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The extensive application of laccase in various fields depends on the supply of a large amount of laccase with high activity and low cost. Interest on the screening of fungal strains suitable for obtaining massive high-activity laccase in solid-state fermentation with suitable low-cost lignocellulosic wastes has increased. The present work determined the laccase secretion from different species belonging to genera Ganoderma and Coriolopsis fermented on different lignocellulosic wastes. Maximal laccase activity was obtained from Ganoderma lingzhi Han 1345 grown on rice straw for 9 days and indicated the capacity of secreting laccase of G. lingzhi Han 1345 was superior to that of Coriolopsis trogii Han 1211, C. strumosa Han 1356, and G. applanatum Han 1578. The presence of cottonseed hull was more favorable for Coriolopsis species secreting laccase, while Ganoderma species were more preferred to secrete laccase on rice straw. Further, the consistent substrate preference in laccase production of different species in the same genus was first exhibited. The results are useful to screen and obtain new species with superior capacity of secreting laccase and suitable low-cost lignocellulosic wastes as fermentation substrate for further industrial application of laccase.

Despite attempts to apply single therapy such as surgical treatment, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, pancreatic cancer (PC) is still one of the most lethal solid tumors. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1, which have shown good efficacies against many other solid tumors, have not shown encouraging results in PC treatment. Therefore, some studies are evaluating the efficacies of combination therapies based on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for PC. In this review, we summarized the emerging anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapies for PC in these years. We realized that anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based combination therapies have the potential to be efficacious in PC treatment, and further relevant studies are needed. Moreover, we elucidated the reasons for the ineffectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 alone in PC treatment. We concluded that this was mainly because PC has an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and develops drug resistance during treatment. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based combination therapeutic regimens that alter the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and reduce the development of drug resistance in PC are summarized in this review, and we expect that these regimens will achieve good clinical application prospects.

BackgroundThe “postural instability/gait difficulty” (PIGD) and “tremor-dominant” (TD) motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) differ in their clinical manifestations. The neurological basis of these differences is unclear.MethodsWe performed voxel-based morphometric analysis and measured amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) on 87 PIGD patients and 51 TD patients. We complemented this neuroanatomical comparison with seed-to-voxel analysis to explore differences in functional connectivity.ResultsThe PIGD group showed significantly smaller gray matter volume in the medial frontal gyrus (mainly on the right side) than the TD group. Across all patients, gray matter volume in the medial frontal gyrus correlated negatively with severity of PIGD symptoms after controlling for age (r = −0.250, p = 0.003), but this correlation was not observed in separate analyses of only PIGD or TD patients. The PIGD group showed greater functional connectivity of the right superior frontal gyrus with the left lingual gyrus, right lateral occipital cortex, and right lingual gyrus. ALFF did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionPostural instability/gait difficulty may be associated with smaller gray matter volume in medial frontal gyrus than TD, as well as with greater functional connectivity between the right superior frontal gyrus and occipital cortex. These results may help explain the clinical differences between the two motor subtypes of PD.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential neural substrates of RLS in a large sample of patients with PD.A total of 42 patients with PD with RLS and 124 patients with PD without RLS were prospectively recruited at our hospital between February 2019 and October 2020 and underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Differences between the two patient groups were assessed using voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analysis. PD duration, Part III of the Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III) score, and levodopa equivalent daily dose were treated as covariates.Patients with PD with RLS had significantly larger gray matter volume in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex than patients with PD without RLS (FDR-adjusted P 0.05). Compared to patients without RLS, those with RLS had significantly lower functional connectivity between the left central opercular cortex and the bilateral precentral gyri and postcentral gyri (FDR-adjusted P 0.001).Our study provides the first evidence that in patients with PD, RLS is associated with significantly larger gray matter volume in the posterior cingulate cortex and lower resting-state functional connectivity within the sensorimotor network. Our results may help clarify the pathophysiology of RLS in PD and identify possible therapeutic targets.

ObjectiveMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for tissue formation, neuronal network remodeling, and blood–brain barrier integrity. MMPs have been widely studied in acute brain diseases. However, the relationship with Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum MMP3 and MMP9 levels of PD patients and analyze their correlation with non-motor symptoms.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 73 patients with idiopathic PD and 64 healthy volunteers. Serum MMP3 and MMP9 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with PD were assessed for non-motor symptoms using the Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) and Parkinson’s disease sleep scale (PDSS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsSerum MMP3 levels were significantly decreased in PD patients, predominantly those with early-stage PD, compared with controls [12.56 (9.30, 17.44) vs. 15.37 (11.33, 24.41) ng/ml;P= 0.004], and the serum MMP9 levels of PD patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls [522 (419, 729) vs. 329 (229, 473) ng/ml;P< 0.001]. MMP3 levels were positively correlated with the NMSS total score (r= 0.271,P= 0.020) and the single-item scores for item six, assessing the gastrointestinal tract (r= 0.333,P= 0.004), and there was an inverse correlation between serum MMP3 levels and PDSS score (r= –0.246,P= 0.036); meanwhile, MMP9 levels were positively correlated with the NMSS total score (r= 0.234,P= 0.047), and higher serum MMP9 levels were detected in the cognitive dysfunction subgroup than in the cognitively intact subgroup [658 (504, 877) vs. 502 (397, 608) ng/ml,P= 0.008].ConclusionThe serum MMP3 level of PD patients (especially early-stage patients) was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group, and the MMP9 level was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group. MMP3 and MMP9 levels correlate with sleep disturbance and cognitive function in PD patients, respectively.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) in primary aldosteronism (PA) using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) methods. Methods: Both RIA and CLIA were used to analyze the PAC, PRA and ARR with subjects in standing or supine position, before and after a saline infusion test (SIT). The correlation between RIA and CLIA was measured by regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy by RIA and CLIA. Results: A positive correlation was found between PAC and PRA after SIT using RIA and CLIA (0.1745 and 0.3085, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the PAC and PRA in standing and supine position using RIA and CLIA (0.3979 vs 0.2399 and 0.1885 vs 0.4032, respectively). There was no obvious difference in AUCs of PAC, PRA, and ARR between RIA and CLIA (PAC: 0.91 vs. 0.89; PRA: 0.88 vs. 0.87; ARR: 0.93 vs. 0.92). In standing posture, the AUCs of PAC, PRA and ARR using RIA were 0.63, 0.72 and 0.78, respectively, and the results of CLIA were 0.65, 0.75 and 0.82, respectively. In supine posture, the AUC of PAC, PRA and ARR using RIA was 0.65, 0.68 and 0.71, respectively, and the results of CLIA were 0.68, 0.70 and 0.79, respectively. Conclusion: Chemiluminescent assay is reliable for diagnosis of PA when compared with radioimmunoassay.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its neuropathology remains elusive. Our goal is to explore the potential neural substrates of EDS in a large sample of individuals with PD.We recruited 48 PD patients with and 87 PD patients without EDS. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) between the two groups. We also explored functional connectivity (FC) between the entire brain and regions where ALFF differed between the two groups as well as FC between selected regions of interest. Age, Part III of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III) score and use of dopamine receptor agonists were treated as covariates in the comparisons.EDS was associated with significantly lower ALFF in the left angular gyrus, and ALFF in this region correlated negatively with score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in patients with PD. EDS was also associated with significantly lower FC between the left angular gyrus and right cerebellum, based on seed-to-voxel and inter-ROI analyses.Our results suggest that EDS in PD patients is associated with reduced spontaneous neural activity in the left angular gyrus and with reduced FC between the left angular gyrus and cerebellum. These findings may help understand and treat EDS in PD.

The etiology of constipation in Parkinson's disease is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore changes in regional neural activity and functional connections associated with constipation in a large cohort of individuals with Parkinson's disease.We prospectively recruited 106 patients with Parkinson's disease with constipation and 73 patients with Parkinson's disease without constipation. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for the first time to measure differences in regional neural activity and functional connections between the two patient groups.Patients with constipation showed significantly higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation than patients without constipation in the right dorsal pons extending into the cerebellum and in the right insula. The two types of patients also showed substantial differences in functional connections linking the superior temporal gyrus, particularly the right superior temporal gyrus, with multiple brain regions.Regional neural activity and functional connectivity in the brain differ substantially between patients with Parkinson's disease with or without constipation. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the pathophysiology of constipation in Parkinson's disease and for identifying therapeutic targets.

