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Ketone compounds are important neutral aroma components in heated cigarette smoke, and which play a significant role in the taste of heated cigarettes. In order to analyze the content of ketone aroma components in heated cigarette smoke, a method of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 28 kinds of ketone aroma substances. A tube furnace was used to heat the cigarette core material, and the ketone aroma components in the smoke were captured by the solvent absorption method. The ketone aroma capture device can realize the release and capture of flue gas under different atmospheres and multi-gradient temperatures. The method was verified through limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), repeatability experiment and spike recovery experiment. The heated cigarettes with different flavors were heated and their smoke were captured by using the tube furnace heating-organic solvent absorption method. After heating and capturing, 1 mL of smoke absorption liquid was taken and filtered through a 0.22 µm organic filter, then the sample was continuously injected 6 times to the chromatographic instrument to measure the content of ketone compounds in the smoke absorption liquid, and this step was repeated for 6 days, finally the intra-day and inter-day RSDs of 28 kinds of ketone substances were calculated. With the above detected amount as the benchmark, a mixed standard solution of 28 kinds of ketone flavor substances was added to the smoke absorption liquid, in which the amount of each ketone substance added was 50%, 100% and 200%, respectively, the recovery rate for each ketone was calculated. The results showed that the LODs and LOQs of 28 kinds of ketone compounds are 0.65-2.77 μg/L and 2.18-9.24 μg/L, respectively, the recovery rate is 81.88%-119.32%, and the intra-day precision is 0.04%-3.51% (n=6), the inter-day precision is 0.11%-3.36% (n=6). The analytical method can meet the requirements of quantitative analysis and effectively distinguish dihydro-β-ionone/geranylacetone and farnesyl acetone/farnesylacetone. This method was used to detect ketone aroma substances in the smoke of 27 heated cigarettes with different flavor. The results showed that the total content of ketones is different in the smoke of different heated cigarettes with different flavor, and the content of some ketones varies greatly, which gives the heated cigarette different flavor. This method may conduct in-depth analysis of tobacco products and is of great significance to the development of new tobacco products.

Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction, due to the presence of harmful microorganisms in blood which could cause mortality. Complications associated with sepsis involve multiple organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains intricate, with limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has consistently demonstrated to have a potential on various disease management. Its complements include reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, regulating immune responses, and improving microcirculation. Traditional Chinese medicine can mitigate or even treat sepsis in a human system. This review examines progress on the use of TCM extracts for treating sepsis through different pharmacological action and its mechanisms. The potential targets of TCM extracts and active ingredients for the treatment of sepsis and its complications have been elucidated through molecular biology research, network pharmacology prediction, molecular docking analysis, and visualization analysis. Our aim is to provide a theoretical basis and empirical support for utilizing TCM in the treatment of sepsis and its complications while also serving as a reference for future research and development of sepsis drugs.

Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing numerous risks to individual organisms and entire ecosystems. Concurrently, the global increase in pesticide usage has elevated the influx of chloride ions (Cl−) into the soil. Given Cl−’s robust ability to coordinate and complex with various heavy metal ions, understanding its influence on the migration and transformation of Cd in soil-rice systems is essential for the rational application of pesticides and the effective mitigation of soil heavy metal pollution. In this paper, we explained the effect of Cl− on the environmental behavior of Cd in the soil-rice system in terms of growth traits, Cd uptake and accumulation by rice, and Cd solid-solution phase interface behavior through pot experiments and sand culture experiments. The results showed that Cd concentrations in all parts of the rice treated with CaCl2 during the filling period were lower than those in the Ca(NO3)2-treated group, with Cd accumulation diminishing as Cl− concentration increased. This suggests that the filling period is critical for Cd uptake and accumulation in rice. Unlike the accompanying anion NO3−, exogenous Cl− reduced Cd concentrations in the soil solution but increased them in rice. Notably, when the Cd/Cl ratio ranged from 0.625 to 2.5, Cl− formed predominantly CdCl+-complexes with free Cd2+ in the soil solution, enhancing the mobilization of Cd bound to soil particles and its subsequent absorption by rice. This study aims to assess Cl−’s effect on Cd migration and transformation in soil-rice systems, providing insights for safe rice production on Cd-contaminated soils and rational use of chlorine-containing pesticides.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to analyze the correlation between serum calcium changes and short-term prognosis of patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Methods Patients who underwent acute type A aortic dissection surgery at Fujian Heart Medical Center between June 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 383 patients were enrolled. According to the changing track of serum calcium in patients after acute type A aortic dissection, three potential category tracks were determined: high-level (n = 85), medium-level (n = 259), and continuous low-level groups (n = 39). Using the medium-level group as the control, regression analysis showed that poor prognosis risk was increased in the group with continuous low serum calcium (odds ratio = 2.454, P 48 h (odds ratio = 3.595, P

