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Background Retrograde approach technique has been challenging in percutaneous coronary interventional treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) coronary disease. The present study endeavors to determine a novel Chinese scoring system for predicting successful collateral channels traverse via retrograde approach. Methods The demographic characteristics and angiographic characteristics of 309 CTO patient were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysisfor selecting potential predictors. And the nomogram was used to establish the scoring system. Then it was evaluated by the internal and external validation. Results The predictors of Age, Connections between collateral channels and recipient vessels, and Channel Tortuosity (ACT) were identified with multivariate analysis and employed to the ACT score system. With acceptable calibrations, the AUC of the scoring system and the external validation were 0.826 and 0.816 respectively. Based on score, the predictors were divided into three risk categories and it showed a consistent prediction power in the validation cohort. Conclusions The novel Chinese ACT score is a reliable tool for predicting successful retrograde collateral traverse.

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the Gasserian ganglion is a common surgical intervention used to treat trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Dexamethasone has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects and potential analgesic benefits.The primary objective of our study was to compare the therapeutic efficacies of PRF alone versus a combination of PRF and dexamethasone for trigeminal PHN.A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Department of Pain Management, Wuhan First Hospital.A total of 103 patients diagnosed with trigeminal PHN were randomly assigned into 2 groups (the PRF group and PRF plus dexamethasone [PRF+D] group). Digital subtraction angiography-guided puncture of the Gasserian ganglion was performed. All patients received PRF of the Gasserian ganglion first, and then a local injection was administered into the Gasserian ganglion. Patients in the PRF+D group received PRF therapy and one mL of 5 mg dexamethasone in the Gasserian ganglion, while patients in the PRF group received PRF therapy and one mL of normal saline in the Gasserian ganglion. The primary outcome was pain intensity, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). The secondary outcome was quality of life, assessed by the Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36). The dosage of pregabalin administered was recorded to assess treatment effectiveness.Compared with the PRF group in this study, the PRF+D group showed more promising outcome results in pain relief as measured by the VAS; quality of life enhancement, as measured by the SF-36; and a reduced requirement for antiepileptic drugs (P0.01).Single center study, relatively small number of patients.The therapeutic efficacy of PRF combined with a dexamethasone injection into the Gasserian ganglion was superior to that of PRF{and saline injection} alone of the Gasserian ganglion for trigeminal PHN.

