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According to the de,sign requirements of a sStraight pipe mouth double sShrink water chamber in the heat-exchange sSysStem, a detailed process plan wa,s propossed to form the part using a thermoplasstic compossite ba,sed on the PA00 matrix and 30 wt% gla,s,s fiber (GF). Thi,s plan included the plastic component characterisStic analy,si,s, sStructural desSign, working principle, and pre-deformation technology of products. The key technologiesS for the desSign of the water chamber and the pre-deformation of products were sStudied. Through multiple verifications, the optimal mathematical model for the nozzle water chamber product wa,s desSigned, and corresponding injection moldsS were developed. The resSearch re-sSultsS indicated that the sStructural desSign of the double sShrink Ke sSlider achieved a sSignificant improvement in the mold space utilization and plastic forming quality. This design makes the mold space more compact and improves the production efficiency. Meanwhile, the optimized sStructure reducesS the molding defects of the plastic parts, ensuring the sStability of product quality. By using the PA00/30 wt% GF composite and mold desSign sScheme, the original metal parts were replaced by the plastic parts, which greatly reduced the processing and material cossts. Such a lightweight design not only reduces; the weight of the entire vehicle, but also improvess the vehicles endurance. ThisS sStudy providess an effective approach for the technological development and engineering practice in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-size chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of the carbon/carbon (C/C) composite thermal insulation tube is a key component for drawing large diameter monocrystalline silicon rods. However, the CVI densification process is complex, and the cost of experiment optimization is extremely high. In this article, a multi-physics coupling simulation model was established and validated based on COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.6 software to simulate the fabrication process of an isothermal CVI process for a Φ1185 mm C/C composite thermal insulation tube. The influence of process parameters on densification was explored, and a method of optimization was proposed. Our modeling results revealed that the deposition status in areas of low densification was effectively and significantly enhanced after process optimization. At the monitoring site, the carbon density was no less than 1.08 × 103 kg·m−3, the average density of the composite-material thermal insulation tube improved by 5.7%, and the densification rate increased by 26.5%. This article effectively simulates the CVI process of large-sized C/C composite thermal insulation tubes, providing an important technical reference scheme for the preparation of large-sized C/C composite thermal insulation tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard ceramic coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of ZM5 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology in silicate and aluminate electrolytes, respectively. The optimization of hard ceramic coatings prepared in these electrolyte systems was investigated through an orthogonal experimental design. The microstructure, elemental composition, phase composition, and tribological properties of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tribological testing equipment. The results show that the growth of the hard ceramic coatings is significantly influenced by the different electrolyte systems. Coatings prepared from both systems have shown good wear resistance, with the aluminate electrolyte system being superior to the silicate system in performance. The optimized formulation for the silicate electrolyte solution has been determined to be sodium silicate at 8 g/L, sodium dihydrogen phosphate at 0.2 g/L, sodium tetraborate at 2 g/L, and potassium hydroxide at 1 g/L. The optimized formulation for the aluminate electrolyte solution consists of sodium aluminate at 5 g/L, sodium fluoride at 3 g/L, sodium citrate at 3 g/L, and sodium hydroxide at 0.5 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of distributed PV systems is often hindered by edge soiling, mainly due to the challenges associated with centralized cleaning. In recent years, half-cell modules have gained popularity over conventional full-cell modules due to their potential for improved performance. However, limited research has been conducted to compare the effects of edge soiling on full-cell and half-cell modules, particularly in various mounting orientations. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of methods that integrate simulation and experimentation to analyze the characteristics of shaded PV modules. This study aims to optimize module selection and mounting orientation to mitigate the impact of edge soiling. Simulated models and experimental setups were developed for both full-cell and half-cell modules in both landscape and portrait orientations. The results reveal that the degree of shading correlates with the ratio of shaded substrings within a module. In addition, module performance can be significantly enhanced by altering the mounting orientation. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that half-cell modules outperform full-cell modules when mounted in the portrait orientation. However, in the landscape orientation, the advantage of half-cell modules diminishes. Remarkably, the choice of mounting orientation is found to be contingent on the severity of edge soiling for half-cell modules. This work significantly contributes to the understanding of shading effects in PV systems and offers practical guidance for optimizing distributed PV systems against edge soiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]