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable development for concrete industry. However, the research on durability, especially on sulfate transport and erosion mechanism, of RAC needs deep investigation. Pore structure evolution is a vital parameter for sulfate transport, which is difficult to be traced. To investigate the dynamic changes of pore structure in metakaolin blended RAC under sulfate erosion, percolation theory is addressed in this study. Firstly, dry and wet cycle was applied to accelerate the sulfate transport in metakaolin (MK) blended RAC systems. Then the compressive strength of the samples after sulfate attack was measured to evaluate the sulfate erosion degree. Furthermore, backscattered electron imaging (BSE) was used to acquire the percolation parameters, such as wet site ratio, percolation probability and so forth. Finally, sulfate content and compressive strength of the sample were related to the percolation probability. Results present that MK exhibits excellent resistance to sulfate erosion and can be used to enhance the performance of RAC. There is a certain correlation between the degree of sulfate erosion, compressive strength, and percolation parameters. The influence of the number of dry–wet cycles and MK content on sulfate ion transport can be demonstrated using percolation theory, which can be employed for predicting sulfate transport and revealing erosion mechanisms. This enables a clear understanding of the ion transport mechanisms within concrete and holds significant importance on the investigation of durability issues of RAC.

Due to a loose and porous structure, the addition of sintered sludge ash (SSA) in large amounts often leads to a decrease in durability. To address the issue, a systematic investigation is conducted into the combined effects of seawater and SSA (0∼50%) on cement paste. The mixing of seawater enhances the improvement effect of 10% SSA on frost resistance and capillary water absorption. Meanwhile, the seawater-mixed cement paste containing 30% SSA withstands 125 freeze-thaw cycles, superior to PC. After seawater mixing, SSA performs better in terms of the generation of high-density C–S–H gel. The promoting effect of SSA on the transformation of capillary pores into gel pores in cement paste and its content threshold are amplified. The chemical binding of Cl− and SO42− with amorphous Al2O3 in SSA promotes the conversion of AFt to AFm. Additionally, based on multi-criteria analysis, the seawater-mixed sintered sludge cement is more competitive.

Abstract Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect multiple systems, including the skin, mucous membranes, joints, eyes, gastrointestinal and nervous. However, the pathogenesis of BD remains unclear, and it is believed that immune-inflammatory reactions play a crucial role in its development. Immune cells are a critical component of this process and contribute to the onset and progression of BD. By regulating the function of these immune cells, effective control over the occurrence and development of BD can be achieved, particularly with regards to monocyte activation and aggregation, macrophage differentiation and polarization, as well as T cell subset differentiation. This review provides a brief overview of immune cells and their role in regulating BD progression, which may serve as a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating this disease.

We investigated fourteen antibiotics, three illegal drugs, and two toxic elements in commercially available gastropods from southeast China. The data revealed high detection frequencies (DFs) for florfenicol (61.32%), florfenicol amine (47.33%), and thiamphenicol (39.88%), with maximum concentrations of 1110, 2222, and 136 μg/kg wet weight (ww), respectively. The DFs of illegal drugs were 3.54% for leucomalachite green and 0.3% for chloramphenicol. The average levels of Cd and As were 1.17 and 6.12 mg/kg ww, respectively. All chemicals presented diverse DFs in different sampling months. The highest DFs of florfenicol, florfenicol amine, and thiamphenicol were in July. The health risk assessment showed that targeted hazard quotients (THQs) of antibiotics, Cd, and As for children, teens, and adults were all less than one. Notably, the toxic elements (Cd and As) were identified as the primary health risk in gastropods, contributing to over 90% of the total THQs.

Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating plant-parasitic nematode. Effectors play important roles during the stages of nematodes infection and parasitism, but their molecular functions remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized a new effector, Minc03329, which contains signal peptide for secretion and a C-type lectin domain. The yeast signal sequence trap experiments indicated that the signal peptide of Minc03329 is functional. In situ hybridization showed that Minc03329 was specifically expressed in the subventral esophageal gland. Real-time qPCR confirmed that the expression level of Minc03329 transcript was significantly increased in pre-parasitic and parasitic second-stage juveniles (pre-J2s and par-J2s). Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated gene silencing of Minc03329 in host plants largely reduced the pathogenicity of nematodes. On the contrary, ectopic expression of Minc03329 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased plant susceptibility to nematodes. Transient expression of Minc03329 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves suppressed the programmed cell death triggered by the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis of Minc03329-transgenic Arabidopsis and wild type revealed that many defense-related genes were significantly down-regulated. Interestingly, some different expressed genes were involved in the formation of nematode feeding sites. These results revealed that Minc03329 is an important effector for M. incognita, suppressing host defense response and promoting pathogenicity.

Objective To provide the evidence base for the safety of biologics in the treatment of psoriasis, we retrospectively analyzed tuberculosis (TB) infection and its activation in psoriatic patients treated with biologics. Methods Information of 2 704 psoriatic patients treated with biologics was collected from the database of the National Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Psoriasis from June 2020 to January 2022. Data analyses included patients′ general conditions, results of TB screening (PPD, QFT, chest X-ray and/or chest CT), preventive anti-TB treatment, and monitoring and activation of TB infection during the treatments. Results Out of 2 704 subjects, 436 (16.12%) cases were treated with TNF-α inhibitors, while 82.84% (2 240) and 1.04% (28) of the patients were treated with IL-17A inhibitors and IL-12/23 inhibitor, respectively. Prior to biological treatment, 898 (33.21%) cases were screened for TB, among which 85 (9.46%) cases were TB positive. Out of the 85 cases with TB positive, 20 cases were treated with isoniazid + rifampicin for 3 months, and 3 cases received mono-isoniazid treatment for 6 months. During the follow-up, TB reactivation was observed in 2 cases (2/200, 1%), which both received TNF-α inhibitor (adalimumab). Conclusions Prior to biological treatments, only small portion of psoriatic patients receive TB screening and anti-TB treatment in China. Although the risk for TB reactivation is relatively low during biological treatment, TNF-α inhibitors have a higher risk for TB reactivation compared to other biologics. Thus, screening for LTBI before biological therapy and monitoring TB reactivation during biological therapy are still crucial in the treatment of psoriasis with biologics, particularly TNF-α inhibitors.

The dredged silt exposed to the air is highly expected to be used to replace cement in large quantities due to its richness in aluminosilicates, which is in line with the dual-carbon background. Herein, a systematic exploration on the basic properties and hydration products of sintered silt ash-blended (SSA-blended) cement is conducted, using experiments and thermodynamic simulations. The results show that in the process of adding SSA to 50%, the compressive property and chloride ion permeation resistance are enhanced first and then weakened, whereas the flexural property is weakened gradually. Among them, with the addition of 10% SSA, the compressive strength can reach 65.2 MPa and the electric flux is 37.3% lower than that of Portland cement (PC), and the chloride ion permeability is rated as the lowest. As SSA increases, the FTIR spectra show that the reduction rates of bound water, ettringite and Ca(OH)2 are accelerated gradually; SEM observation shows that the cement-based gelling skeleton has undergone a transition from dense to loose; the thermodynamic simulation results show that C-S-H increases first and then decreases, implying that SSA has a certain pozzolanic activity. In addition, the evolution laws of other hydration products are highly consistent with the analysis results of FTIR and SEM.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major malignancy threatening the health of people in China and screening could be effective for preventing the occurrence and reducing the mortality of CRC. We conducted a multicenter, prospective clinical study which recruited 4,245 high‐risk CRC individuals defined as having positive risk‐adapted scores or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results, to evaluate the clinical performance of the multitarget fecal immunochemical and stool DNA (FIT‐sDNA) test for CRC screening. Each participant was asked to provide a stool sample prior to bowel preparation, and FIT‐sDNA test and FIT were performed independently of colonoscopy. We found that 186 (4.4%) were confirmed to have CRC, and 375 (8.8%) had advanced precancerous neoplasia among the high CRC risk individuals. The sensitivity of detecting CRC for FIT‐sDNA test was 91.9% (95% CI, 86.8–95.3), compared with 62.4% (95% CI, 54.9–69.3) for FIT (P