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BACKGROUND Targeted therapy represents an effective modality for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with substantial health benefits. Targeted agents for mCRC have been approved for over a decade. However, little is known about their application in real-world clinical practice. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the uptake of targeted therapy and determine barriers and factors associated with initiating targeted therapy among Chinese mCRC patients. METHODS A cross-sectional, multi-center, hospital-based survey was conducted in China, from March 2020 to March 2021. mCRC patients who had finished at least one cycle of chemotherapy were enrolled from nineteen hospitals in fourteen cities through stratified, multistage cluster sampling. Descriptive analyses were used to report patients' characteristics, distribution on the timing and kinds of targeted agents first time used, and barriers against targeted therapy. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess the factors associated with initiating targeted therapy. RESULTS A total of 1,688 mCRC patients were included. Slightly over half the patients (51.6%, 871/1,688) have initiated the targeted therapy, of whom, 44.5% (388/871), 20.2% (176/871), and 35.2% (307/871) first initiated as the first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy, respectively. Bevacizumab was most frequently used (68.4%, 596/871). Unaffordable medical costs (41.6%, 340/817), not convinced that targeted therapy works (30.8%, 252/817) and fear of side effects (17.3%, 141/817) were the most reported barriers against targeted therapy. Patients treated in the general hospital, and with lower level of education, less annual family income, no medical insurance, poor health-related quality of life prior to the first treatment of mCRC, metastasis outside liver/lung or systemic metastasis, a duration of mCRC CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the limited uptake of targeted therapy, and frequent delayed treatment and misuse of targeted agents among mCRC patients in China. Reducing the costs, and interventional education on improving public awareness were recommended to facilitate the application of targeted therapy.

It is great of significance to figure the time-trend of esophageal cancer (EC) and its current status for effective prevention and control, especially in EC high risk areas. As one of world-renowned high-risk areas, the epidemiology of EC in Henan has not been recently updated. Therefore, we aimed to depict the status quo of EC and analyze its time-trend in Henan.The EC data were extracted from the Henan Provincial Cancer registry database derived from the population based cancer registry system, which covered 30.51% of the whole population in Henan and were qualified according to national and international guidelines. The incidence and mortality of EC were estimated by area (rural/urban), gender, and age groups. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated according to the Segi's population. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to evaluate the time-trend of EC.As estimated, there were 29,913 new EC cases in Henan, 2018. The crude incidence and the age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASIRW) was 27.43/10The EC incidence and mortality in Henan has exhibited a significant declining trend in past years. Nonetheless, the disease burden remains high, especially in males and rural areas. Therefore, the ongoing prevention and control strategies of EC should be maintained alongside the establishment of more effective strategies.

