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Four types of Al–Mg-Sc-Zr deposited metal were produced by wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) with conventional CMT(cold metal transfer), CMT + P(CMT pulse), CMT + ADV(CMT advanced) and CMT + PADV(CMT pulse advanced) arc modes, respectively. The effects of different arc modes on the wettability, formability, pore distribution, microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited metal were investigated. CMT + P appropriately adds pulses, and the results show CMT + P arc has good wettability, which can be used as a base and then use other mode additions. CMT + ADV due to the AC power supply, which can effectively suppress the porosity. Using this method, the transverse and longitudinal tensile strength of WAAM Al–Mg-Sc-Zr alloy is 327 MPa and 324 MPa, respectively. CMT + PADV takes into account both CMT + P and CMT + ADV modes, and has the highest effective width ratio, which can effectively improve the material utilization rate. Based on this study, the preliminary scheme of arc additive aluminum alloy can be obtained. CMT + P mode is adopted as the base. Then according to the requirements of the application scenario, the arc mode is changed for additive manufacturing.

Abstract Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) present an ongoing threat of human infections. Continuous surveillance is important for detecting new infections and verifying prevention and control measures. Swabs of the external environment and throat swabs of employees were collected from six farmers’ markets in Beijing to detect influenza A virus. Positive samples were sequenced, and their genetic characteristics analyzed. In total, 3251 environmental samples were collected from 2019 to 2023, 11 of which were positive for influenza A virus (positivity rate of 0.34%), including nine for H9N2 and two for H7N9. In a genetic analysis, all H7N9 samples showed low pathogenicity, and no mutations at highly pathogenic sites were detected. All 1135 throat swab samples from staff were negative for influenza A virus. At present, the detection rate of AIVs in farmers’ markets is very low, and no adaptive mutations allowing cross-host transmission were found, indicating a low risk of AIV infection among the people of Beijing.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma has a high incidence and poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the value of T-cell-related genes in prognosis by single-cell sequencing data in hepatocellular carcinoma. Twelve cases of hepatocellular carcinoma single-cell sequencing were included in the study. The high dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA) was used to identify gene modules associated with CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and exhausted T cells. Altered signaling pathway activity in exhausted T cells was uncovered by the AUCell algorithm. xCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, CIBERSORT and CIBERSORT-abs were performed to explore immune cell infiltration. Immune checkpoint inhibitor genes and TIDE methods were used to predict immunotherapy response. Finally, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to verify gene expression. The hdWGCNA algorithm identified 40 genes strongly associated with CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and exhausted T cells. Seven genes were finally selected for transcriptome data modeling. The results of the three independent datasets suggested that the model had strong prognostic value. Model genes were critical factors influencing CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell infiltration in patients. The efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy was higher in patients belonging to the low-risk group. Alterations in signaling pathways’ activity within exhausted T cells were crucial factors contributing to the decline in immune function. Differential expression of seven genes in CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and exhausted T cells were key targets for improving immunotherapy response in HCC.

The expansive spectral coverage and superior optical properties of lithium niobate (LN) offer a comprehensive suite of tools for exploring novel functionalities. Achieving high-quality (Q) photonic resonator cavities is crucial for enhancing light-matter interactions. However, this task is challenging as the device performance is heavily dependent on the fabrication quality of the LN. In this paper, we present experimental validation of an etchless approach to fabricating high-Q photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (PCNBCs). We successfully fabricate PCNBCs with Q factors exceeding 105 while maintaining high transmittance by capitalizing on the low waveguide loss and high fabrication tolerance of TE-polarized mode. Remarkably, the Q factor achieved here exceeds previous reports on etchless LN PCNBCs by over an order of magnitude. Benefiting from this advancement, we further explore a variety of optical functions, including thermo-optic tuning, optically induced bistability, and Fano line shapes generation. These findings present promising prospects for a versatile platform technique, facilitating the development of high-performance electro-optic or acousto-optic modulators, optical logic devices, and quantum photonics, highlighting its significant impact in the field of photonic integration.

This paper reviews recent system-level analysis methods for electromagnetic pulse coupling with local and network systems. For local systems, starting from the electromagnetic topology (EMT) method which utilizes the Baum-Liu-Tesche (BLT) equation, the time-domain BLT equation and the transient EMT method are reviewed. Their abilities to analyze nonlinear systems are examined. The transient EMT method is not only applicable to nonlinear cases but can also be easily integrated with circuit or device analysis. For large network systems, direct analysis presents significant challenges. A simplified method based on the effective coupling length approach and its application in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse coupling with power grids are discussed. This simplified method reduces the complexity of analysis from $N^{2}$ to N, where N represents the number of lines in the network. Additionally, a prediction model that utilizes artificial neural networks (ANN) for HEMP coupling with overhead lines is presented. Finally, the challenges faced in system-level coupling analysis are outlined and suggestions for future research are offered.

Abstract Automated guided vehicles play a crucial role in transportation and industrial environments. This paper presents a proposed Bio Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm for global path planning. The BPSO algorithm modifies the equation to update the particles’ velocity using the randomly generated angles, which enhances the algorithm’s searchability and avoids premature convergence. It is compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Transit Search (TS) algorithms by benchmark functions. It has great performance in unimodal optimization problems, and it gains the best fitness value with fewer iterations and average runtime than other algorithms. The Q-learning method is implemented for local path planning to avoid moving obstacles and combines with the proposed BPSO for the safe operations of automated guided vehicles. The presented BPSO-RL algorithm combines the advantages of the swarm intelligence algorithm and the Q-learning method, which can generate the globally optimal path with fast computational speed and support in dealing with dynamic scenarios. It is validated through computational experiments with moving obstacles and compared with the PSO algorithm for AGV path planning.

Abstract Electrochemical alcohol oxidation (EAO) represents an effective method for the production of high-value carbonyl products. However, its industrial viability is hindered by suboptimal efficiency stemming from low reaction rates. Here, we present a synergistic electrocatalysis approach that integrates an active electrode and aminoxyl radical to enhance the performance of EAO. The optimal aminoxyl radical (4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl) and Ni0.67V0.33-layered double hydroxide (LDH) are screen as cooperative electrocatalysts by integrating theoretical predictions and experiments. The Ni0.67V0.33-LDH facilitates the adsorption and activation of N-(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide (ACTH) via interactions with ketonic oxygen, thereby improving selectivity and yield at high current densities. The electrolysis process is scaled up to produce 200 g of the steroid carbonyl product 8b (19-Aldoandrostenedione), achieving a yield of 91% and a productivity of 243 g h-1. These results represent a promising method for accelerating electron transfer to enhance alcohol oxidation, highlighting its potential for practical electrosynthesis applications.

Abstract In the summer of 2018–2019, rocket‐triggered lightning experiments were conducted in Guangzhou, China. There were two types of lightning targets: ground and overhead line. By comparing the current and the electric field data in the two cases, it was found that when the continuous current level (ICC) and current amplitude (IM) of M‐components (current pulses generated during the continuous current stage) are large, the time difference between the electric field peak and the current peak (TD) will always be small. The rise time (RT) and half peak width (THPW) of M‐components with high ICC and IM are low in both the cases. The threshold upper limit of TD in the case of lightning striking the ground is higher, approximately 2.6 times than that in the case of lightning striking the overhead line. We use an optimised guided wave model to simulate the electric field waveforms of M‐components. It was found that the shorter RT and THPW of the M‐component, the smaller TD. The changes in wave speed and IM cannot affect the size of TD, and the impact of distance changes is very weak. The difference in the threshold upper limit of TD may be related to the significant difference in ground impedance in two cases.