To explore differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls, and to examine whether the structural abnormalities correlate with functional abnormalities.T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed on 180 patients with PD and 58 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare GMV and WMV between groups, and resting-state fMRI to compare amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the structurally abnormal brain regions.Structural neuroimaging showed smaller whole-brain GMV, but not WMV, in patients. Furthermore, VBM revealed smaller GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left frontotemporal space in patients, after correction for multiple comparisons. Patients also showed significantly higher ALFF in the right STG. GMV in the right STG and left frontotemporal space in patients correlated negatively with age and scores on Part III of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, but not with PD duration.Structural atrophy in the frontotemporal lobe may be a useful imaging biomarker in PD, such as for detecting disease progression. Furthermore, this structural atrophy appears to correlate with enhanced spontaneous brain activity. This study associates particular structural and functional abnormalities with PD neuropathology.

Background Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) adversely influences quality of life. There is currently no available biomarker to predict cognitive decline in PD. PD involves both the central and peripheral nervous system and especially small fiber damage occurs in PD. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has been used as a non-invasive tool for quantifying small nerve fibre damage in PD. The present study investigated whether corneal nerve measures were associated with cognitive function in PD. Methods Patients with PD were classified into those with normal cognitive function (PD-CN), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and dementia (PDD). Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) were quantified with CCM and compared with a control group.Results Sixty-five PD patients (44.62% male; mean age 64.60±6.95 years; mean disease duration 4.63±2.53 years) and 30 controls (53.33% male; mean age 62.43±6.16 years) were studied. CNFD was decreased and CNBD was increased in PD patients compared to controls ( P Conclusions PD patients show evidence of corneal nerve loss compared with controls and corneal nerve parameters are associated with the severity of cognitive and motor dysfunction in PD. CCM could serve as an objective in vivo ophthalmic imaging technique to assess neurodegeneration in PD.

Nanoscience is a highly comprehensive, interdisciplinary discipline based on many advanced science and technology, and has developed very rapidly in the past few decades. Nanoscience and technology has been widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, materials science, chemistry, physics, and electronic information engineering. Nanomaterials are widely used due to their many excellent properties such as quantum size effects, small size effects, surface effects, and tunneling effects, and have become hot research areas. It is very suitable as a carrier for antitumor drug molecules, which is conducive to improving drug efficacy and reducing drugs side effects. After selective functionalization, it is highly possible to achieve the loading and release of multiple drug molecules. Based on the magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4-MSNs composite nanoparticles, we have modified a series of organosilane coupling agents on its surface. The most commonly used antitumor drug (adriamycin) in clinical was selected as a model to evaluate the loading and release behavior of modified composite nanoparticles Fe3O4-MSNs on this drug. The results indicate that Fe3O4 is selectively modified after appropriate modification of the silane coupling agent. MSNs carrier can effectively regulate the adsorption and release rate of hydrophilic DOX and hydrophobic PTX, and shows a good drug control ability.

Background This study aimed to confirm the cytotoxicity of zymosan in vitro and in vivo and determine the appropriate treatment time and the dose of zymosan. Methods AHH-1 cells and HIECs were administered by 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 μg/mL zymosan. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell viability and apoptosis 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration. Furthermore, 12 h before irradiation, the cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL zymosan and then irradiated with 4 Gy X-rays. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry at 24 h. In addition, the protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vitro was compared to that of 20 μg/mL LPS. In vivo, weight, the spleen index, and the thymus index were measured to evaluate the toxicity of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 10 mg/kg zymosan. In addition, rats were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 10 mg/kg zymosan and then irradiated with 7 Gy X-rays. The survival rate, organ index were evaluated. The protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vivo was compared to that of 10 mg/kg LPS a positive control. Results The viability and apoptosis of cells treated with different doses and treatment times of zymosan were not different from those of control cells (p p , weight, the spleen index and the thymus index were significantly decreased by zymosan at a concentration of 20 mg/kg (p Conclusion Zymosan administration before radiation exposure significantly increased cell viability and the survival rates of rats.