Henan province is an area with a serious disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. Understanding the current incidence and mortality and the time-trend is critical to formulate and optimize prevention and control strategies for CRC. However, the current incidence and mortality and time-trend of CRC in Henan province, China have not been reported.CRC data was got from the Henan Provincial Central Cancer Registry of China in which the data was submitted from local cancer registries. Combined with the census data, the incidence, mortality, proportion, age-standardized rate by Chinese population (ASRC), age-standardized rate by world population (ASRW), and cumulative incidence and mortality (0-74 years old) of CRC by urban and rural population, gender, and age groups were estimated. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of ASRC from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed.In 2017, it was estimated that there were 20,275 new cases and 10,046 deaths of CRC in Henan province. The crude incidence was 18.73/100,000, with an age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese population (ASIRC) of 13.97/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate by world population (ASIRW) of 13.78/100,000. The cumulative incidence was 1.66%. The mortality rate was 9.28/100,000, with an age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese population (ASMRC) of 6.49/100,000 and an age-standardized mortality rate by world population (ASMRW) of 6.45/100,000. The cumulative mortality rate was 0.69%. The ASIRC and ASMRC were higher in urban areas (15.89/100,000, 7.19/100,000) than in rural areas (13.13/100,000, 6.20/100,000), and higher in males (15.53/100,000, 7.44/100,000) than in females (12.48/100,000, 5.66/100,000). The age-specific incidence reached the peak at age of 80-84, and the age-specific mortality reached the peak at age 85. From 2010 to 2017, the overall ASIRC and ASMRC showed a steady trend (P0.05), while an upward trend was observed in the mortality rate in urban males (AAPC =3.4, 95% CI: 0.2-6.7, P=0.040).The incidence and mortality of CRC were high in Henan province, and higher in urban areas and males. It is critical to strengthen the prevention and control of CRC, carry out targeted intervention, and promote screening and early diagnosis and treatment, particularly among urban areas and males.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant public health burden worldwide. The investigation of the choice of medical facility among CRC patients is helpful for understanding access to health services and improving quality of oncology services to optimize health outcomes. However, there are limited studies on the topic. The objective of this study was to investigate the choice of medical facility and its associated factors among advanced CRC patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional multi-center study included a total of 4,589 individuals with advanced CRC from 19 hospitals in 7 geographic regions in China. Participants were recruited by multi-stage stratified sampling. In the first stage, two cities in each geographic region were selected through simple random sampling. In the second stage, one tertiary cancer hospital and/or one general hospital were selected in each city. Data on medical experience and demographics were collected via a questionnaire during face-to-face interviews. Explanatory variables were selected based on the Andersen behavioral model. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with the level of medical facility for the first treatment. RESULTS: Hospitals at the prefecture level were the most common medical facility sought by advanced CRC patients for initial medical care (44.9%), the first definite diagnosis (46.3%), the first treatment (39.5%), and regular follow-up (38.9%). However, the first priority was changed to hospitals at the national level for the second treatment (38.0%) and after recurrence and metastasis (45.9%). Female {odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.71] to 1.41 (95% CI: 1.07–1.87)} and relatively well-educated individuals [ORs ranged from 1.74 (95% CI: 1.20–2.53) to 7.26 (95% CI: 4.18–12.60)] preferred to seek higher-level health facilities. Individuals with metastatic CRC at diagnosis were more likely to visit hospitals in provincial capitals versus hospitals at the county level (OR =1.68, 95% CI: 1.27–2.22). Individuals with “good” health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (OR =0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.81) were less likely to seek hospitals at the prefecture level compared with hospitals at the county level. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve the oncology services for CRC patients, including the optimization of referral reform policy and the promotion of quality of primary healthcare service. The results may provide evidence to fill the policy-implementation gap and potentially contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of the healthcare system.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignancy globally, and its disease burden is increasing rapidly in China. But CRC patients’ knowledge and awareness of CRC have not yet been examined, which could facilitate the identification of targeted population from public for intervention. METHODS: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted in 19 tertiary hospitals (10 cancer hospitals and 9 general hospitals) from March 2020 to March 2021 in China. During study period, all Stage III and IV CRC patients were invited to complete a semi-structured survey that had been designed to collect information about their socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge and awareness of CRC risk factors and screening. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with their knowledge and awareness. RESULTS: In total, 4,589 advanced CRC patients were enrolled in this study, of whom, 46.2% were from tertiary cancer hospitals, and 59.5% were male. Patients had a mean age of 60.1±11.6 years. Before diagnosis, 65.1% of the patients had no related knowledge of the CRC risk factors, and 84.9% were unaware of the CRC screening-related information. Only 30.4% of patients had actively sought to acquire CRC-related knowledge before diagnosis. The 3 most common knowledge sources were relatives or friends who had been diagnosed with CRC (13.2%), popular science television/broadcast shows (12.9%), and community publicity and education (9.6%). Generally, knowledge and awareness were positively associated with better education level [odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.49 to 2.54, P

BACKGROUND: The imbalanced allocation of medical resources leads to the occurrence of cross-regional healthcare-seeking in China. Due to the low cure rate, advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients may seek cross-regional healthcare for high-level medical facilities. Investigating status of cross-regional healthcare-seeking and its associated factors among advanced CRC patients is important for policymakers to understand access to health services and improve the quality of oncology services. METHODS: From March 2020 to March 2021, a cross‑sectional, nation-wide, hospital-based, multi-center survey was conducted. Nineteen hospitals in seven regions were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling. All eligible CRC patients in the selected hospitals were invited to participate in the current study. The outcome variable, cross-regional healthcare-seeking, was defined as seeking health facilities outside the local administration policy of medical insurance. The demographics, clinical information, and medical treatment history of each eligible CRC patient in stage III or IV, were collected through the patients’ self-reporting or medical records by trained interviewers. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to explore the associated factors of cross-regional healthcare-seeking. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: A total of 4,589 individuals with advanced CRC were included. The average age of the patients was 60.1±11.6 years, and 59.5% were males. About 37.5% of the patients suffered from metastatic CRC at first diagnosis. Approximately 36.5% of the patients had sought cross-regional health care previously, and among them, 31.9% had encountered problems. The most common problems included complicated procedures (95.3%), unreimbursed expenses of outpatient service (71.0%), and reimbursement delay (59.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who completed undergraduate or above [odds ratio (OR) =1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.73], had an annual household income of more than 100,000 Chinse Yuan (CNY) (OR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.21–1.78), and had metastasis at diagnosis (OR =1.33, 95% CI: 1.18–1.51) were more likely to seek cross-regional health care. CONCLUSIONS: About one third of advanced CRC patients seek cross-regional health care, and 31.9% had encountered problems. There is a need to simplify procedures of reimbursement, optimize direct settlement system and referral mechanisms in order to improve the equality of health services.