ObjectiveThe commingling production of coal-measure gas represents a pivotal approach to enhancing the single-well production of unconventional gas in China. However, coal-measure gas reservoirs exhibit distinctly different material compositions and physical properties, leading to uncertainty of the propagation modes and developmental degrees of fractures in different reservoirs during the hydraulic fracturing of coal-measure gas reservoirs subjected to commingling production. Therefore, effectively coordinating the stimulation of multiple reservoirs for multi-gas commingling production is crucial for minimizing production costs and maximizing production capacity. Methods This study investigated the Linxing block along the northeastern margin of the Ordos Basin as an example to analyze the geologic and engineering factors influencing the commingled fracturing performance of coal-measure gas reservoirs. Utilizing numerical simulations, this study explored the propagation modes of fractures in various reservoirs. Accordingly, it proposed suggestions for commingled hydraulic fracturing in the Linxing block. Results The results indicate that an increase in the differences in the minimum horizontal in-situ stress and tensile strength between reservoirs and carriers, as well as an increase in the injection rates and viscosities of fracturing fluids, contributed to increased fracture heights and widths. Higher values of these parameters corresponded to enhanced fractures' capacity to penetrate strata. The minimum horizontal in-situ stress of strata and the viscosity of fracturing fluids primarily influenced the fracture widths of reservoirs. Specifically, a higher relative minimum horizontal in-situ stress of strata or a lower viscosity of fracturing fluids resulted in narrower fractures. Additionally, changes in the differences in modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio between reservoirs and barriers produced minimal impacts on the overall fracturing performance. Nevertheless, an increase in the difference in modulus of elasticity reduced the time for fractures to penetrate strata, enabling them to reach their ultimate heights more rapidly. Conclusions Based on the above results, this study proposes a scheme for selecting the optimal reservoirs and production recommendations for commingling production of coal-measure gas reservoirs in the Linxing block. Specifically, commingled fracturing should be preferentially conducted for reservoirs with the minimum horizontal in-situ stress differences of 0‒4 MPa and tensile strength differences exceeding 4.5 MPa between reservoirs and barriers. Furthermore, it is recommended that the injection rates of fracturing fluids should be greater than 4 m3/min to achieve more efficient resource development.

Abstract The expression of TRIM47, a member of the TRIM protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase families, is elevated in various cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, and is linked to poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of TRIM47 in gastric cancer development. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) dataset and analysis of 20 patient samples from our center, TRIM47 was found to be significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and associated with advanced N-stage and poor prognosis. We constructed stable TRIM47 knockdown and overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines. CCK8, EDU, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell tests were used to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The results showed that TRIM47 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, while TRIM47 overexpression promoted these behaviors. These results were further confirmed in vivo. In the mechanism part, we found that TRIM47 interacts with CYLD protein. Moreover, TRIM47 promotes K48-linked ubiquitination, leading to the degradation of CYLD by the proteasome, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and regulating the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated that TRIM47 is involved in the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer through the CYLD/NF-κB pathway.

Abstract To improve our knowledge of the spatio‐temporal correspondence between radar reflectivity and VLF/LF total lightning data, this paper proposes indexes to quantify the horizontal distribution and temporal evolution characteristics between radar composite reflectivity images and total lightning density map, lightning clusters and radar cells with different radar reflectivity thresholds (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 dBZ), respectively. It is found that the number of radar grid cells with radar reflectivity over 30 dBZ is ten times the number of lightning grid cells. At the identification stage, the lightning activity regions in a radar cell account for less than 30% using thresholds of 30, 35 and 40 dBZ, respectively, and the radar cell has more than one lightning cluster, which means that the mesoscale convective systems typically have more than one draft, and drafts are only small part of the convection. The majority of the centroid deviations is less than 10 km, indicating that there are some shifts between electrically active regions and convective regions. Results suggest that VLF/LF total lightning data are consistent with radar data and total lightning data can be used individually on a smaller spatio‐temporal scale than radar data.

Abstract Background This study clarified the synergistic relationship among annual changes to specify the changes in agro-meteorological factors, soil characteristics and peanut growth in saline-alkali land near the estuary of the Yellow River Delta. We aimed to find the key factors affecting peanut production to optimize and regulate peanut planting mode in saline alkali soil. Results The daily average temperature from early May to late September in Lijin and Kenli was above 24 °C, with 470–600 mm of precipitation. The sunshine duration was 7.9 h/day and 7.3 h/day and the accumulated temperature was 3742 °C and 3809 °C, in Lijin and Kenli, respectively. Agro-meteorological conditions were suitable for peanut growth and development with the consistent main developmental period in the two experiment regions. The best sowing period was when the soil temperature stabilized above 18 °C in early May, and the best harvest was in mid-September. The soil volumetric water content in Lijin concentrated among 25–40%. Salt was mainly distributed in the 40–60 cm soil layers, and increased rapidly to 2.5 g kg− 1 in 0–20 cm cultivation layer in mid-May due to lack of precipitation. In Kenli experiment region, the soil volumetric water content ranged from 10 to 35%. Soil salinity was mainly distributed in the 20 cm soil layer, and the changes in salinity was little affected by precipitation. From mid-July to mid-August, the effective accumulated temperature of 5 cm soil layer was above 520 °C in both regions, which could ensure the normal pod development. The slow dynamic growth of kernel, high unfilled pod rate (26.99%) and low shelling rate (66.0%) might be the main reasons for low peanut yield in Lijin. Conclusion Soil salinity was the main factor affecting pod development and yield. It was also a key point in optimizing the peanut planting mode in the saline alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.

Background Immunosuppressive phenotype compromised immunotherapy efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor cells intrinsic mitochondria dynamics could pass effects on the extracellular microenvironment through mtDNA stress. PGAM5 anchors at mitochondria and regulates mitochondria functions. We aim to explore whether the regulation of tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 on mitochondria affects tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment and whether tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 can be a therapeutic target to enhance the immunotherapy efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods We analyzed the correlation of PGAM5 expression and immune cells infiltration using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) data sets based on cibersort algorithm and tumor-tissue arrays from two independent cohorts. To further validate our findings, we established subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse HCC models with tumor-intrinsic Pgam5 deficiency and analyzed tumor-infiltrating immune cells by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. Mechanistically, we established an in vitro co-culture system and analyzed proteomics data to find out the bridge between tumor cell PGAM5 and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the microenvironment. Immunofluorescence, chromatin-immunoprecipitation, ELISA, mass spectrometry were conducted to explore the molecular pathway. Macrophages were depleted to investigate whether the effects of tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 on TAMs could affect immunotherapy efficacy in HCC orthotopic and subcutaneous mouse models.Results PGAM5 expression in tumor was positively correlated with M2-phenotype TAM infiltration in patients with both HCC and mouse HCC tumor models. High tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 expression promoting M2 TAMs infiltration correlated with poor clinical-pathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with HCC. Disruption of tumor-intrinsic Pgam5 reduced TAM M2 polarization and inhibited HCC tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, in HCC cells PGAM5 deficiency inhibited mitochondria fission by promoting TRIM28 binding with DRP1, which increased ubiquitination and degradation of DRP1. Tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 deficiency mediated mitochondria fusion and reduced cytosolic mtDNA stress which attenuated TLR9 activation and downstream NF-κB-regulated CCL2 secretion. Furthermore, disruption of tumor-intrinsic Pgam5 significantly facilitated CD8+ T cells activation and improved anti-programmed cell death protein-1 therapeutic efficacy with macrophages depletion compromising synergistic antitumor immune response.Conclusion Our results shed light on the effect of tumor mitochondria dynamics on TAMs in tumor microenvironment. Tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 can be a therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy efficacy in patients with HCC.

Jixian seismic station is the only bedrock outcrop in the Tianjin area, with two sets of VP broadband inclinometers installed in Xinshan cave and Xiaoxinzhuang cave respectively. Through comparative analysis of the intrinsic quality, co-seismic response, environmental impact, and instrument maintenance of two sets of VP broadband inclinometers at Jixian station, the following conclusions are drawn. Taking 2023 as an example, the continuity and completeness of the VP broadband inclinometer in Xiaoxinzhuang cave at Jixian station were high, but the completeness of the VP broadband inclinometer in Xinshan cave was relatively low due to human interference and instrument maintenance. The tidal factor stability of both instruments is good, but due to pendulum system failure, the NS accuracy of the Xinshandong cave VP broadband inclinometer is relatively poor. By comparing from 2018 to 2023, the VP broadband inclinometer in Xiaoxinzhuang cave had a clear annual variation pattern, while the VP broadband inclinometer in Xinshan cave had an inconspicuous annual variation pattern, which may be related to the relatively fragmented geological conditions of the regional structure in Xinshan cave. Natural environmental changes such as heavy rainfall and strong winds can have a certain impact on the observation of the two sets of instruments. The Xinshan cave is significantly affected by the pumping around the station. VP broadband inclinometers have a strong ability to record earthquakes, and can clearly record periodic surface waves of several seconds to tens of seconds for far-field earthquakes. For near-field strong earthquakes, they can clearly record the initial arrival of P-waves, but subsequent seismic phase identification is more difficult. A maintenance process was summarized to provide reference for the operation and maintenance of similar instruments, in response to the occasional sudden jumping errors in the EW direction of the Xinshan cave VP broadband inclinometer.

Abstract Integrated geophysical technology is a necessary and effective means for geothermal exploration. However, integration of geophysical technology for large‐scale surveys with those for geothermal reservoir localization is still in development. This study used the controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric method technology for large‐scale exploration to obtain underground electrical structure information and micromotion detection technology to obtain underground wave velocity structure information. The combination of two detection technologies was used for local identification of geothermal reservoirs. Further, auxiliary correction and inversion constraint were implemented through the audio magnetotelluric sounding technology for maximum authenticity restoration of the near‐ and transition‐field data. Through these technology improvements, a geothermal geological model was established for the Binhai County of Jiangsu Province in China and potential geothermal well locations were identified. On this basis, a geothermal well was drilled nearly 3000 m deep, with a daily water volume of over 2000 m3/day and a geothermal water temperature of 51°C at the well head. It is found that predictions using the above integrated geophysical exploration technology are in good agreement with the well geological formation data. This integrated geophysical technology can be effectively applied for geothermal exploration with high precision and reliability.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with plant roots, providing nutritional benefits and promoting plant growth and defenses against various stresses. Metabolic changes in the roots during AM fungal colonization are key to understanding the development and maintenance of these symbioses. Here, we investigated metabolic changes in the roots of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants during the colonization and development of AM symbiosis, and compared them to uncolonized roots. The primary changes during the initial stage of AM colonization were in the contents and compositions of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid compounds. These compounds function in signaling pathways that regulate recognition, interactions, and pre-colonization between roots and AM fungi. Flavonoid compounds decreased by 25% when the symbiosis was fully established compared to the initial colonization stage. After AM symbiosis was established, general metabolism strongly shifted toward the formation of lipids, amino acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. Lipid compounds increased by 8.5% from the pre-symbiotic stage to well-established symbiosis. Lyso-phosphatidylcholines, which are signaling compounds, were only present in AM roots, and decreased in content after the symbiosis was established. In the initial stage of AM establishment, the content of salicylic acid increased two-fold, whereas jasmonic acid and abscisic acid decreased compared to uncolonized roots. The jasmonic acid content decreased in roots after the symbiosis was well established. AM symbiosis was associated with high levels of calcium, magnesium, and D-(+)-mannose, which stimulated seedling growth. Overall, specific metabolites that favor the establishment of AM symbiosis were common in the roots, primarily during early colonization, whereas general metabolism was strongly altered when AM symbiosis was well-established. In conclusion, specialized metabolites function as signaling compounds to establish AM symbiosis. These compounds are no longer produced after the symbiosis between the roots and AM becomes fully established.

Abstract While second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging is a promising tool for real-time surveillance of surgical operations, the previously reported organic NIR-II luminescent materials for in vivo imaging are predominantly activated by expensive lasers or X-ray with high power and poor illumination homogeneity, which significantly limits their clinical applications. Here we report a white-light activatable NIR-II organic imaging agent by taking advantages of the strong intramolecular/intermolecular D-A interactions of conjugated Y6CT molecules in nanoparticles (Y6CT-NPs), with the brightness of as high as 13315.1, which is over two times that of the brightest laser-activated NIR-II organic contrast agents reported thus far. Upon white-light activation, Y6CT-NPs can achieve not only in vivo imaging of hepatic ischemia reperfusion, but also real-time monitoring of kidney transplantation surgery. During the surgery, identification of the renal vasculature, post-reconstruction assessment of renal allograft vascular integrity, and blood supply analysis of the ureter can be vividly depicted by using Y6CT-NPs with high signal-to-noise ratios upon clinical laparoscopic LED white-light activation. Our work provides efficient molecular design guidelines towards white-light activatable imaging agent and highlights an opportunity for precision imaging theranostics.