Background: This study was to confirm the radiation protective effect of different doses of zymosan on AHH-1 and HIEC cells irradiated at different times and different doses, and further to explore whether zymosan exerts a radiation protection mechanism by targeting TLR2/4.Methods: AHH-1 and HIEC cells were respectively administered to Zymosan at 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/ml. CCK-8 and cell flow cytometry were used to detect the cell activity and apoptosis at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration to determine the dose-limiting toxicities of zymosan. Twelve hours before irradiation, cells were treated with zymosan at 0, 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml, and then irradiated with 4Gy X-rays. The cell activity and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and cell flow cytometry at 24 h to determine the optimal dose of zymosan. LPS was used as a positive control to compare the protective effect of zymosan. The cells were treated with MyD88 inhibitors to explore the protective mechanism of zymosan.Results: The activity of AHH-1 and HIEC cells treated with different concentration of zymosan at different time was not affected and the apoptosis of cells was not promoted. The radiation protection effect of Zymosan pretreated cells on cells is dose-dependent. After zymosan pre-treated the cells, its radiation protection effect on the cells was dose-dependent. The higher zymosan’s concentration was, the stronger the activities of AHH-1 cells and HIEC cells were, and the lower the apoptosis rate was. The activity of cells pretreated with zymosan was higher than that pretreated with LPS at the same dose (20 μg/ml), and the cell apoptosis rate was lower than that pretreated with LPS. After zymosan pretreated AHH-1 and HIEC cells, TLR2/4-MyD88-G-CSF/GM-CSF/IL-12/IL-6 pathway was activated.Conclusion: Zymosan is nontoxic to cells and has better radiation protection effect than LPS. Its mechanism of action is related to the activation of the TLR2/4-MyD88/G-CSF/GM-CSF/IL-12/IL-6 pathway.

AIM: To investigate the clinical features and stepwise treatment method of malignant glaucoma after phacoemulsification.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 16 cases(18 eyes)with malignant glaucoma after phacoemulsification with in-the-bag IOL placemen from June, 2010 to May, 2018 in Gansu Provincial Hospital. Malignant glaucoma was treated by a stepwise treatment method. First, the combination of ciliary muscle paralysis and hypotensive drugs were used to treat malignant glaucoma, followed by laser iridozonulohyaloidotomy, then anterior chamber reformation, and finally with surgical iridozonulohyaloidovitrectomy. Data of diopter, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle and intraocular pressure were analyzed before and after treatment.RESULTS: Malignant glaucoma tends to occur after phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL placement 4.1±2.3wk. One eye received drug therapy alone,7 eyes received YAG laser crystal posterior capsule incision, 6 eyes received anterior chamber angioplasty, and 4 eyes received crystal posterior capsule incision+front vitrectomy. After treatment, the diopter was +0.48±0.89D, the anterior chamber depth was 3.14±0.33mm, the intraocular pressure was 15.3±4.7mmHg, 14 eyes with wide anterior chamber angle.CONCLUSION: The stepwise treatment of malignant glaucoma after phacoemulsification showed a reduction in myopia, deepening of the central anterior chamber, opening of the anterior chamber, and decreased intraocular pressure.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder while secondary-parkinsonism can be caused by infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, vascular, hereditary, paraneoplastic, or even induced by drug/metal poisoning. Here we report an uncommon subacute parkinsonism who presented with micrographia and mild cognitive impairment. The CSF examination showed inflammatory profile and positive anti-NMDAR antibody. The patient showed no improvement with levodopa/benserazide administration but satisfactory response to immunotherapy with methylprednisolone. This case indicated that autoimmune etiology should also be considered in parkinsonism to exclude a treatable condition.

