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The electrical manipulation of magnetization is appealing to the relevant experiment and spintronic device. In this paper, we focus on the electrical and magnetic properties of a thin film cleaved from the nonmagnetic half-Heusler compound CoTiSb. By means of the first-principles calculations, we find that the surface of TiSb termination possesses ferrimagnetism with a magnetic moment of 0.35 (0.49) μB per unit cell without (with) Hubbard U, which can persist below the Curie temperature of 48 (54) K. What is more, such a surface magnetism can be tuned to nonmagnetism by gate-induced hole doping with a concentration of 2.83 × 1014 (3.55 × 1014) cm−2. This magnetic tunability of the CoTiSb slab provides a platform to realize the pseudo-spin valve with both the magnetic electrodes and nonmagnetic space layer made of the same material without hetero-interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two‐dimensional (2D) materials InX (X = O, Se), experimentally available thus far, can become a ferromagnetic half metal under hole doping, though the charge neutral states of them are nonmagnetic semiconductors. Based on such an electronic characteristic, a theoretical model of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is proposed composed only of one of the 2D InX. In doing so, the two semi‐infinite pieces of 2D InX in the half‐metallic state is assumed as the opposite electrodes which are separated by a strip of the same material but in its nonmagnetic state. Owing to the 2D nature of InX, the half metal electrodes of the InX device induced by hole doping can be achieved by using split gating technique. The numerical simulations identify a proper hole doping concentration, at which 100% tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios can be realized, accompanying an appreciable conductance of majority spin electron under parallel magnetization configuration. Under a finite bias voltage, the TMR ratio remains high. Therefore, the proposed device model is an ideal candidate for future spintronics applications. It enables electrical control of TMR and circumvents the detriment of hetero‐interface disorder inevitable in conventional MTJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Redox homeostasis in plant cells is critical for maintaining normal growth and development because reactive oxygen species (ROS) can function as signaling molecules or toxic compounds. However, how plants fine‐tune redox homeostasis during natural or stress‐induced senescence remains unclear. Cut roses (Rosa hybrida), an economically important ornamental product worldwide, often undergo stress‐induced precocious senescence at the post‐harvest bud stage. Here, we identified RhPLATZ9, an age‐ and dehydration‐induced PLATZ (plant AT‐rich sequence and zinc‐binding) protein, and determined that it functions as a transcriptional repressor in rose flowers during senescence. We also showed that RhWRKY33a regulates RhPLATZ9 expression during flower senescence. RhPLATZ9‐silenced flowers and RhWRKY33a‐silenced flowers showed accelerated senescence, with higher ROS contents than the control. By contrast, overexpression of RhWRKY33a or RhPLATZ9 delayed flower senescence, and overexpression in rose calli showed lower ROS accumulation than the control. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that apoplastic NADPH oxidase genes (RhRbohs) were enriched among the upregulated differentially expressed genes in RhPLATZ9‐silenced flowers compared to wild‐type flowers. Yeast one‐hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, dual luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR confirmed that the RhRbohD gene is a direct target of RhPLATZ9. These findings suggest that the RhWRKY33a‐RhPLATZ9‐RhRbohD regulatory module acts as a brake to help maintain ROS homeostasis in petals and thus antagonize age‐ and stress‐induced precocious senescence in rose flowers. Significance Statement: It is significant for ornamental qualities of rose flowers to elucidate how to maintain the redox homeostasis during premature, stress‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated senescence. Here, we identified a brake mechanism of RhWRKY33a‐RhPLATZ9‐RhRbohD module to help maintain ROS homeostasis in petals and thus antagonize age‐ and stress‐induced precocious senescence in rose flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine soybean adaptation to a given region or a wide range of geographic environments. The General Regulatory Factors (GRFs), also known as 14-3-3 family, are involved in protein–protein interactions in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, thus regulating ubiquitous biological processes, such as photoperiodic flowering, plant immunity and stress response. In this study, 20 soybean GmSGF14 genes were identified and divided into two categories according to phylogenetic relationships and structural characteristics. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that GmSGF14g, GmSGF14i, GmSGF14j, GmSGF14k, GmSGF14m and GmSGF14s were highly expressed in all tissues compared to other GmSGF14 genes. In addition, we found that the transcript levels of GmSGF14 family genes in leaves varied significantly under different photoperiodic conditions, indicating that their expression responds to photoperiod. To explore the role of GmSGF14 in the regulation of soybean flowering, the geographical distribution of major haplotypes and their association with flowering time in six environments among 207 soybean germplasms were studied. Haplotype analysis confirmed that the GmSGF14mH4 harboring a frameshift mutation in the 14-3-3 domain was associated with later flowering. Geographical distribution analysis demonstrated that the haplotypes related to early flowering were frequently found in high-latitude regions, while the haplotypes associated with late flowering were mostly distributed in low-latitude regions of China. Taken together, our results reveal that the GmSGF14 family genes play essential roles in photoperiodic flowering and geographical adaptation of soybean, providing theoretical support for further exploring the function of specific genes in this family and varietal improvement for wide adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical results show that gradient descent converges linearly to minimizers of smooth strongly convex functions. A natural question is whether there exists a locally nearly linearly convergent method for nonsmooth functions with quadratic growth. This work designs such a method for a wide class of nonsmooth and nonconvex locally Lipschitz functions, including max-of-smooth, Shapiro’s decomposable class, and generic semialgebraic functions. The algorithm is parameter-free and derives from Goldstein’s conceptual subgradient method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CoFeTiSi compound is an experimentally existing half-metallic ferromagnetic Heusler compound with a Curie temperature higher than room temperature. By replacing the Si atom with Al, we can obtain a narrow bandgap semiconductor CoFeTiAl. The lattice mismatch between CoFeTiSi and CoFeTiAl is very small, which serves as motivation for constructing a CoFeTiSi/CoFeTiAl/CoFeTiSi magnetic tunnel junction. In this junction, CoFeTiSi and CoFeTiAl are used as electrode and barrier layers, respectively. The optimal device structure can be achieved simply by replacing the Si atoms in the barrier region with Al atoms. Through the use of a b i n i t i o atomic thermodynamics, we have found that this device structure is more stable compared to a junction formed by the same two compounds with an alternative interface. Transport calculations reveal that this junction can achieve a high tunneling magnetoresistance ratio at room temperature and exhibit a large transmission coefficient. These characteristics make the CoFeTiSi/CoFeTiAl/CoFeTiSi magnetic tunnel junction an ideal candidate for future spintronic applications. [Display omitted] • An all-Heusler MTJ which can achieve a high TMR at RT is proposed theoretically. • The stable normal atomic order at the interface minimizes the interface disorder. • The MTJ device achieves a high T P ↑ that is easy to detect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auditory deprivation affects normal age-related changes in the central auditory maturation. Cochlear implants (CIs) have already become the best treatment strategy for severe to profound hearing impairment. However, it is still hard to evaluate the speech-language outcomes of the pediatric CI recipients because of hearing-impaired children with limited speech-language abilities. The cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) provides a window into the development of the auditory cortical pathways. This preliminary study is aimed at assessing electrophysical characteristics of P1-N1 of electrically CAEP in children with CIs and at exploring whether these changes could be accounted for in auditory and speech outcomes of these patients. CAEP responses were recorded in 48 children with CIs in response to electrical stimulus to determine the presence of the P1-N1 response. Speech perception and speech intelligibility of the implanted children were further evaluated with the categories of auditory performance (CAP) test and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) test, respectively, to explore the relationship between the latency of P1-N1 and auditory and speech performance. This study found that P1 and N1 of the intracochlear CAEP were reliably evoked in children fitted with CIs and that the latency of the P1 as opposed to that of N1 was negative in relation to the wearing time of the cochlear implant. Moreover, the latency of the P1 produced significantly negative scores in both CAP and SIR tests, which indicates that P1 latency may be reflective of the auditory performance and speech intelligibility of pediatric CI recipients. These results suggest that the latency of P1 could be used for the objective assessment of auditory and speech function evaluation in cochlear-implanted children, which would be helpful in clinical decision-making regarding intervention for young hearing-impaired children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a dual-axis atomic spin comagnetometer for rotation sensing using a single laser beam. A circularly polarized laser is used to pump the co-located atomic ensembles of alkali metal and noble gas and probe their gyroscopic precession at the same time, which is different from the traditional two-beam orthogonal pump-probe configuration. Combined with magnetic field modulations perpendicular to the laser propagating direction, the comagnetometer could measure dual-axis rotation rates simultaneously. This system is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. A rotation sensitivity of 5.1 × 10–7 rad s−1 Hz−1∕2 and a bias instability of 0.016 °/h have been achieved. The theory and method presented here shed light on the way to miniaturize the comagnetometer with high precision for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of power broadening on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) magnetometers. As the laser power increases, the interference between two partially resolved transitions of 87Rb induced by velocity-changing collisions can be exacerbated by power broadening, resulting in a reduction of the rotation rate, and the shift of the optimal laser frequency corresponding to the maximum rotation rate. The theoretical model of NMOR is established using a four-level double Λ scheme, which takes into account power broadening effects, and experimentally studied in a single-beam NMOR magnetometer with a buffer-gas filled cell. The results indicate that the significant enhancement in rotation rate can be achieved by tuning the laser frequency to the optimal detuning based on our model. This study holds considerable importance for the improvement of magnetic field sensitivity in NMOR magnetometers. [Display omitted] • Introducing the power broadening into the four-level double Λ system for modeling NMOR. • Revealing that power broadening exacerbating the interference between two partially resolved transitions. • The dependence of the laser frequency in NMOR on laser power was reported for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkali metal-noble gas comagnetometers operated in the regime of spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) have been widely used in fundamental