This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of 6-gingerol on adipose tissue insulin resistance in naturally aging rats with glycolipid metabolism disorders. Twenty-seven aging male SD rats were randomly divided into a model group(aged, n=9) and two groups treated with 6-gingerol at 0.05 mg·kg~(-1)(G-L, n=9) and 0.2 mg·kg~(-1)(G-H, n=9). Six young rats were randomly assigned to a normal control group(NC). Rats were treated for seven weeks by gavage. Non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA) and insulin content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and adipose tissue insulin resistance index(Adipo-IR) was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the size of adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT). The gene and protein expression levels of adiponectin receptor 1(AdipoR1), AMP-activated protein kinase α(AMPKα), phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPKα~(Thr172)), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K), protein kinase B(Akt), phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt~(Ser473)), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2(JNK1/2), phosphorylated JNK1/2(p-JNK~(Thr183/Tyr185)), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-6(IL-6) in adiponectin(APN), insulin, and inflammatory factor signaling pathways were detected by Western blot and real-time RCR, respectively. The results showed that 6-gingerol at a high dose could significantly decrease the fasting plasma content of NEFA and insulin and reduce Adipo-IR. Additionally, 6-gingerol at a high dose significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression of APN, AdipoR1, PGC-1α, and PI3 K in eWAT, elevated the relative expression of p-AMPK~(Thr172) and p-Akt~(Ser 473), reduced the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in eWAT, and decreased the relative expression of p-JNK1 and p-JNK2. This study reveals that 6-gingerol can improve insulin sensitivity of adipose tissues in aging rats with glycolipid metabolism disorders, and this effect is presumedly achieved by enhancing the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway, inhibiting adipose tissue inflammation, increasing APN synthesis, enhancing AdipoR1 expression, and activating its downstream AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Additional file 1: Fig S1. NecroX-5 ameliorated pulmonary damage in BLM-treated mice. (A) Design of animal experiments. (B). HE staining. (C). Lung injury score. (D). The levels of TNF-α in BALF. (E). The levels of IL-1β in BALF. (F) neutrophil number in BALF. (G) Lung tissue levels of MPO. (H) Lung tissue levels of SOD. (I) Mitochondrial MDA levels in lung tissue. (J) Cytosolic MDA levels in lung tissue. *P < 0.05vs. control; &P < 0.05 vs. BLM. Fig S2. NecroX-5 inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in pulmonary epithelial cells exposed BLM. (A) The levels of TNF-α in MLE-12 cells. (B) The levels of IL-1β in MLE-12 cells. (C) The levels of TNF-α in BEAS-2B cells. (D) The levels of IL-1β in BEAS-2B cells. (E) The levels of intracellular ROS. Bar=10um. (F) The levels of mitochondrial ROS. Bar=10um. (G)mitochondrial morphology by TEM. Bar=1um. *P < 0.05 vs. control; &P < 0.05 vs. BLM. Fig S3. The upregulation of NLRP3 was confirmed by western blotting. (A) The expression of NLRP3 in MLE-12 cells. (B) The expression of NLRP3 in MLE-12 cells. Fig S4. NLRP3 overexpression eliminated the inhibitory effect of NecroX-5 on inflammation and oxidative stress. (A) The levels of TNF-α in MLE-12 cells. (B) The levels of IL-1β in MLE-12 cells. (C) The levels of TNF-α in BEAS-2B cells. (D) The levels of IL-1β in BEAS-2B cells. (E) The levels of intracellular ROS. Bar=10um. *P < 0.05 vs. OE-NC. Table S1. Human primers used and RT-PCR conditions. Table S2. Mouse primers used and RT-PCR conditions. Table S3. Antibodies used for Western blot, and immunofluorescence.

With the Liaohe River basin as the research object, the morphology, abundance, and distribution characteristics of micro(meso) plastics of soil in Liaohe River basin were studied based on the density flotation principle and the technique of stereo microscope and micro-FTIR and the significant factors affecting the distribution of the micro(meso)plastics and their potential sources were reasonably speculated. The results indicated that the average abundance of the soil micro(meso)plastic is (145.83±211.46) n·kg

Previous studies have demonstrated that aging promotes myocardial apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion, via unknown specific mechanisms. The present study investigates the potential relationship between lncRNAs and aging-related apoptosis by lncRNA/mRNA microarray technology. The results indicate aging increased myocardial lncRNA ENSMUST00000134285 and mMAPK11, confirmed by both bioinformatics analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to gene manipulation (ENSMUST00000134285 knockdown and overexpression). Knockdown of ENSMUST00000134285 inhibited MAPK11 activity and increased the myocardial apoptotic ratio (determined by TUNEL staining and caspase activity assays) after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Conversely, overexpression of ENSMUST00000134285 increased MAPK11 activity and decreased the myocardial apoptotic ratio. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR760 may be a mediator between ENSMUST00000134285 and mMAPK11. We have provided evidence that lncRNAs are the important regulatory molecules in aging-mediated effects upon apoptosis. The apoptosis regulatory effects of aging are complex. Except apoptosis-promoting effects, aging could also inhibit myocardial apoptosis after hypoxia or ischemia. Further studies investigating the mechanisms that aging inhibit myocardial apoptosis after hypoxia/ischemia.