To compare the effects and adverse events of laparoscopic selective varicocelectomy (LV) and microscopy-assisted low ligation of the spermatic vein (MV) in the treatment of varicocele.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 310 cases of varicocele treated in our hospital from January 2011 to March 2016, 162 (64 with infertility) by LV with preservation of the testis artery and lymph vessel and the other 148 (69 with infertility) by MV. We followed up the patients for 12 months and made comparisons between the two groups in the operation time, hospital stay, hospital costs, recurrence rate, incidence of complications, and semen quality before and at 3 and 6 months after surgery, and spontaneous pregnancy rate at 12 months postoperatively.The bilateral operation time was markedly shorter in the LV than in the MV group (［60 ± 16］ vs ［92 ± 23］ min, P0.05), but no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the unilateral operation time (［38 ± 7］ vs ［45 ± 10］ min, P0.05), hospital stay (［3.2 ± 0.7］ vs ［3.5 ± 0.9］ d, P0.05), hospital costs (［14 862.7 ± 813.2］ vs ［13 907.3 ± 729.2］ RMB ¥, P0.05), or spontaneous pregnancy rate at 12 months after surgery (35.9% vs 39.1%, P0.05). Compared with the baseline, significant improvement was observed in both the LV and MV groups in sperm concentration and the percentage of grade a + b sperm at 6 months postoperatively (P0.05), but not at 3 months (P0.05). The rate of recurrence was remarkably higher in the LV than in the MV group (7.4% vs 1.4%, P0.05) but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of postoperative orchialgia (1.8% vs 0.7%, P0.05) and epididymitis (1.2% vs 0, P0.05).For the treatment of varicocele, laparoscopic selective varicocelectomy is comparable to microscopy-assisted low ligation of the spermatic vein in the clinical effect. The former, however, has a significantly higher rate of recurrence than the latter.

MIL-140-type metal organic frameworks (isoreticular zirconium oxide MOFs) with different aromatic moieties (phenyl, naphthalene, and biphenyl) have been synthesized and employed as the supports of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM and CO chemisorption. The results reveal that Pd NPs are homogeneously dispersed on all materials whereas different accessibility to CO is observed. The hydrogenation performance in CC saturation with respect to the effect of the aromatic moiety is compared. The Pd/MIL-140A MOF with the highest hydrogenation activity among the three catalysts comprised of different aromatic rings points to a unique Pd–π interaction between Pd and frameworks consisting of mono-phenyl groups (C6H4).

AIM: To evaluate two structural predictors of visual outcome of epiretinal membrane surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study for 30 eyes of epiretinal membrane surgery between January 2014 and October 2016. We assessed the related parameters of the optical coherence tomography and recorded the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at baseline and 1, 3 and 6mo after surgery. Correlations between the final best-corrected visual acuity and photoreceptor integrity status or photoreceptor outer segment length were investigated. RESULTS: Average best-corrected visual acuity decreased at 1mo postoperatively compared with baseline, but improved at 3 and 6mo. Central macular were more sweller at 1mo postoperatively than baseline, but a significant thickeness reduction was found at 6mo(PPP=0.023, 0.004). CONCLUSION: Photoreceptor integrity and photoreceptor outer segment length detected by OCT were significant predictors of the final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)after idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery.

The purpose of the current study was to retrospectively assess the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) delay on survival for patients with esophageal cancer. From 2008 to 2011, patients with esophageal cancer who had undergone postoperative RT in five different hospitals in China were reviewed. Clinical data, including time interval between surgery to RT, were prospectively collected. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to estimate the effect of each variable on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with differences assessed by log-rank test. Univariate Cox proportional-hazards models were performed for both PFS and OS for all assumed predictor variables. Statistically significant predictor variables (P < .05) on univariate analysis were then included in multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models, which were performed to compare the effects of RT delay on PFS and OS. A total of 316 patients were finally enrolled in this prospectively multicentric study. Time to RT after surgery varied from 12 days to over 60 days (median, 26 days). Multivariate analysis showed that delay to RT longer than the median does not appear to be a survival cost. There was also no statistically difference in PFS (P = .513) or OS (P = .236) between patients stratified by quartiles (≤21 days vs ≧35 days). However, patients with particularly long delays (≧42 days) demonstrated a detrimental impact on OS (P = .021) but not PFS (P = .580). Delaying postoperative RT of esophageal cancer does not impact PFS, but results in a significant reduction on OS if delaying longer than 6 weeks.