The electromagnetic environment of UHV AC transmission project mainly considers the electric field, magnetic field, radio interference (RI) and audible noise. Based on the condition of electrified test of UHV AC Gas insulated line (GIL) test line, the measurement of electromagnetic environment was carried out, the limits of these impact factors were sorted out, the field measurement was carried out, and the conformity to the limits was analyzed. The electromagnetic environment around GIL was measured under different conditions of current and voltage. The measurement results have shown as follows: The electric field strength increased significantly after voltage was applied, and the electric field strength generated by line structure above GIL and VFTO device was dominant. After current and voltage were applied, the magnetic flux density around GIL increased significantly, and the maximum value was near the middle of the straight line or at the corner. The farther away the GIL is, and the higher the GIL is from the ground, the lower the magnetic flux density is. While voltage was applied and no current was applied, RI increased significantly, and RI generated by line architecture above GIL and VFTO was dominant. Considering the horizontal attenuation, the distance above 20 m can meet the limit requirements. After applying voltage and current, even if there were buildings under construction nearby, the Zone-0 daytime limit of 50 dB(A) was not exceeded. In general, the electromagnetic environment level of UHV AC GIL test line meets the requirements of relevant limits.

Transformer noise is a type of environmental sound that causes discomfort to individuals. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of relatively long-term periods of transformer noise on the behavior and neurophysiology of SD rats. A total of 90 healthy SD rats with normal hearing were randomly divided into two experimental groups (65 and 60 dB group) and a control group. The experimental groups were exposed to recorded transformer noise for 8 weeks (sound level limits: 65 or 60 dB) and the control group was maintained under the same conditions without noise stimulation. Changes in physiological growth (weight tests), behavior (tail suspension and open field behavior tests) and neurophysiology (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, the morphologies of hippocampi) following noise exposure were recorded and compared. The results revealed that rats exhibited normal physiological growth, with no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Following noise exposure, no significant differences were observed in the results of behavioral experiments (tail suspension and open field behavior tests) between the experimental and control groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels or in the morphologies of hippocampi between groups. In conclusion, exposure to transformer noise with a sound level limit of 65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) or 60 dB SPL (spectral range, 100-800 Hz) for 8 weeks (10 h/day) had no significant impact on the behavior and neurophysiology of SD rats.

The passive interference of transmission lines to nearby radio stations may affect the effective reception and transmission of radio station signals. Therefore, the accurate calculation of the electromagnetic scattering of transmission lines under the condition of external electromagnetic waves is the basis for determining the reasonable avoidance spacing of the two. For passive stations operating in short-wave frequencies, passive interference is mainly generated by the tower, and span is one of the most significant factors affecting passive interference. This paper uses the method of moments to carry out the passive interference calculations under normal circumstances, expounds the method of calculating the electromagnetic field of transmission line at the same time. And elaborates the method for calculating the electromagnetic field of the transmission line, obtains the space electric field intensity of the transmission line at the same working frequency and space location of the plane wave. Applying the approximate formula to calculate the formula for the span and critical distance between the observation point and the transmission line.

The passive interference of transmission lines to nearby radio stations may affect the effective reception and transmission of radio station signals. Therefore, the accurate calculation of the electromagnetic scattering of transmission lines under the condition of external electromagnetic waves is the basis for determining the reasonable avoidance spacing of the two. For passive stations operating in short-wave frequencies, passive interference is mainly generated by the tower. This paper uses the method of moments to perform passive interference calculations under normal circumstances, And elaborates the method for calculating the electromagnetic field of the transmission line, obtains the space electric field intensity of the transmission line at the same working frequency and space location of the plane wave. Uses the approximate formula to inductive the formula for calculating height of tower and the protective distance.