Background: Capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, is extensively utilized for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Nevertheless, there exist limitations in comprehending adverse reactions (AEs) in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the distribution of AEs associated with capecitabine and explored potential rare adverse reactions by mining the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Objectives: Our research aimed to explore the spectrum of AEs associated with capecitabine, including both documented and potential events, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the drug’s safety profile and guide clinical practice. At the same time, it provides a new direction for further research on AEs associated with capecitabine in the future. Design: We collected capecitabine-related adverse reactions from the FAERS and standardized the classification of AEs using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 26.0. Four statistical schemes were used to analyze the obtained standardized signals. Methods: We collected AEs reported for capecitabine from the FAERS between 2004 and 2023. To ensure standardized data, the collected reports related to capecitabine-associated adverse events were categorized using the preferred terms (PTs) and system organ classes (SOCs) classifications provided by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 26.0. Statistical analysis involved the utilization of reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker. Four statistical schemes were employed to analyze the adverse reactions associated with capecitabine. A positive signal was considered when all four schemes indicated an association with the adverse event. Results: We collected a total of 45,011 AEs associated with the use of capecitabine from the database, covering 27 SOCs from 2004 to 2023. The nine SOC categories with the highest number of events were identified, which include gastrointestinal disorders; general disorders and administration site conditions; skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders; nervous system disorders; investigations, injury, poisoning, and procedural complications; blood and lymphatic system disorders; metabolism and nutrition disorders; infections and infestations; and neoplasms benign, malignant, and unspecified (including cysts and polyps). Among these 27 SOCs, we identified seven SOCs that met the signal value criteria. Notably, we discovered AEs not mentioned in the instructions, including intestinal obstruction in gastrointestinal disorders, penetrating aortic ulcer in cardiac disorders, and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in hepatobiliary disorders, all of which exhibited signals. Furthermore, 40.1% of AEs associated with the use of capecitabine occurred within the first 30 days. Conclusion: Our study conducted a comprehensive analysis of capecitabine’s AEs using the FAERS database. We identified previously unreported AEs, mitigating the risk for patients and ensuring safe drug administration.

BackgroundGlucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) plays an important role in the prognosis of various tumors. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of GLR in solid tumors through the meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search of eligible studies was performed by scrutinizing the Pubmed, Embase and Web of science databases until May 30, 2024. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS).ResultsA total of 22 studies from 14 articles involving 9472 patients were included in the study. The pooled analysis showed that cancer patients with high GLR was significantly associated with unfavorable OS (HR:1.48,95% CI:1.34-1.63) and DFS/RFS (HR:2.20,95% CI:1.66-2.92). Subgroup analysis further showed that high GLR had better predictive value in liver cancer (HR:2.66, 95%CI:1.80-3.93), breast cancer (HR:2.13, 95%CI:1.10-4.13) and pancreatic cancer (HR:1.92, 95%CI:1.30-2.84).ConclusionsGLR can be used as an effective prognostic marker in patients with solid tumors.

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are significant agricultural pests that cause substantial crop losses globally. This study investigated the abundance and distribution of PPNs concerning elevation in rice fields in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Nematodes were sampled across elevation gradients between 0 to over 1000 meters above sea level (masl). Pratylenchus, Aphelenchoides, and Longidorus, were found in the soil and rice roots in Malang District. Pratylenchus dominated the relative abundance of PPNs in the soil at 0–400 masl, whereas Longidorus dominated at 600 to > 1000 masl. In rice root samples, Pratylenchus sp. also dominated at 0–400 masl and Longidorus was dominated at 800-100 masl. The population density of Pratylenchus negatively correlated to elevation, pH, soil organic matter, and carbon organic. However, soil temperature positively correlated with the population density of Pratylenchus. Elevation and pH showed a negative influence on the population density of Aphelenchoides, whereas soil temperature showed a positive influence on the population density of Aphelenchoides. Soil temperature negatively correlated to the population density of Longidorus, whereas elevation and soil humidity positively influenced the population density of Longidorus. However, the population density of Longidorus increased with higher elevation and soil humidity. Understanding the specific relationships between PPN populations and environmental factors is essential for developing effective pest management strategies. Targeted approaches that consider these ecological dynamics can help mitigate crop damage and enhance rice production in varying environmental conditions, especially in the Java region.

This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (DBSFLM) on growth, non-specific immunity, antioxidative capacity, intestinal histology and microbiota of juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). A control diet was designed to contain 200 g/kg FM (Con), then 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of dietary FM was replaced by DBSFLM, referring to DBSFLM25, DBSFLM50, DBSFLM75 and DBSFLM100, respectively. The five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were fed to crab (7.15 ± 0.10 g) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival of DBSFLM25 and DBSFLM50 groups all reached the same level as Con (P > 0.05). The proper DBSFLM replacement on WG and FCR from broken line model were 49.70 % and 52.90 %, respectively. For immune enzyme activity, ACP, ALP, and LZM activities showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, the DBSFLM50 group had the highest activity, and the DBSFLM100 group was significantly lower than the DBSFLM50 group (P < 0.05). In terms of antioxidant capacity, the T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px activities and MDA content of DBSFLM25 DBSFLM50 and DBSFLM75 groups all shows no significant difference with Con (P > 0.05), the DBSFLM100 group has the lowest antioxidant enzyme activities and highest MDA content. The intestinal number of folds and folds height in DBSFLM25 and DBSFLM50 groups reached the same level as Con (P > 0.05). The abundance of intestinal harmful bacteria Vibrio was enhanced with the increase of dietary DBSFLM level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the recommended level of replacing FM with DBSFLM was at 50 % (100 g/kg) without negative effect on growth, non-specific immunity, antioxidative capacity, intestinal histology and microbiota of Chinese mitten crab.

Objective The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase ( MBD4 ) Glu346Lys polymorphism and cancer risk. Methods A comprehensive document retrieval from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), EMBASE, and PubMed databases was performed through 1 September 2019. The strength of the correlation was assessed using the pooled odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results Five relevant studies were retrieved following screening, including 1804 cases and 2193 controls. We found no association between MBD4 Glu346Lys polymorphism and cancer risk under all genetic models. Nevertheless, a subgroup analysis based on country showed a strong association in the Chinese population. Under the recessive model, Chinese individuals with the Lys/Lys genotype had a higher risk of cancer (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11–1.70). Conclusion Analysis of the MBD4 Glu346Lys polymorphism in different populations will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of cancer. The polymorphism can be utilized as a biomarker for cancer susceptibility among Chinese people.

Abstract Background Postpartum depression is a complex mental health condition that often occurs after childbirth and is characterized by persistent sadness, anxiety, and fatigue. Recent research suggests a metabolic component to the disorder. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between blood metabolites and postpartum depression using mendelian randomization (MR). Methods This study used a bi-directional MR framework to investigate the causal relationship between 1,400 metabolic biomarkers and postpartum depression. We used two specific genome-wide association studies datasets: one with single nucleotide polymorphisms data from mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression and another with blood metabolite data, both of which focused on people of European ancestry. Genetic variants were chosen as instrumental variables from both datasets using strict criteria to improve the robustness of the MR analysis. The combination of these datasets enabled a thorough examination of genetic influences on metabolic profiles associated with postpartum depression. Statistical analyses were conducted using techniques such as inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and model-based estimation, which enabled rigorous causal inference from the observed associations. postpartum depression was defined using endpoint definitions approved by the FinnGen study’s clinical expert groups, which included leading experts in their respective medical fields. Results The MR analysis identified seven metabolites that could be linked to postpartum depression. Out of these, one metabolite was found to be protective, while six were associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. The results were consistent across multiple MR methods, indicating a significant correlation. Conclusions This study emphasizes the potential of metabolomics for understanding postpartum depression. The discovery of specific metabolites associated with the condition sheds new insights on its pathophysiology and opens up possibilities for future research into targeted treatment strategies.