Two Al-MIL-53 materials containing aromatic and aliphatic linkers were prepared by using 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) and adipic acid (ADP) as organic precursors, respectively. The resulting materials were characterized by BET, XRD, IR and TG. The characterization results indicated that the framework containing an aromatic ring (Al-MIL-53-BDC) shows a much higher surface area (761 m2 g−1) than the analogue with an aliphatic linker (Al-MIL-53-ADP, 4 m2 g−1). Al-MIL-53-BDC showed a larger adsorption capacity towards organic substrates such as furfural due to its higher surface area. Both materials can support Ru nanoparticles efficiently via a simple deposition–reduction method. XPS and TEM results suggested that Ru particles are predominantly oxidized with a particle size in the range of 1–4 nm. TPR results indicated that the oxidized Ru nanoparticles on Al-MIL-53-BDC can be reduced at around room temperature, forming metallic Ru nanoparticles which serve as the active sites for the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural under mild conditions. Full conversion of furfural and 100% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol can be achieved at 20 °C and 0.5 MPa H2 on Ru/Al-MIL-53-BDC.

In this paper, the structure of cylindrical shell with a reinforced circular cutout using combination model of solid element and shell element was analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. Multipoint constraint (MPC) method is mainly used to solve the connection between solid element and shell element when considering the calculation accuracy and efficiency of the model. The combination model of solid and shell element is established in ANSYS, and has been compared to the model of shell element and the model of solid element. The result showed that in the aspects of the stress distribution of the pressure hull near the cutout, buckling behavior of the structure and its instability response, the combination model of solid and shell element was almost equal to the others, it is convincible as well as possessing merits of other models.

The vector correlations between products and reactants for the reaction F+HI→FI+H are studied using quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method. Employing a semiempirical LEPS potential energy surface constructed by Kornweitz and Persky, this work calculates the angular distributions of P(𝜃 r ), P(ϕ r ) and several PDDCSs in the center of mass frame. The effect of the collision energy on the product vector properties is also discussed.

Study design A transcriptional expression assessment of human samples. Objective To evaluate 12 new candidate nucleus pulposus (NP) markers in degenerative disc disease in a Chinese population. Summary of background data Disc degeneration is a major contributor of low back pain. However, no specific and reliable markers of degeneration of NP are available. Methods Specimens of NP were collected from 81 patients and grouped into the degenerated disc group (undergoing discectomy and fusion with significant signs of disc degeneration) and the trauma control group (undergoing anterior vertebral body and disc excision and fusion without signs of disc degeneration). Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and safranin O staining of sections of NP tissues were conducted to evaluate the severity of the disc degeneration in all samples. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the levels of mRNA expression of these genes, as well as those of aggrecan, type II collagen, and SRY-box 9 (SOX-9). Degenerated samples were also divided into groups according to Pfirrmann grading system to elucidate the association of severity of degeneration and gene transcriptional levels. We also tested the relationship between mRNA levels of these genes and clinical characteristics such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Results We demonstrated that 11 of the 12 candidates showed significant differential expression in degenerated discs. Changes in the expression of these 11 genes were determined to be risk factors in degenerative disc diseases. The expression of neurochondrin (NCDN), keratin 8 (KRT8), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) even showed significant changes among subgroups of patients with degenerative disc disease stratified according to the Pfirrmann grading system. The expression of keratin 18 (KRT18), cadherin 2 (CDH2), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), KRT8, and NCDN was significantly decreased in patients with hypertension. In contrast, the expression of MGP and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein was significantly upregulated in patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion Overall, we demonstrated the clinical utility of 11 novel NP markers for degenerative disc disease. Among them, the expression of NCDN, KRT8, and MGP may indicate the severity of disc degeneration. Level of evidence N/A.

The use of single light rare earth elements in agriculture was studied using the application of single rare earth elements (La and Ce) to Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in field plot experiments where the soil conditions remained the same but the season (spring or autumn) in which application occurred was altered. The results showed that the Chinese cabbage's nutrition quality between the two seasons had obvious differences. When planted in the autumn, the soluble sugar and vitamin C content was higher, the titratable acid and nitrate content was lower, and the ratio of sugar to acid was higher, while when planted in spring, the situation was opposite. La or Ce treatments in spring and autumn promoted the growth of the Chinese cabbage, the fresh and dry weight of the stems and leaves increased, the ratio of dry to fresh weight increased, and the observed effects were greater in the Ce treatments than the La treatments. Moreover, the soluble sugar content increased and the titratable acid content decreased, which meant that the ratio of sugar to acid increased. There was an increase in the vitamin C and nitrate content in the spring Chinese cabbage, while there was a decrease in the vitamin C and nitrate content in the autumn. The levels of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni decreased. The La treatment had greater effects on the spring Chinese cabbage, while the Ce affected the autumn Chinese cabbage more.