Passive interference of transmission lines to neighbouring radio stations may affect the effective reception and transmission of radio station signals. Therefore, it is the basis to accurately calculate the electromagnetic scattering of transmission lines including overhead wires and towers under the circumstance of electromagnetic waves from outside. Wherein for radio stations, the overhead conductor is the main factor that affects the radar detection because of the working mode of the radar and other factors. In this paper, in the general case of the application of moment method to carry out passive interference calculations, the overhead lines are assumed to be all the actual wire. The space electric field strength and RCS of the different pitch at different operating frequencies and spaces are obtained. The influence of pitch on passive interference of overhead conductors was analyzed. Thus providing a basis for modeling to save energy and reduce the effects of passive interference provides the modeling basis.

A reasonable excitation function is vital to make a precise evaluation about the radio interference (RI) level of ultra-high-voltage (UHV) AC power lines. To obtain this function, a large number of RI measurements in heavy rain condition were done using different conductor bundles in a corona cage. Then, the excitation function in heavy rain condition was obtained by least-square fitting these measured values. After that, the validity of this function was verified with the statistical data measured from the Hubei long-term station, which is located under the operating 1000 kV Jindongnan–Nanyang–Jingmen UHV AC transmission lines. It turns out that the deviation between the prediction and the long-term average value is 1.1 dB in heavy rain condition, and 1.3 dB in fair weather condition. In addition, the long-term data measured in Hubei Station show that the conversion laws of RI at different weather conditions in International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR)18 are also applicable to 1000 kV UHV transmission lines.

High-voltage transmission line corona and sparking will bring television interference (TVI). Study has been seldom executed about active TVI from HV transmission line, and much less research on UHV AC lines. Based on present literatures, this paper brings forward test method of TVI from HV transmission line. Near straight span and tension tower of Chinese UHV AC Pilot Demonstration Project, several tests about TV picture, TVI field strength, the television signal field strength before and after lines energized, has been carried out in good weather. According to observation, interference characteristics to TV picture has been analyzed. Results indicate that, with increasing distance from the outer phase, UHV single circuit TVI field strength in fine weather attenuates negative exponentially. This paper illustrates it is questionable to use CISPR quasi-peak value for assessment of interference on TV picture caused by UHV transmission line corona and sparking noise.

Through the implementation of algorithm based on B-Rep three-dimensional solid modeling techniques, combination with substation, pole tower, electric transmission line and other electric power facilities, C# is used as the main development language and Microsoft Visual Studio2013 is applied to develop three-dimensional solid modeling software of electric power facilities to serve as pre-processing part of CAE system and provide software technology support for finite element analysis.

In the construction of UHVDC power line in China, the national standard of reradiation interference protecting distance between UHVDC power line and receiving station of AM broadcasting needs to be renewed. In this paper, the wire-surface simulation model is used to calculate the interference. In the model, steel tower is represented as surface model, ground wire is represented as wire model, and the whole model is excitated by vertical polarization plane wave. For the deficiency of traditional solution method of protecting distance calculation, a new method is proposed. It is recommended that the whole work frequency band of receiving station should be calculated to determine the space interval which has actual protecting distance. Then the interval is gradually narrowed with dichotomy method until the interval size is within allowable value. With the first-grade receiving station of AM broadcasting as example, the reradiation interference protecting distance from UHVDC power line and station is calculated..

Background Esophageal cancer is associated with substantial disease burden in China, and data on the economic burden are fundamental for setting priorities in cancer interventions. The medical expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China has not been fully quantified. This study aimed to examine the medical expenditure of Chinese patients with esophageal cancer and the associated trends. Methods From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 37 hospitals in 13 provinces/municipalities across China as a part of the Cancer Screening Program of Urban China. For each esophageal cancer patient diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, clinical information and expense data were extracted by using structured questionnaires. All expense data were reported in Chinese Yuan (CNY; 1 CNY = 0.155 USD) based on the 2011 value and inflated using the year-specific health care consumer price index for China. Results A total of 14,967 esophageal cancer patients were included in the analysis. It was estimated that the overall average expenditure per patient was 38,666 CNY, and an average annual increase of 6.27% was observed from 2002 (25,111 CNY) to 2011 (46,124 CNY). The average expenditures were 34,460 CNY for stage I, 39,302 CNY for stage II, 40,353 CNY for stage III, and 37,432 CNY for stage IV diseases (P