Shale oil and gas resources mainly exist in the pore and fracture system. Quantitative characterization of pore development characteristics and gas-bearing properties is crucial for shale reservoir evaluation. The pore development of shale reservoir exhibits strong complexity and heterogeneity, and research on pore development characteristics of coal measure shale lags behind that of marine shale reservoir. Hence, it is urgent to investigate the pore heterogeneity characteristics of coal-bearing shale and its influence on gas bearing properties. Therefore, the coal-bearing Cretaceous Nenjiang shales from the Songyuan area of the Songliao Basin were selected as the research object in this study. Through total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, X-ray diffraction experiments, porosity analysis, nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments, and methane isothermal adsorption experiments, the characteristics of pore structure, heterogeneity, and gas bearing properties of coal-bearing shale were analyzed. The influence of rock and mineral components on pore structure and heterogeneity characteristics, the relationship between pore structure characteristics and fractal characteristics, and the effects of pore structure and heterogeneity on gas bearing properties were also discussed. The results show that: (1) The organic matter abundance of the shale in the Nenjiang Formation does not change significantly (the average TOC content is 2.38%). Ink bottle-shaped pores are mostly developed, and the Nenjiang shale is rich in clay minerals (average content 55.6%), with slit-shaped pores mostly developed. The pore surface of shale exhibits obvious fractal characteristics, with average fractal dimensions D1 and D2 of 2.54 and 2.74, respectively, indicating that the internal structure is more complex than the surface structure. (2) The enrichment of organic carbon increases the specific surface area by affecting the development of micropores and pores, consequently increasing the fractal dimension of pores. Similarly, the development of clay minerals increases the number of mesopores and macropores, thereby increasing the fractal dimension of pores. (3) Small pores develop larger specific surface areas, which increases the complexity and heterogeneity of the pore structure. This promotes remarkable fractal characteristics, expands the adsorption sites, and improves the adsorption capacity. This work will provide a scientific theoretical basis for the comprehensive evaluation of coal-bearing shale reservoirs and research on shale gas reservoir formation theory.

This study investigated the effect of magnesium application on peanut growth and yield under two nitrogen (N) application rates in acidic soil in southern China. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of the N-sensitive cultivar decreased under reduced N treatments, whereas no effect was observed on the relevant indicators in the N-insensitive variety GH1026. Mg application increased the net photosynthetic rate by increasing the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and Rubisco activity in the leaves during the pegging stage under 50%N treatment, while no effect on the net photosynthetic rate was observed under the 100%N treatment. The rate of dry matter accumulation at the early growth stage, total dry matter accumulation and pod yield at harvest increased after Mg application under 50%N treatment by increasing the transportation of assimilates from stems and leaves to pods in both peanut varieties, whereas no effect was found under 100%N treatment. Moreover, Mg application increased the NUE under 50%N treatment. No improvement of NUE in either peanut variety was found under 100%N treatment, while Mg application under the 50%N treatment can obtain a higher economic benefit than the 100%N treatment. In acidic soil, application of 307.5 kg ha−1 of Mg sulfate fertilizer under 50% reduced nitrogen application is a suitable fertilizer management measure for improving carbon assimilation, NUE and achieve high peanut yields in southern China.

Abstract High-voltage transmission lines are susceptible targets for lightning strikes. It is an interesting topic how the trip event of transmission line is related to the area, location, and intensity of thunderstorms occurring at that time and that place. Based on total lightning observation containing intra-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning, and transmission line trip information from relaying system of power system, 8 thunderstorms associated with the lightning strike trip of local transmission lines were selected in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Analysis was conducted on the total lightning activity of each thunderstorm process, including the characteristics of total lightning counts and density, followed by the variations in total lightning activity before and after lightning strike trips. Further, our investigation encompassed the spatial and temporal evolution, charge structure, and kinematic parameters of thunderstorms. It was revealed that almost all lightning trips in this area emerged in close proximity to bodies of water, accompanied by a discernible reduction in thunderstorm cloud altitude during line trip occurrences. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of total lightning and thunderstorm activity behavior, thereby providing valuable insights for lightning disaster prevention and mitigation in the meteorological bureau and power system.

Abstract Temperature’s influence on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks is a crucial concern for the rational design of deep rock engineering structures and the assurance of their long-term stability. To systematically comprehend the impact of the evolution of mineral composition and micro characteristics on the physical and mechanical behavior of thermally damaged granite, we observed the microscopic structural defects inside the rocks with a polarizing microscope and revealed the thermal damage mechanism of granite from a microscopic perspective by combining ultrasound detection and XRD phase characteristic analysis. The results show that the physical properties of the specimens changed significantly at three characteristic temperature points: 400 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. Under high temperature conditions, the diffraction intensity of all minerals in granite, except for quartz, generally decreased, and stable minerals decomposed. Albite and potash feldspar decomposed to form anorthoclase, thereby reducing the structural stability of the rock material. In addition, the peak width of various minerals decreased to varying degrees with increasing temperature. The increase in mineral volume further damaged the internal structure of the rock material while promoting the transformation from grain boundary to intergranular cracks and from intragranular cracks to transgranular cracks, ultimately forming a interconnected crack network. Thermal damage significantly reduced the longitudinal wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the specimens, while the stress–strain curve relationship indicated that the specimens underwent two opposite processes of transformation from brittleness to ductility and then from ductility to brittleness. The thermal damage threshold of granite in this study was 600 °C.

Abstract In the current solution for multiwavelength achromatic flat lenses, a one-to-one correspondence exists between the number of writing phase distributions and the number of achromatic wavelengths. Breaking this correspondence requires a complex phase design and parameter optimization. Here, we show that a dual-layer cascade liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry lens (CLCPBL) with two writing phase distributions and a specific coupled phase distribution between the layers can achieve three wavelength achromaticity without any parameter optimization process. Similarly, in a three-layer cascade, the number of achromatic wavelengths increases to seven through the permutations of the layers, with adjustable amplitude factors. We fabricate a three-layer CLCPBL with the design wavelengths of 396.8 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm, which theoretically allows the light at 632.8, 532.8, 3383 and 450 nm to form a common focus, and test such structure. Our CLCPBL enables a wider range of applications than conventional achromatic flat lenses.

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) showcases geocarpic behavior, transitioning from aerial flowering to subterranean seed development. We recently obtained an atavistic variant of this species, capable of producing aerial and subterranean pods on a single plant. Notably, although these pod types share similar vigor levels, they exhibit distinct differences in their physical aspects, such as pod size, color, and shell thickness. We constructed 63 RNA-sequencing datasets, comprising three biological replicates for each of 21 distinct tissues spanning six developmental stages for both pod types, providing a rich tapestry of the pod development process. This comprehensive analysis yielded an impressive 409.36 Gb of clean bases, facilitating the detection of 42,401 expressed genes. By comparing the transcriptomic data of the aerial and subterranean pods, we identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), highlighting their distinct developmental pathways. By providing a detailed workflow from the initial sampling to the final DEGs, this study serves as an important resource, paving the way for future research into peanut pod development and aiding transcriptome-based expression profiling and candidate gene identification.