In this study, functionally gradient aluminum reinforced by Silicon carbide particles (FGMSiCp/Al) composites are prepared by microwave sintering and pressureless sintering processing. The sintering behaviors, mechanical properties of composites were measured, and microstructure was observed by optical microscope and SEM. The results showed that the density of sintered samples which prepared by microwave sintering were better than that presureless sintering one. The highest density of sintered sample by microwave sintering reached 2.64 g/cm3, the relative density was 95.65%. Whatever preparing process, the mechanical properties of sintered samples were related to the temperature. The distribution of silicon carbide particles is uniform in the aluminum matrix, however, slight agglomeration can be observed. The interface between other layers is not obvious except interface between Al and 5% SiC/Al layer.

This paragraph deploys high temperature non-vacuum methods, and vanadium pentoxide powder, carbon black and graphite is used to make VN. The result shows that the particle sizes of these three raw materials vary greatly. When they are mixed with a certain proportion, the kinetics condition of reaction is greatly improved. when the vanadium pentoxide powder enters agglomeration level(1490°C) after it has been reduced and nitrided, agglomeration time has small effect on the reaction process and chemical composition of product. On the contrary，if the agglomeration time lasts too long, it will generate VC. Therefore, the agglomeration time can be reduced to 2~4 hours.

Using spring wheat as tested materials, by pot experiments and three fertilization modes (seed soaking mode, irrigated fertilization mode and mixed using mode), the effects of sodium humate on the wheat seedlings growth and mineral elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) absorption were studied. The results indicated that, all three modes showed obviously resistance performance to Cd stress, promoted the wheat seedlings growth and the dry matter accumulation, and the third mode had the best effects. In the background soil, sodium humate treatments could obviously inhibit the Cd elements absorption; promote the mineral elements absorption and accumulation. Along with the Cd stress degree aggravateing, the inhibition effects reduced. At the same time, different fertilization modes had different effects on mineral elements absorption and accumulation. The research also puts forward that humic acid fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer and soil conditioner with alleviate heavy metals pollution and enhance plant stress resistance function.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the application potential of CyberKnife for high-risk tumors of the central nervous system and to analyze the effectiveness of CyberKnife in relation to dose recovery and gain division (times). A total of Eighty-one targeted areas from 139 central nervous tumor lesions in 60 patients were treated with I-VI ranged CyberKnife for 1 week. Following CyberKnife treatment, imaging tests revealed a decrease in tumor volume, reduction of central nervous system symptoms and an increase in the life quality of patients. The advantages of CyberKnife include non-invasiveness, individualized treatment, flexibility, high accuracy and rapid treatment. CyberKnife produces slight damage and a favorable therapeutic effect and expands our concepts concerning precise radiotherapy for tumors. It is an indispensable method for personalized tumor treatment.

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by silicon carbide particles (SiCp/Al) were prepared using microwave sintering. The hardness, bending strength and compression strength of sintered composites had been measured. The results showed that SiCp/Al composite can be sintered by microwave in very short time. The oxidation or plating copper in silicon carbide surface can improve the mechanical properties of composites.

On the preparation of porous ceramics with composite sintering auxiliaries Y2O3-Al2O3 , the main ingredient of SIC , and CMC as the porous agent . Having studied the C content of composite structure and mechanical properties , And analysised the composite fracture morphology with SEM . The results show that, when using different particle size of carbon powders mixed the porous silicon carbide ceramic sample size powdered carbon than a single sample of micro skeleton intact, the shapes of holes, and more rules are uniformly distributed, comprehensive mechanics performance is better.

Previous studies showed that brain trauma promotes repair of peripheral nerve injury by reducing scar in nerve endings. The effect of brain injury at different locations on ipsilateral rat sciatic nerve regeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats was found to promote the repair of ipsilateral sciatic nerve injury, thus providing further experimental evidence for the unveiling of traumatic brain injury promoting peripheral nerve regeneration.

