter wheat growth monitoring and LAI inversion.

To analyze the short-term and long-term effect of Er-yttrium aluminum garnet (Er-YAG) laser in stapes surgery.There were 86 patients operated by the Er-YAG laser stapedotomy from 2001 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively, with 23 male, 63 female and 13 double ears and with the average age of 48 years old, ranging from 12 to 78. All of 99 ears suffered deafness of conduction. The average air-bone-gap (ABG) of all patients before surgery was (37.4+/-9.0) dB HL (ranging from 13.7 to 58.7 dB). The patients followed-up over 6 weeks after the surgery was regarded as the short-term result, while over one year follow-up as the long-term effect (according to the standard of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery). The followed-up average time was (26.3+/-15.8) months (range from 14 to 73 months). The pre-post-operation average bone conduction auditory threshold of 2 kHz and 4 kHz were observed. The data of the patient whether or not has the symptoms of tinnitus and dizzy and the lasted days were also recorded.After surgery, short-term ABG of 99 ears was (15.7+/-8.7) dB, matched-pairs t test with the numbers of before surgery, t=22.79, P0.01. The results of 45 ears (45.5%) with ABG10 dB or air conduction improved more than 30 dB were regarded as excellence. The air conduction of 88 ears (88.9%) improved more than 15 dB was regarded as utility. With 82 ears (82.8%) followed-up more than 1 year, the average ABG was (11.7+/-6.8) dB, matched-pairs t test with the numbers of before surgery, t=23.37, P0.01, compared with the short-term visit result [(15.3+/-9.2) dB, 82 ears], t=4.82, P0.01, both of which were considered statistically extremely significant. Among them, 50 ears (61.0%) have the excellent effect while 74 ears with (90.2%) ABG20 dB. The average bone conduction auditory threshold in 2 kHz was (34.5+/-15.0) dB before surgery, matched-pairs t test with short-term visit result (33.4+/-15.9) dB, t=1.96, P=0.026 14, with long-term visit result (32.7+/-15.2) dB, t=3.24, P=0.000 87, all of which had the significant difference, manifest that the Cohort's notch had been improved after the surgery. The data of bone conduction auditory threshold of 4 kHz with long-term following-up result matched-pairs t test with that of surgery before, t=0.76 (P0.05), which showed the change of the bone conduction had no statistics difference. There were 55 ears had the persistent tinnitus before surgery, in which 42 ears (76.4%) with no the tinnitus, 13 ears with same to that of preoperative, and 3 ears (3.0%) with remaining tinnitus after surgery but who had not it preoperation and all disappeared after 2 - 3 days. There were 12 ears (12.1%) with light dizzy after surgery, but their live could deal with himself and the average dizzy lasted 2.3 days.Er-YAG laser stapes surgery is safe to the inner ear, and it primal free from the imminent risk in stapes surgery, so the effect can be affirmed.

To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Yixuesheng capsule (, YXS) combined with recombination human erythropoietin (RHE) in treating male neoplastic anemia (NA).Sixty-five patients were randomized into two groups, the 33 patients in the treated group treated with a combined therapy of YXS and RHE, and the 32 in the control group treated with RHE alone, all for 12 weeks. Related clinical indexes, including hemoglobin (Hgb), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HMC), testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2)) and prolactin (PRL), were measured before and after treatment.)After treatment, Hgb in the treated group and the control group was 108+/-5 g/L and 104+/-8 g/L respectively, showing marked improvement as compared with that before treatment (P0.01), and the improvement in the former was more significant than that in the latter (P0.05). Further, the level of T was also increased in the treated group after treatment (P0.05), and showed a significant difference from that of the control group (P0.05).YXS capsule combined with RHE shows a better therapeutic effect in treating NA than that of RHE alone, and the effect might be through stimulation by YXS of erythropoiesis which could promote the secretion of testosterone.

To assess the results of multi-technique with intact canal and scute rebuild operation for middle ear cholesteatoma.Analysis of 113 cases (males 60, females 53, with mean 42.7 years old), of which with double ears of 11 cases, and totally 124 ears (11 ears for one review, an ear for third time review, and totally 137 operations) was retrospectively performed. Ten cases less than 19 years old were operated from September 2001 to January 2006 for middle ear cholesteatoma as well as ossiculoplasty with intact canal and scute rebuild etc multi-technique. All cases were followed up for a mean (36.58 +/- 20.47) months.There were 118 ears (95.2%) without cholesteatoma recurrence. Six ears were found cholesteatoma recurrence. Other 6 post-operation ears with drum re-perforation and hearing drop were re-operated. The pre-operation air-bone gap (ABG, average of 0.5, 1, 2 kHz) of 124 ears, with in initial 112 ears, was (33. 61 +/- 12.35) dB, while that of post-operation ABG was (13.58 +/- 9. 27) dB, by partnership t test, t = 18.35, P0.01. The pre-operation ABG in reviewed 12 ears at the first pre-operation was (38.83 +/- 12.43) dB, but post-operation ABG (10.38 +/- 8.99) dB, by partnership t test, t = 5.38, P = 0.00022. The ABG closure to within 20 dB was tested in 100 ears while ABG over 20 dB but air conduct (AC) in 40 dB was in 6 ears, and then as succeed was in 106 ears (85.5%). ABG closure within 10 dB was in 50 ears and though ABG over 10 dB but ABG reduced over 30 dB was in 9 ears (59/124, 47.6%) as which as best result. Bone conduct (BC) threshold was tested of 21 ears (16.93%) with raise 1-9 dB, of 42 ears (33.9%) with no change and of 61 ears (49.2%) with descend 1-28 dB. Of 10 cases less than 19 years old post-operation ABG was (8.80 +/- 5.27) dB, which indicated that all cases was as succeed.Using intact canal and scute rebuild etc multi-technique a normal canal, hearing improvement and very low recurrent could be gained for middle ear cholesteatoma, especially in juvenile and children. The multi-technique should be almost no damage for hearing bone conduct.