BACKGROUND In previous studies, scientists found that, when spirotetramat was introduced into plants or animals, it was mainly metabolised at positions C-4 and C-8. That is to say, these two functional positions potentially played an important role in spirotetramat's bioactivities. In order to develop novel insecticides or miticides, the present authors designed and synthesised 35 spirotetramat analogues based on metabolite structures. RESULTS All of the analogues have been identified on the basis of 1H NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis data. The activities of these analogues were evaluated against three organisms, and biological assays indicated that compounds 5f, 5h and 5u possessed better insecticidal activities against bean aphids (Aphis fabae) than the lead compound spirotetramat. The LC50 of 5f, 5h and 5u against bean aphids reached 0.42, 0.28 and 2.53 mg L−1 respectively. Moreover, some compounds possessed comparable activities against carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) and oriental armyworm (Mythimna sepatara) with spirotetramat. The structure–activity relationships (SARs) indicated that the flexible bridge at position C-4 of spirotetramat was important for its bioactivities, and the size of the group at position C-8 would have great influence on the activities. Furthermore, the log P values lower than 6.0 may be favourable for insecticidal activities. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrates that some spirotetramat analogues can be used as potential lead compounds for developing novel insecticides, and preliminary SAR analysis would provide information for the utilisation of spirotetramat analogues as potential lipid biosynthesis inhibitors. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

This paper focuses on reducing the vibration noise of amorphous metal alloy core superconducting distribution transformers (AMSDTs) with a micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber. An AMSDT model was used as the test object, and a single MPP, double MPPs, and different backed cavities filled with the air experimentally and compared when rated voltages were applied to the AMSDT model. Testing was also implemented with the application of different applied voltages to the AMSDT. The results validate the proposition that the MPP absorber effectively reduces the audible noise of the AMSDT.

The FE models of the front beam and the moving trolley of pipe hydrostatic tester are built with FE simulation software ABAQUS in the study. With the FE models, the force statuses of the two heavy parts of pipe hydrostatic tester are studied. It is found that the stress of the action field of the axial force and that of small field contacting with the pins of the front beam is higher and thicker middle cylinder can significantly improve the stress of the front beam. The stress of the middle cylinder and that of small field contacting with the pins of the moving trolley is higher. Thicker middle cylinder and optimizational ribs can significantly improve the stress of the moving trolley. The front beam and the moving trolley are optimized and the strength and the stiffness of the optimized front beam and moving trolley can be satisfied with the requirement of application. The results of the study are very useful to design the pipe hydrostatic tester.

Passive interference analysis of transmission lines to radio stations is almost entirely based on the method of moments (MOM) or the rapid multipole method and multi-layer fast multipole method (FMM) developed by the method of moments. Based on the above algorithm, this paper proposes to use a diffraction model (UTD) and an optical diffraction method (PO) to model different transmission lines with different radii. The calculation results show that the difference of field strength generated by transmission lines with different radii varies with the distance of the observation point on the transmission line, and the accuracy of the UTO method is much smaller than that of the PO method. It can make good results that provides technical foundation for future modeling.

In order to investigate the effects of intermittent exposure extremely low frequency magnetic field on embryonic development of fish, Zebrafish was selected to serve as the study object to study the embryonic development effect of intermittent exposure to magnetic fields. Hatching fertilized eggs of zebrafish was placed in the magnetic field of 50Hz and 100μT, and divided into five groups which include control group, “1h exposure/5h intermittence”, “2h exposure/4h intermittence”, “3h exposure/3h intermittence” and full day exposure according to daily exposure time. Then, it was necessary to analyze the difference between relevant embryonic development indexes of each group. The results showed that at 96h of zebrafish embryonic development, there was no significant difference between survival rate, aberration rate, hatching rate of exposed embryos in each magnetic field and the control group (probability P>0.05); Heart rate gradually increased with the increase of embryo and there were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). The study showed that the selected magnetic field exposure conditions had no significant effect on embryonic development of fish.

