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Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine, which has a similar pharmacological mechanism to ketamine. Esketamine has the advantages of fast onset, fast metabolism, little impact on circulatory and respiratory functions, and strong sedative and analgesic effects. Therefore, esketamine is widely used in multidisciplinary and field areas such as psychiatric disorders, perioperative anesthesia, first aid and critical illness increasingly. This article reviews the pharmacological characteristics, mechanism of action, clinical application status and adverse reactions of esketamine, which aims to provide a reference for application and research.

Fujian province, an important tea-producing area in China, has abundant tea cultivars. To investigate the genetic relationships of tea plant cultivars in Fujian province and the characteristics of the tea plant varieties, a total of 70 tea cultivars from Fujian and other 12 provinces in China were subjected to restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). A total of 60,258,975 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were obtained. These 70 tea plant cultivars were divided into three groups based on analyzing the phylogenetic tree, principal component, and population structure. Selection pressure analysis indicated that nucleotide diversity was high in Southern China and genetically distinct from cultivars of Fujian tea plant cultivars, according to selection pressure analysis. The selected genes have significant enrichment in pathways associated with metabolism, photosynthesis, and respiration. There were ten characteristic volatiles screened by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) coupled with multivariate statistical methods, among which the differences in the contents of methyl salicylate, 3-carene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-4-hexen-1-ol, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde can be used as reference indicators of the geographical distribution of tea plants. Furthermore, a metabolome genome-wide association study (mGWAS) revealed that 438 candidate genes were related to the aroma metabolic pathway. Further analysis showed that 31 genes of all the selected genes were screened and revealed the reasons for the genetic differences in aroma among tea plant cultivars in Fujian and Southern China. These results reveal the genetic diversity in the Fujian tea plants as well as a theoretical basis for the conservation, development, and utilization of the Fujian highly aromatic tea plant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Heiko Johnen [1, 6]; Shu Lin [2, 6]; Tamara Kuffner [1, 6]; David A Brown [1]; Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai [1]; Asne R Bauskin [1]; Liyun Wu [1]; Greg Pankhurst [...]

Remodeling of the chronic severely failing ischemic sheep heart after coronary microembolization: functional, energetic, structural, and cellular responses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286: H2141-H2150, 2004; 10.1152/ajpheart.00829.2003.-The mandatory use of pharmacotherapy in human heart failure (HF) impedes further study of natural history and remodeling mechanisms. We created a sheep model of chronic, severe, ischemic HF [left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) neurohormones; pressure-volume loops; contractile reserve and energy efficiency; collagen and its phenotypes; wail stress and caspases

A series of experiments on CO2 hydrate formation were carried out in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanoparticles. The effects of these nanoparticles on induction time, final gas consumption, and gas storage capacity have been investigated at the temperature of 274.15 K and the initial pressure of 5.0 MPa.g. The induction time of CO2 hydrate formation was remarkably shortened to 12.5 min in the presence of 0.005 wt% MWNTs nanoparticles. The high thermal conductivity and heat capacity of MWNTs nanoparticles presented better heat transfer, and large surface area provided more suitable sites for heterogeneous nucleation of CO2 hydrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]