BACKGROUND Myocardial bridge (MB) will compress the mural coronary artery (MCA) during the systole and cause myocardial ischemia. In the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), because the structure of MB is difficult to be observed by coronary angiography (CAG), the clinical study of the influence of MB on CHD is lacking. With the advancement of computed tomography coronary angiography technology, detailed observations of the MB anatomy have realized. AIM To explore the main influencing factors of MB-related CHD and to find potential indicators for predicting MB-related CHD. METHODS A total of 1718 patients with suspected CHD due to the symptoms of myocardial ischemia were enrolled as subjects. Patients diagnosed with CHD were included in a CHD group, and patients with no significant abnormalities were included in a control group. In the CHD group, patients were divided into an MB-CHD subgroup if MB-related CHD was found. In the control group, patients were divided into a simple MB subgroup if MB was found. The patient's clinical data and MB-related indicators, including the branch of MB, MB type (superficial/deep type), MB length, MB thickness, systolic and diastolic compression of the MCA, and MCA systolic stenosis rate were recorded and compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent influencing factors of MD-related CHD. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of potential indicators for MB-related CHD. RESULTS There were 1060 cases in the CHD group and 658 cases in the control group, and there were 236 cases in the MB-CHD subgroup and 52 cases in the simple MB subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the combined MB had a significant effect on the occurrence of CHD (P < 0.05). MB thickness, systolic compression, diastolic compression, and MCA systolic stenosis rate had significant effects on the occurrence of MB-related CHD (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of these influencing factors for the diagnosis of MB-related CHD was 0.959, which was significantly higher than the AUCs of the four indicators separately (P < 0.05). The sensitivity was 97.06% and the specificity was 87.63%. CONCLUSION MB thickness, systolic compression, diastolic compression, and MCA systolic stenosis are independent influencing factors for MB-related CHD. The combination of these factors has potential diagnostic value for MB-related CHD.

Objectives. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) is prevalent in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, data available concerning the prevalence of new-onset CTO of native vessels in patients with prior CABG is limited. Therefore, the objective of the study is to determine predictors for new native-vessel occlusion in patients with prior coronary bypass surgery. Methods. 354 patients with prior CABG receiving follow-up angiography are selected and analyzed in the present study, with clinical and angiographic variables being analyzed by logistic regression to determine the predictors of new native-vessel occlusion. Results. The overall new occlusion rate was 35.59%, with multiple CTOs (42.06%) being the most prevalent (LAD 24.60% and RCA 18.25%, respectively). Additionally, current smoking (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 2.60 to 2.74; p=0.01), reduced ejection fraction (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.97; p=0.04), severe stenosis (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 2.55 to 5.24; p=0.01), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.97; p=0.04) serve as the independent predictors for new native-vessel occlusion. Conclusion. As to high incidence of postoperative CTO, appropriate revascularization strategies and postoperative management should be taken into careful consideration.

To provide continuous, accessible, and quality care, a diabetes share-care program has been in place in Taiwan for several years. Lukang Christian Hospital, a member of the diabetes share-care network, endeavors to provide "patient-centered" care aimed at increasing care quality and reducing diabetic complications. Information technology has been employed by the hospital for monitoring care quality and analyzing cost-effectiveness. Structured health-care programs have also been developed to ensure the completeness of diabetes care and to encourage self-management of individuals at high risk for diabetes. The implementation of these strategies has led to progressive improvement in quality measures and spawned novel and creative ways to deliver care services.

Existing vortices volumes of chaotic signal control and create just increase the limitations of system complexity, and put forward the phase space vortex roll signal control alone method. The first use of Simulink Jerk system established the visualization model, Jerk system to delay feedback control, get the phase space of track not at the intersection of vortices roll chaotic attractor, then puts forward two methods-tracking method and the balance point estimate method is to make sure that each vortex roll attractor parameter range of chaos, realized the phase space of vortices volume control signal path, finally, to phase space area division, given the division standard and regional boundary, mathematical model of that work for more into the study of the method of chaotic modulation system to provide a idea and may.