To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality of Henan province in 2009.On basis of the criteria of data quality from the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR), data from 6 registries in Henan province were evaluated, covering 6 061 564 people, accounting for 6.45% of the total population in Henan in 2009. There were 3 104 991 people of males, and 2 956 573 people of females. The incidence, mortality, 10 most common cancers, constitution and cumulative rate (0-74 years old) were then calculated. The age-standardized rate was calculated and adjusted by the Chinese standard population in 1982 as well as the Segi's world standard population.There were 12 091 new diagnosed cancer and 8040 death cases registered in Henan province in 2009. The rate of pathological diagnosis was 68.2% (8246/12 901) and only 1.75% (2116/12 901) had death certificates. The ratio of mortality and incidence was 0.66 (8040/12 091). The incidence rate was 199.47/100 000 (12 091/6 061 564) in total, and it was 216.36/100 000(6718/3 104 991) in males and 181.73/100 000(5373/2 956 573) among females. The standardized incidence by Chinese population was 126.50/100 000 and it was 166.08/100 000 by world's population. The cumulative rate was 19.95% between 0 and 74 years old. The incidence was the highest in Linzhou city, whose standardized incidence was 156.87/100 000 by Chinese population and the incidence was the lowest in Shenqiu city, whose standardized incidence was 104.82/100 000 by Chinese population. The morphology verified cases accounted for 68.2% (8246/12 091), death certification cases only accounted for 1.75% (2116/12 091), and mortality to incidence ratio was 0.66 (8040/12 091). The crude incidence in cancer registration areas of Henan province was 199.47/10 000 (12 091/6 061 564), 216.36/10 000(6718/3 104 991) for males, 181.73/10 000 (5373/2 956 573) for females, age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 126.50/10 000 and 166.08/10 000 with cumulative incidence rate (0-74 age years old) of 19.95%. The crude mortality in cancer registration areas of Henan province was 132.64/100 000 (8040/6 061 564), separately 160.58/100 000 (4986/3 104 991) for males and 103.30/10 000 (3054/2 956 573) for females. The age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and by world's standard population were 78.41/10 000 and 107.49/10 000. The cumulative mortality rate (0-74 age years old) was 12.18%. The mortality rate was the highest in Linzhou city, whose standardized rate was 93.35/100 000 by Chinese population, and the lowest mortality rate was in Yuzhou city, whose standardized rate was 67.95/100 000. The most common cancers were lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, rectum cancer, brain nervous system cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer and uterus cancer, all of which accounted for 82.23% (9943/12 091) of the registered cancers.Lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, rectum cancer, brain nervous system cancer, pancreas cancer, colon cancer and gallbladder carcinoma were the major causes for the death, accounting for 86.30% (6938/8040) of all cancer deaths.Both incidence and mortality of cancer in Henan province were lower than the level in China, prevention and control should be implemented based on practical situation.

There is the resonance phenomenon in the reradiation interference on wireless station from power lines. The wire-surface simulation model, in which steel tower is represented as surface model and ground wire is represented as wire model, is excitated by vertical polarization plane wave. Based on the method of moments (MoM), the base function of wire-surface model junction point and the computation method are discussed. With various frequencies, the interference values are calculated. The possible impact factors of interference resonance, such as ground wire, conductor, number of towers and tower spans, are studied. The results show that the decisive impact factor on reradiation interference is tower spans. It is concluded that interference is mainly decided by electromagnetic scatter from power towers in short wave and above.

In the construction of UHVDC power line in China, the national standard of reradiation interference protecting distance between UHVDC power line and receiving station of AM broadcasting needs to be renewed. In this paper, the wire-surface simulation model is used to calculate the interference. In the model, steel tower is represented as surface model, ground wire is represented as wire model, and the whole model is excitated by vertical polarization plane wave. For the deficiency of traditional solution method of protecting distance calculation, a new method is proposed. It is recommended that the whole work frequency band of receiving station should be calculated to determine the space interval which has actual protecting distance. Then the interval is gradually narrowed with dichotomy method until the interval size is within allowable value. With the first-grade receiving station of AM broadcasting as example, the reradiation interference protecting distance from UHVDC power line and station is calculated.