A physically and chemically cross-linked Al3+-CS/PAM-MBA dual-network gel with enhanced fire-suppression performance was prepared using chitosan (CS), acrylamide (AM), and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as base materials. The first network was formed through the covalent cross-linking of polyacrylamide (PAM) with MBA, while the second network was established by crosslinking CS molecules with Al3+ ions. The optimal gel ratio was determined by evaluating its formation time and viscosity. The fire prevention and extinguishing performance of the gel was assessed through thermal stability analysis, temperature-programmed studies, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and fire-extinguishing experiments. The results indicated that the Al3+-CS/PAM-MBA dual-network gel exhibited excellent thermal stability and a strong self-ignition inhibition effect, effectively suppressing coal spontaneous combustion and oxidation. The gel achieved this by chemically inactivating coal molecules, disrupting the functional groups closely associated with coal–oxygen reactions and thereby hindering these reactions. Fire-extinguishing tests demonstrated that the gel restrained coal from spontaneous combustion. Upon application, the gel rapidly reduced the coal temperature, making re-ignition less likely.

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) detected a new X-ray transient on 2022 November 7, identified as a superflare event occurring on a nearby K-type giant star HD 251108. The flux increase was also detected in follow-up observations at X-ray, UV, and optical wavelengths. The flare lasted for about 40 days in soft X-ray observations, reaching a peak luminosity of ∼1.1 × 10 ^34 erg s ^−1 in 0.5–4.0 keV, which is roughly 60 times the quiescent luminosity. Optical brightening was observed for only one night. The X-ray light curve is well described by a double fast rise and exponential decay model, attributed to the cooling process of a loop arcade structure formed subsequent to the initial large loop with a half-length of ∼1.9 × 10 ^12 cm. Time-resolved X-ray spectra were fitted by a four-temperature apec model (with three components being the quiescent background), showing significant evolution of plasma temperature and emission measure over time. The estimated energy released in the LEIA band is ∼3 × 10 ^39 erg, suggesting that this is likely the most energetic X-ray stellar flare with the longest duration detected to date.

The Chazangcuo copper-lead-zinc deposit (hereafter referred to as the Chazangcuo deposit) is situated in the northern portion of the western section of the Gangdese polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet, with ore bodies strictly governed by Linzizong Group magmatic rocks and EW-trending faults. This study aims to ascertain the mineralization periods, sources of ore-forming materials, metallogenic physicochemical conditions, and genesis of this deposit. Based on comprehensive field geological surveys, sampling, and microscopic examination of petrological and mineralogical characteristics, we perform qualitative and quantitative geochemical analyses of major elements, trace elements, and rare earth elements (REEs), fluid inclusions, and sulfur and lead isotopes. The findings reveal that the mineralization process of the Chazangcuo deposit can be divided into three periods and four stages: the magmatic-hydrothermal, hydrothermal, and supergene mineralization periods sequentially, which consist of the mineralization stages of quartz-pyrite-sphalerite, medium-low-temperature hydrothermal sulfides, chlorite-carbonate minerals, and supergene oxidation in a chronological order. The ore-forming fluids prove to be medium-low-temperature low-density fluids, and the ore-forming materials are characteristic of upper crustal-derived materials. The ore-forming environment is a medium-low mineralization temperature, a shallow and weakly reducing environment. Overall, the Chazangcuo deposit is identified as a medium-low-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. The metallogenic model has the vertical zoning characteristics of lead-zinc in the upper part and copper in the lower part.

Abstract Exploring the molecular packing and interaction between chiral molecules, no matter single enantiomer or racemates, is important for recognition and resolution of chiral drugs. However, sensitive and non‐destructive analysis methods are lacking. Herein, an intermolecular‐charge transfer (ICT) based spectroscopy is reported to reveal the differences in interaction between the achiral acceptor 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) and the chiral donors, including S, R, and racemic naproxen (S/R/rac‐NAP). In this process, S‐NAP+TCNB and R‐NAP+TCNB display a narrower band gap attributed to the newly formed ICT state. In contrast, the mixed rac‐NAP and TCNB exhibit almost no significant change due to the strong affinity between the stereoisomers according to the Wallach's rule. Thus, S/R‐NAP can be easily distinguished from rac‐NAP based on significantly different optical behavior. The single crystal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation of naproxen confirm the importance of carboxyl for this differentiation in molecular packing and interaction. In addition, the esterification derivatization of naproxen achieves the manipulation of the intermolecular interaction model of racemates from the absolute Wallach's rule to a coexisting form of Wallach's rule and ICT. Further, visualized chiral purification of naproxen by the simple cocrystallization method is achieved through the collaboration of ICT and Wallach's rule.

Terrain displacement due to the seasonal thaw of the active layer above permafrost can be sensitive to climate change; however, its accurate characterization remains a challenge. This study aimed to improve the measurement of the subsidence or vertical ground surface displacement using differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR). Existing methods for reliable phase unwrapping are hindered by the decorrelation between time-series of SAR acquisitions that can result due to the heterogeneity and structural sensitivity of permafrost landscapes to external conditions. In this study, an advanced phase unwrapping method was proposed, in which three types of regions, namely non-residue, sparse residue, and dense residue objects, were obtained from wrapped interferogram and residue map using a segmentation method. Two variants of Polynomial-Based Region Growing Phase Unwrapping (PBRGPU) were developed, which are sparse-residue Object-based PBRGPU(SOP) and dense-residue Object-based PBRGPU(DOP). The results demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed the existing phase unwrapping methods by partially suppressing the decorrelation phase and enhancing robustness for complex terrain deformation in the absence of measured field data. Both the PBRGPU variants and segmentation strategies compose the object-based unwrapping method for permafrost, and also provide a new framework by combining the segmentations and scenarios for phase unwrapping for permafrost regions.

Abstract Background Strontium (Sr) has similar physicochemical properties as calcium (Ca) and is often used to evaluate the absorption of this mineral. Because the major route of Ca absorption in the bovine occurs in the rumen, it is essential to understand whether Sr impacts the ruminal epithelial cells and to what extent. Results In the present study, RNA sequencing and assembled transcriptome assembly were used to identify transcription factors (TFs), screening and bioinformatics analysis in bovine ruminal epithelial cells treated with Sr. A total of 1405 TFs were identified and classified into 64 families based on an alignment of conserved domains. A total of 174 differently expressed TFs (DE-TFs) were increased and 52 DE-TFs were decreased; the biological process-epithelial cell differentiation was inhibited according to the GSEA-GO analysis of TFs; The GO analysis of DE-TFs was enriched in the DNA binding. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) found 12 hubs, including SMAD4, SMAD2, SMAD3, SP1, GATA2, NR3C1, PPARG, FOXO1, MEF2A, NCOA2, LEF1, and ETS1, which verified genes expression levels by real-time PCR. Conclusions In this study, SMAD2, PPARG, LEF1, ETS1, GATA2, MEF2A, and NCOA2 are potential candidates that could be targeted by Sr to mediate cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as lipid metabolism. Hence, these results enhance the comprehension of Sr in the regulation of transcription factors and provide new insight into the study of Sr biological function in ruminant animals.