Based on analytic hierarchy procedure, established the post-assessment indexes system of graded crushed stone base project. Considering the road performance and economic benefit, societal and environmental benefit, the weighing values for various layers factors group of the graded crushed stone base project of Heng-Gai line are calculated. Analytic hierarchy procedure (AHP) method can effectively avoid making decisions subjectively and more scientific and reasonable to determine the weighing values of post-assessment indexes and it is an effective method to determine the weighing values for post-assessment indexes of the graded crushed stone base project.

The force of pump casing for triplex plunger was very complex, as well as the loads varied with the angle of crankshaft rotation. Using VB programming software obtained the load of pump casing anywhere, then 3D models of pump casing of triplex plunger pump have been created by utilizing Pro/E, and strength calculation of the pump casing was analyzed by utilizing Abaqus software in six different load conditions. The results indicated that the dangerous cross section and the stress distribution have been found and the maximum stress of the pump casing was 297.3 MPa, which was less than the limit of yielding strength but met the overall strength of pump casing. This research was significant for the reliability evaluation and the design improvement of the pump casing.

The unexpected in-service failure of fluid pump end of fracturing pump motivated the present investigation. The model of three-cylinder single-action fluid pump end had been established by using the Pro/E software for improving the level of fracturing pump design. The combined use of fracture mechanics concepts as well as the finite element method demonstrated that local failure was due to the specific intersection region between plunger-chamber and cylinder-cavity. The predicted fatigue lives based on the FE stress analysis agree well with the application observations.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Fenglong" (ST 40) on celiac inflammatory factors in rats with hyperlipemia (HLP), so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of HLP.A total of 40 SD rats were randomized into normal control, high fat forage, high fat + common forage, high fat + EA, and high fat + common forage+ EA groups, with 8 rats in each group. The HLP model was established by feeding the animals with high fat forage for 28 days. EA (2 mA, 2 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to bilateral ST 40 for 30 min, once daily for 28 days. Contents of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected by using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-1 gamma (IL-1gamma) in macrophages of the abdominal cavity were detected using flow cytometry (FCM).Compared with the normal control group, the contents of plasma TC and LDL-C, and celiac macrophages' MCP-1, ICAM-1 and IL-1gamma contents were significantly increased in the high fat forage group and high fat + common forage group (P0.01). In comparison with the high fat forage group, contents of plasma TC and LDL-C, and macrophages' MCP-1, ICAM-1 and IL-1gamma were considerably down-regulated in the high fat + EA group (P0.01). Similarly, the levels of plasma TC and LDL-C, and macrophages' MCP-1, ICAM-1 and IL-1gamma were obviously lower in the high fat+ common forage+ EA group than in the high fat + common forage group (P0.01). No significant differences were found in plasma TG and HDL-C levels among the five groups (P0.05).EA stimulation of "Fenglong" (ST 40) has a role in down-regulating contents of plasma TC and LDL-C and celiac macrophages' MCP-1, ICAM-1 and IL-1gamma in the abdominal cavity in hyperlipemia rats, which may contribute to its effect in improving hyperlipemia.