In this work, the whole theoretical methods for the determination of pKa1. and pKa2. of complicated compounds are proposed by capillary zone electrophoresis. The pKa values are achieved by non-linear regression analysis by taking into consideration the effect of activity coefficient. This is the first report on determining the dissociation constants of gastrodin, magnolol, honokiol, quercetin, curcumin, diethylstilbestrol, 4-acetamidophenol, eugenol and paeonol.

// Xianfeng Lin 1,2,* , Xiangqian Fang 1,2,* , Qiang Wang 1,2,* , Zhijun Hu 1,2 , Kai Chen 3 , Zhi Shan 1 , Shuai Chen 1,2 , Jiying Wang 1,2 , Jian Mo 1,2 , Jianjun Ma 1,2 , Wenbing Xu 1,2 , An Qin 4 and Shunwu Fan 1,2 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 2 Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China 4 Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China * These authors have contributed equally Correspondence to: Shunwu Fan, email: // An Qin, email: // Keywords : intervertebral disc, decellularization, extracellular matrix, disc degeneration, mesenchymal stem cell, Pathology Section Received : November 26, 2015 Accepted : February 18, 2016 Published : February 25, 2016 Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with back pain and disc herniation. This study established a modified protocol for intervertebral disc (IVD) decellularization and prepared its extracellular matrix (ECM). By culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)(3, 7, 14 and 21 days) and human degenerative IVD cells (7 days) in the ECM, implanting it subcutaneously in rabbit and injecting ECM microparticles into degenerative disc, the biological safety and efficacy of decellularized IVD was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo . Here, we demonstrated that cellular components can be removed completely after decellularization and maximally retain the structure and biomechanics of native IVD. We revealed that allogeneic ECM did not evoke any apparent inflammatory reaction in vivo and no cytotoxicity was found in vitro . Moreover, IVD ECM can induce differentiation of MSCs into IVD-like cells in vitro . Furthermore, allogeneic ECM microparticles are effective on the treatment of rabbit disc degeneration in vivo . In conclusion, our study developed an optimized method for IVD decellularization and we proved decellularized IVD is safe and effective for the treatment of degenerated disc diseases.

Unlike its reported role in the cardiovascular diseases, little information is available for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the cerebrovascular function. We investigated the different effects of ALDH2 genotypes on the risk of cerebral infarction between the genders, because different genders had different smoking and/or dinking status which are also risk factors for cerebral infarction. 247 healthy Chinese Han people (controls, group 1), 287 Chinese Han male patients with cerebral infarction (group 2), and 82 Chinese Han female patients with cerebral infarction (group 3) were involved in this study. The frequencies of the ALDH2*2 allele in group 3 were significantly higher than those in other groups (with P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The difference of ALDH2*2 allele frequency between group 1 and group 2 was not significant (P = 0.652). After adjustment for smoking and drinking status, the male patients without smoking or drinking status (group 4) had higher ALDH2*2 allele frequency than group 1, but the difference was still not significant (P = 0.139). Thus, we conclude that ALDH2*2 allele may be a significant negative risk factor for cerebral infarction in Chinese women [odds ratio (OR) = 2.207, 95% CI 1.416–3.439]. But for Chinese male patients, the negative effects of ALDH2*2 allele on cerebral infarction which might be concealed by other risk factors were not significant.

The vector correlations between products and reagents for the chemical reaction N(S-4) + O-2(X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) -> O(P-3) + NO(X-2 Pi) are studied using quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) method at different collision energies on the lowest (2)A' and (4)A potential energy surfaces (PESs) given by Sayos et al. [ R. Sayos, C. Oliva, M. Gonzalez, J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 670]. The results indicate that the rotational polarizations of product NO on the two PESs present different characters for different collision energies. The product rotational angular momentum j' is not only aligned, but also oriented along the direction perpendicular to the scattering plane on the two PESs. On the (2)A' PES, the product NO mainly tends to be scattered forward as the collision energy increases. And on the (4)A' PES the product displays a switch from the near isotropic scattering to the forward one with the increase of collision energy. At the same collision energy, the product rotational angular momentum is more strongly aligned on the (4)A' FOES than on the (2)A' PES. These differences arise from the different constructions of the two PESs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.