Abstract As the wind turbine height increases, the probability of multiple upward leaders flashes within the wind farm increases. In this study, an upward lightning flash containing 21 upward positive leaders (UPLs) initiated from different wind turbines in Zhangbei Wind Farm was analysed. The average speed of the UPLs was 1.2 × 105 m/s, which mostly decreased to zero before reaching the cloud height. Only four UPLs developed to cloud height, with prolonged periods of bright light on three of them and with a minimum duration of 126 ms. A total of nine return strokes occurred on the other two dissipated leader channels, and the numbers of strokes on the two channels was six and three, respectively. The average interstroke interval for the return strokes was 10.5 ms. Most of these nine return strokes had peak currents smaller than 10 kA. The high‐speed video frames confirmed that competition does exist between the UPLs, and the range of shielding effects increases as the height of the ULs increases. The effect of fan rotation on the initiation of upward leaders and the shielding effect between the wind turbines and upward leaders are discussed.

Abstract Deep shale reservoirs (3500–4500 m) exhibit significantly different stress states than moderately deep shale reservoirs (2000–3500 m). As a result, the brittleness response mechanisms of deep shales are also different. It is urgent to investigate methods to evaluate the brittleness of deep shales to meet the increasingly urgent needs of deep shale gas development. In this paper, the quotient of Young’s modulus divided by Poisson’s ratio based on triaxial compression tests under in situ stress conditions is taken as SSBV (Static Standard Brittleness Value). A new and pragmatic technique is developed to determine the static brittleness index that considers elastic parameters, the mineral content, and the in situ stress conditions (BIEMS). The coefficient of determination between BIEMS and SSBV reaches 0.555 for experimental data and 0.805 for field data. This coefficient is higher than that of other brittleness indices when compared to SSBV. BIEMS can offer detailed insights into shale brittleness under various conditions, including different mineral compositions, depths, and stress states. This technique can provide a solid data-based foundation for the selection of ‘sweet spots’ for single-well engineering and the comparison of the brittleness of shale gas production layers in different areas.

The optimization of the desired autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) trajectory modeling and AUV trajectory tracking control in the benthonic hydrothermal area were studied. In the conventional trajectory tracking model construction methods, the time points were roughly combined with the position points of the planned path, making it difficult to produce a smooth trajectory. Although the spline interpolation method was an ideal option for smooth curves, a great number of points were needed for a complex desired trajectory mode. In response to the demanding requirements of AUV trajectory tracking control in the benthonic hydrothermal area, an under-actuated test platform was first established, and the cubic spline interpolation was adopted to process the preset path points for a smooth desired trajectory. An improved slime mold algorithm (SMA) was put forward to optimize the interpolating points used in the trajectory modeling. The Levy flight technology and the compactness technique to speed up the search process and increase the search accuracy. The simulation experiments were conducted in comparison with the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the compact cuckoo search (CCS). The results showed that the improved SMA shortened the search process, effectively avoided the local extreme values, and generated a high-precision desired trajectory model in a shorter time. The pool test also verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The method proposed in this study can satisfy the modeling of benthonic hydrothermal trajectory with a fewer number of nodes, faster search progress and search accuracy.

Abstract Background The intricate interplay of gene expression within ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the miRNA regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis during the process of follicle development in lamb GCs. Methods Employing transcriptome sequencing, we compared differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in GCs from lambs treated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FL) to untreated controls (CL). We further screened differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes and identified potential miRNA regulatory factors. The expression patterns of HMOX1 and miRNAs in GCs were validated using qRT‒PCR and Western blotting. Additionally, we investigated the regulatory effect of oar-miR-134-3p on HMOX1 and its function in ferroptosis through cell transfection and erastin treatment. Results We identified a total of 4,184 DE-mRNAs and 304 DE-miRNAs. The DE-mRNAs were mainly enriched in ferroptosis, insulin resistance, and the cell cycle. Specifically, we focused on the differential expression of ferroptosis-related genes. Notably, the ferroptosis-related genes HMOX1 and SLC3A2, modulated by DE-miRNAs, were markedly suppressed in FLs. Experimental validation revealed that HMOX1 was significantly downregulated in FL and large follicles, while oar-miR-134-3p was significantly upregulated compared to that in the CLs. HMOX1 expression was regulated by the targeting effect of oar-miR-134-3p. Functional assays further revealed that modulation of oar-miR-134-3p influenced HMOX1 expression and altered cellular responses to ferroptosis induction by erastin. Conclusion This study suggested that oar-miR-134-3p and HMOX1 may be one of the pathways regulating ferroptosis in GCs. This finding provides new clues to understanding the development and regulatory process of follicles.

This study aims to exploit multisource remotely sensed data to improve land cover classification of an area dominated by extensive wetlands with surface cover complexity strongly shaped by permafrost, fine-scale geomorphological and topographic characteristics. Accurate and precise mapping tools are critically needed to track change in wetland ecosystems under climate change. Wetland classification is challenging due to its high intraclass and low interclass variations in remote sensing features. Furthermore, the distribution and seasonal thaw patterns in permafrost influence vegetation cover at broad and fine scales within the study area of Hudson Bay Lowland, Canada, creating further complexity in classification. A systematic analysis was performed to evaluate the contribution of various remote sensing features (e.g., spectral, temporal, and structural features) and to determine vital datasets for effective monitoring of subarctic wetland-dominated ecosystems. Prediction uncertainty was comprehensively studied and reported together with classification accuracy. A decision-level fusion method based on the Dempster–Shaffer (DS) theory was developed. Different classes (i.e., focal elements under DS theory) were considered in this classification, using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data separately. The overall accuracy of the classification of 13 wetland classes was 0.952, significantly improved compared with the accuracies obtained by using individual data sources and by using feature-based fusion. Furthermore, the percentage of uncertain pixels is reduced as well.

With the evolution of unconventional oil and gas exploration concepts from source rocks and reservoirs to carrier beds, the inter-layer sandstone carrier bed within marine–continental transitional shale strata has emerged as a significant target for oil and gas exploration. The inter-layer sandstone is closely associated with the source rock and differs from conventional tight sandstone in terms of sedimentary environment, matrix composition, and the characteristics of reservoir microscopic pore development. Preliminary exploration achievements display that the inter-layer sandstone is plentiful in gas content and holds promising prospects for exploration and development. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the gas-rich accumulation theory specific to the inter-layer sandstone reservoir in transitional facies. Pore development characteristics and heterogeneity are crucial aspects of oil and gas accumulation research, as they influence reservoir seepage performance and capacity. This paper employs total organic carbon analysis, X-ray diffraction, rock thin section examination, field emission scanning electron microscopy, physical analysis, high-pressure mercury intrusion analysis, gas adsorption experiments, and fractal theory to explore the reservoir development characteristics of the sandstone samples from the Upper Permian marine–continental transitional facies Longtan Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin. It also attempts to combine high-pressure mercury intrusion analysis and gas adsorption experiments to describe the structural and fractal characteristics of pores at different scales in a segmented manner. The findings reveal that the sandstone type of the Longtan Formation is mainly lithic sandstone. The pore size distribution of the sandstone primarily falls below 30 nm and above 1000 nm, with the main pore types being inter-granular pores and micro-fractures in clay minerals. The pore volume and specific surface area are largely attributed to the micropores and mesopores of clay minerals. The pore morphology is complex, exhibiting strong heterogeneity, predominantly characterized by slit-like and ink bottle-like features. Notably, there are discernible differences in reservoir structural characteristics and homogeneity between muddy sandstone and non-muddy sandstone. The pore morphology is complex, exhibiting strong heterogeneity, predominantly characterized by slit-like and ink bottle-like features. Notably, there are discernible differences in reservoir structural characteristics and homogeneity between muddy sandstone and non-muddy sandstone.