In previous studies, scientists found that, when spirotetramat was introduced into plants or animals, it was mainly metabolised at positions C-4 and C-8. That is to say, these two functional positions potentially played an important role in spirotetramat's bioactivities. In order to develop novel insecticides or miticides, the present authors designed and synthesised 35 spirotetramat analogues based on metabolite structures.All of the analogues have been identified on the basis of (1)H NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis data. The activities of these analogues were evaluated against three organisms, and biological assays indicated that compounds 5f, 5h and 5u possessed better insecticidal activities against bean aphids (Aphis fabae) than the lead compound spirotetramat. The LC50 of 5f, 5h and 5u against bean aphids reached 0.42, 0.28 and 2.53 mg L(-1) respectively. Moreover, some compounds possessed comparable activities against carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) and oriental armyworm (Mythimna sepatara) with spirotetramat. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) indicated that the flexible bridge at position C-4 of spirotetramat was important for its bioactivities, and the size of the group at position C-8 would have great influence on the activities. Furthermore, the log P values lower than 6.0 may be favourable for insecticidal activities.The present work demonstrates that some spirotetramat analogues can be used as potential lead compounds for developing novel insecticides, and preliminary SAR analysis would provide information for the utilisation of spirotetramat analogues as potential lipid biosynthesis inhibitors.

The effect of power frequency electric field to human's living condition is being paid more attention; especially the abnormally large measurement data of power frequency electric field have caused public concern in high humidity conditions. To illustrate the abnormally large measurement data is caused by humidity which changed electrical performance of measurement equipment and its support, instead of changing space electric field distribution, this paper made theoretical analysis on power frequency electric field distribution under the transmission lines, discussed various reasons for changing measurement equipment performance caused by humidity. Then the experiment is carried out.The result of experimental verification shows that the distorted electric field nearby probe is the main reason of abnormally large measurement data, and different measurement equipment's sensitivity to humidity is also distinct. Therefore, to make sure of the accuracy of measurement data, the modification coefficient to different measurement equipment is required.

To explore the effect of glucose fluctuation on resistin.The phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA)-activated and differentiated U937 cells were exposed to experimental condition for 3 days, three groups of cells were formed, each one receiving the following fresh medium every 6 hours, respectively: (1) continuous 11.1 mmol/L glucose concentration medium (Con group), (2) continuous 22.2 mmol/L glucose concentration medium (CHG group), (3) alternating 11.1 mmol/L glucose concentration and 22.2 mmol/L glucose concentration medium every 6 hours (IHG group). The supernatants of cell median at the last 6 hours were collected to test resistin concentration. Besides, 92 subjects were selected and classified into three groups according to the results of oral glucose tolerance test: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT group, n=30), impaired glucose tolerance patients (IGT group, n=31) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM group, n=31). Blood glucose and serum resistin levels were measured at 0 h and 1 h during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to compare the glucose fluctuation (ΔGlu1-0) and the change of serum resistin level (ΔlnRes1-0) among the three groups.Resistin concentration in the Con, CHG and IHG group was (73.62±5.07) ng/L, (97.78±7.00) ng/L and (212.49±28.81) ng/L respectively and in IHG group it was higher as compared with the other two groups (P0.05). ΔGlu1-0 in NGT, IGT and T2DM group was (2.31±2.30) mmol/L, (5.70±2.08) mmol/L and (8.41±2.63) mmol/L respectively; ΔGlu1-0 increased gradually in all the three groups (P0.05). Serum resistin level from 0 h to 1 h in the NGT group was 6.41 (1.52-15.76) µg/L to 6.96 (1.52-22.70) µg/L, in the IGT group 5.47 (1.49-24.09) µg/L to 9.12 (1.27-21.94) µg/L and in the T2DM group 5.77 (1.11-30.10) µg/L to 9.27(1.02-48.15) µg/L. In the IGT and T2DM group serum resistin level increased from 0 h to 1 h (P0.05), but no difference was observed in the NGT group (P0.05). ΔlnRes1-0 in these 3 groups was (0.05±0.05) µg/L, (0.25±0.04) µg/L and (0.37±0.03) µg/L respectively and the change in the T2DM group was significant as compared with that in the NGT group, ΔlnRes1-0 was positively correlated with ΔGlu1-0 (r=0.23, P=0.02).Glucose fluctuation induced monocyte/macrophage to secrete resistin, greater the glucose fluctuation, greater the change of amplitude of serum resistin.

In the title dihalogenated trichodermin mol-ecule, C(17)H(24)Br(2)O(4) (systematic name: 9,10-dibromo-12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-en-4β-yl acetate), the five-membered ring displays an envelope conformation, whereas the two six-membered rings show the same conformation, viz. chair. As for the seven-membered ring, the dihedral angle between the mean planes formed by the four C atoms of the envelope unit and the three C and one O atoms of the six-membered chair is 69.08 (4)°; these two mean planes are nearly perpendicular to the ep-oxy ring with angles of 87.53 (4) and 88.67 (4)°, respectively.