To explore action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Fenglong" (ST 40) for treatment of hyperlipidemia.Forty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group (group A), a model group (group B), a model diet-control group (group C), a model + EA group (group D) and model diet-control + EA group (group E), 8 cases in each one. The rats in group A were fed with normal diet continuously while those in the rest 4 groups were fed with high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia model. Afterwards, the rats in group C and group E were fed with normal diet, while EA at "Fenglong" (ST 40) was applied in group D and group E, 30 min per time, once a day. After 28 days of treatment, macrophage was collected in each group. Oil red O-staining was applied to detect the formation of foam cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISE) was adopted to measure the contents of total cholesterol (TC) in macrophage and analyze the rate of cholesterol efflux.The counts of positive cells of oil red O-staining and the contents of TC in the group B, group C and group D were significantly increased compared with those in the group A (all P0.01). The counts of positive cells and contents of TC in the group C, group D and group E were significantly clecreased compared with those in the group B (all P0.01), and the decline in group D was more obvious than that in the group C (all P0.01). Compared with group C and group D, the counts of positive cells and contents of TC in the group E was obviously decreased (all P0.01), which was not statistically different from group A (P0.05). In the meantime, compared with group C, the rate of cholesterol efflux in group D and group E was significantly increased (both P0.01), and the rise in group E was more obvious than that in the group D.The electroacupuncture at "Fenglong" (ST 40) could significantly prohibit the transformation of macrophage into foam cell and increase rate of cholesterol efflux in macrophage, which could prevent and reverse the formation of foam cell and play an essential role in treating hyperlipidemia and stopping it from developing into a further level.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Fenglong" (ST 40) on blood lipid contents and inflammatory factor levels in hyperlipemia rats so as to elucidate its mechanism underlying improvement of hyperlipemia.Fifty male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups: normal, model, diet -control, EA intervention (EA), diet-control + EA groups, with 10 rats in each group. Hyperlipemia model was established by feeding the animals with high-fat diet for 30 days. After modeling, rats in the diet-control group were fed with routine fodder. EA was applied to bilateral "Fenglong" (ST 40) for 30 min, once daily for 30 days. Following intraperitoneal injection of 1640 culture fluid, the peritoneal fluid was collected and centrifuged for extracting macrophages. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after adding fluoresce-labeled antibodies.The contents of serum TC and LDL-C were remarkably higher and HDL-C level was significantly lower in the model group than in the normal group (P0.01). After EA intervention, serum TC and LDL-C showed an apparent decrease (P0.01). Compared with the normal group, percentages of CD11 b, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly increased in the model group (P0.01), while in comparison with the model group, percentages of CD11 b in both EA and diet-control + EA groups, TNF-alpha and IL-6 percentages of macrophages in the diet-control, EA and diet-control + EA groups were notably decreased (P0.05, P0.01). The effects of the diet-control + EA group were considerably superior to those of the diet-control group in lowering CD11 b, TNF-alpha and IL-6 percentages (P0.05, P0.01). No significant differences were found between the diet-control and EA groups in the aforementioned indexes (P0.05). CD11 b level indicates changes of macrophage level due to its specific marker character.EA stimulation of "Fenglong" (ST 40) is effective in lowering serum TC, LDL-C, and macrophage TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in hyperlipemia rats.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Fenglong (ST40) on inflammatory factors in macrophages of hyperlipemia (HLP) rats, and to explore the role of EA in treating HLP.Totally 50 adult male SD rats were selected. After one-week adaptative feeding, they were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group (Group A), the model group (Group B), the diet control group (Group C), the EA group (Group D), the diet control + EA group (Group E), 10 in each group. By the end of treatment, all rats were sacrificed to get blood from the carotid artery. The contents of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated. Contents of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were detected using flow cytometry (FCM) after adding the fluorescein-labeled molecule antibodies of inflammatory factors.Compared with Group A, the serum contents of TC and LDL-C obviously increased and HDL-C significantly decreased in Group B (all P0.01). There was no obvious change in the content of TG between Group A and Group B (P0.05). Compared with Group B, the contents of TC and LDL-C significantly decreased in Group C, D, and E (P0.01). Compared with Group C, serum contents of TC and LDL-C obviously decreased in Group D and E (P0.01). Compared with Group B, the content of macrophages significantly increased in Group A (P0.01). Compared with Group B, the content of macrophages significantly decreased in Group D and E (P0.01), more obviously in Group E (P0.01). Compared with Group C, the content of macrophages significantly decreased in Group E (P0.05). Compared with Group A, levels of ICAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the peritoneal macrophages significantly increased in Group B (P0.01). Compared with Group B, levels of ICAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 significantly decreased in Group C, D, and E, but more obviously in Group E (P0.01). Compared with Group C, levels of ICAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-alpha (P0.05, P0.01), and IL-6 (P0.05) significantly decreased in Group E.EA at Fenglong (ST40) could obviously downregulate the serum levels of TC and LDL-C in HLP rats, reduce the contents of macrophages, ICAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, thus arriving at the therapeutic effect in treating HLP.