The impact of the torsional component on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of a titanium alloy is examined in this work using a combination of numerical simulation and experimental validation. During the axial closed die rolling (ACDR) forming, the combined effects of compressive and torsional deformation cause a significant increase in the specimen’s cumulative strain. The specimen’s shear strain changes most significantly at the height of H/2. The α-phase has a greater propensity to slip on the conical surface, followed by the cylindrical surface, according to SEM and EBSD analyses. The basal surface has the highest resistance to slip. The formation of a fine isometric α-phase occurs when the compressive component causes the α-phase to become more prone to breakage and fracture. A larger α-phase will form because of the torsional component’s influence, which increases the likelihood that the α-phase will slip and exhibit bending and twisting. With a difference in strength of less than 1 percent and a difference in plasticity between the tangential and radial directions of less than 5 percent, the mechanical properties of the TC11 disks formed by the ACDR show a greater degree of isotropy. The specimens show a tough fracture mode, with radial performance outperforming tangential performance, according to fracture morphology analysis.

This research proposes a novel modeling method for integrating IMU arrays into multi-sensor kinematic positioning/navigation systems. This method characterizes sensor errors (biases/scale factor errors) for each IMU in an IMU array, leveraging the novel Generic Multisensor Integration Strategy (GMIS) and the framework for comprehensive error analysis in Discrete Kalman filtering developed through the authors’ previous research. This work enables the time-varying estimation of all individual sensor errors for an IMU array, as well as rigorous fault detection and exclusion for outlying measurements from all constituent sensors. This research explores the feasibility of applying Variance Component Estimation (VCE) to IMU array data, using separate variance components to characterize the performance of each IMU’s gyroscopes and accelerometers. This analysis is only made possible by directly modeling IMU inertial measurements under the GMIS. A real land-vehicle kinematic dataset was used to demonstrate the proposed technique. The a posteriori positioning/attitude standard deviations were compared between multi-IMU and single IMU solutions, with the multi-IMU solution providing an average accuracy improvement of ca. 14–16% in the estimated position, 30% in the estimated roll and pitch, and 40% in the estimated heading. The results of this research demonstrate that IMUs in an array do not generally exhibit homogeneous behavior, even when using the same model of tactical-grade MEMS IMU. Furthermore, VCE was used to compare the performance of three IMU sensors, which is not possible under other IMU array data fusion techniques. This research lays the groundwork for the future evaluation of IMU array sensor configurations.

In the prediction of single-well production in gas reservoirs, the traditional empirical formula of gas reservoirs generally shows poor accuracy. In the process of machine learning training and prediction, the problems of small data volume and dirty data are often encountered. In order to overcome the above problems, a single-well production prediction model of gas reservoirs based on CNN-BILSTM-AM is proposed. The model is built by long-term and short-term memory neural networks, convolutional neural networks and attention modules. The input of the model includes the production of the previous period and its influencing factors. At the same time, the fitting production and error value of the traditional gas reservoir empirical formula are introduced to predict the future production data. The loss function is used to evaluate the deviation between the predicted data and the real data, and the Bayesian hyperparameter optimization algorithm is used to optimize the model structure and comprehensively improve the generalization ability of the model. Three single wells in the Daniudi D28 well area were selected as the database, and the CNN-BILSTM-AM model was used to predict the single-well production. The results show that compared with the prediction results of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) model and bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (BILSTM) model, the error of the CNN-BILSTM-AM model on the test set of three experimental wells is reduced by 6.2425%, 4.9522% and 3.0750% on average. It shows that on the basis of coupling the empirical formula of traditional gas reservoirs, the CNN-BILSTM-AM model meets the high-precision requirements for the single-well production prediction of gas reservoirs, which is of great significance to guide the efficient development of oil fields and ensure the safety of China’s energy strategy.

​Sinodina Liang & Cai, 1999, a genus of atyid shrimp, is endemic to China and distributed only in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. We describe here the thirteen species of Sinodina, and the first cave-dweller of the genus, Sinodina ashima sp. nov., collected from a limestone cave in Shilin County, Yunnan Province. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by the completely degraded pigment and eyes, the extremely long rostrum, the rostral formula and the absence of sexual dimorphism of the third and fourth pereiopods. A phylogenetic analysis based on four genes (COI, 16S, 18S, H3) shows that the new species strongly clustered with the type species of this genus, Sinodina gregoriana (Kemp, 1923), supporting the generic status of this new species.

From the perspective of regulatory focus theory, the influencing mechanism of pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) in the private domain on behaviors in the public domain were analyzed by revealing the mediating effect of the status quo maintenance and the moderating effect of the prevention focus orientation. The study results show that PEBs in the private domain significantly promote individuals’ PEBs in the public domain. The status quo maintenance partially mediates the relationship between PEBs in the private and public domains. Specifically, individuals with a high-level prevention focus orientation strengthen the relationship between the PEBs in the private domain and the status quo maintenance, and that of the PEBs in the public domain. Therefore, individuals with high-level prevention focus will more likely engage in subsequent PEBs in the public domain after their initial PEBs in the private domain due to their increased status quo maintenance degree. Policymakers and practitioners should pay attention to the prevention-repetition effect and use the PEBs in the private domain to promote those in the public domain.

Abstract Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is attracting attention as one of large‐scale renewable energy storage systems. Its gas storage chamber is one of key components for its success. A successful utilization of an abandoned coalmine roadway depends on the stability of the gas storage chamber. The chamber is a multilayer structure and the redistribution of the stress and displacement in each layer is critical to the chamber stability. So far, this redistribution mechanism under any lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure has been unclear and thus a quick and easy evaluation on the CAES chamber stability becomes difficult. In this study, the redistributions of stress and displacement in each layer are analytically solved based on complex variable function theory. First, the stress and displacement in three CAES multilayer structures are obtained under any lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure. Then, a comprehensive parameter b1 is obtained to describe the redistribution of stress and displacement in rock mass, lining layer, and grout layer. Its linkage with lateral pressure coefficient, internal air pressure, and material properties is analytically expressed. Thirdly, an analytical expression is obtained for the influence range of internal air pressure on chamber stress. Finally, the role and selection of lining and grouting layers are explored at different lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure. It is found that the CAES chamber stability can be effectively and quickly evaluated by these analytical solutions and comprehensive parameters and enhanced by a material with low bulk modulus but high shear modulus.

This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. Contamination of MgO and R2O3 emanating from dolomite and silicate in phosphate ore from Guizhou province has been a problem in phosphate ore processing. This study explored Scrubbing classification- Optoelectronic beneficiation- froth flotation to remove dolomite and silicate away from this phosphate ore. The phosphate minerals could be concentrated to 33.52% P2O5, with a recovery of 95.69%, and the content of MgO reduced to 0.82%, the content of Fe2O3+Al2O3 reduced to 2.84%. Additionally, scrubbing classification and photoelectric beneficiation can obtain qualified concentrate with a yield of 72.88%, which can greatly reduce the amount of ore entering the flotation operation and reduce the beneficiation cost.