physics tests and rotation sensing as gyroscope. Spin-exchange relaxation is an important systematic bias of the comagnetometer, which could limit sensitivity significantly. However, the suppression effect of the spin-exchange relaxation has not been examined quantitatively so far. Herein, we systematically investigate the relaxation of the alkali metal atoms and find that the spin-exchange relaxation is not completely eliminated under the normal operating condition of the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer. In addition to the optical pumping rate, the spin-exchange relaxation still plays a dominant role in the broadening of electron Zeeman resonances due to the large electron magnetic field. This is the first demonstration that the alkali metal atoms are operated in the near-SERF regime in the alkali metal-noble gas comagnetometer with a large election magnetic field, which will shed light on the way to reduce the relaxation of the alkali metal atoms and enhance the sensitivity of the comagnetometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulating magnetism by electrical means is a very effective method to realize ultra-low power spintronic-integrated circuits. In this work, based on first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the recently successfully fabricated two-dimensional semiconductor material, InO monolayer, can be tuned to the half-metallic state by applying a gate voltage to generate hole doping. Such a ferromagnetic state is independent of the partially occupied d - or f -orbital, it is associated with a narrow valence band. Our work provides theoretical guidance for the experimental adjustment of two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor, especially two-dimensional half-metallic material. • Gate voltage induces transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase in 2D InO. • Resulting half-metallic state holds significant potential for spintronics devices. • Electrical manipulation of magnetism is effective for ultra-low-power spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin-exchange relaxation of electron spins directly affects the sensitivity of the atomic magnetometers. Rapid determination of the spin-exchange relaxation is essential. In this work, we propose a novel method for measuring the spin-exchange relaxation that allows being operated in the range of zero to earth-scale magnetic field. The longitudinal and transverse relaxation are synchronously extracted from the magnetic resonance linewidth and radio-frequency field amplitude corresponding to the maximum slope of the dispersive resonance curve. The spin-exchange relaxation is further obtained from the difference. The experimental results are consistent with the conventional linewidth fitting method in near-zero magnetic field and with the theoretical expectation in earth-scale magnetic field. This method not only improves authenticity compared to the conventional linewidth fitting method by considering the effect of rf field on relaxation, but also provides a fast and reliable measurement of the spin-exchange relaxation in earth-scale field. • A novel measurement of spin-exchange relaxation applicable in earth-scale field. • The transverse and longitudinal relaxation can be synchronously extracted. • Provide a way to evaluate the effect of spin-exchange relaxation suppression method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel method for measuring relaxation rates and Fermi-contact fields of the electron and nuclear spin ensembles rapidly and synchronously in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic comagnetometers based on the transient response. The transient response model of the comagnetometer is established by solving a set of Bloch equations. The decay rates and oscillation frequencies of the transient response as functions of the longitudinal magnetic field are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The total relaxation rate of the nuclear spin ensemble is obtained from its decay rate. A linear model is presented with a detailed mathematical derivation based on the decay rates and oscillation frequencies of the spin ensembles. The Fermi-contact fields of the spin ensembles and the slowing-down factor are extracted from the slope and intercept of the linear model. The total relaxation rate of the electron spins is obtained from the decay rates of the spin ensembles and the measured slowing-down factor. The validity of this method is further checked by the magnetic resonance (MR) method from a perspective of the electron resonance linewidth. Identification of these systematic parameters paves the way for operating the comagnetometers efficiently as well as the practical applications of the comagnetometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate monitoring of minor and trace elements in food is of great significance for maintaining human health. Although laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (LA-ICP-MS) is well-established for the direct analysis of solid sample, the lack of an appropriate external standard for quantitative calibration remains the main challenge. Herein, we developed a novel calibration strategy based on the mixed fine-particulate food reference material pellets as the external standard to accurately measure the multi-elements in various solid food samples. Three in-house prepared pellet standards exhibited good homogeneity (RSD < 9%) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.0003 (Sr) to 0.86 μg g−1 (Ca). Analytical results of the food NIST reference materials and typical food samples were in good agreement with the certified or reference values, respectively. The proposed method is a promising alternative for routine elemental bulk and/or imaging analysis in food safety laboratories. [Display omitted] ● LA-ICP-MS via mixed pellet standard was validated for solid food. ● The proposed protocol complies with "Green Chemistry" principles. ● Micron-sized particles effectively improve uniformity and accuracy. ● The quantitative error for all 18 elements was within 20%. ● Screening method of elemental bulk and imaging analysis for food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which are rare and slow-growing neoplasms, pose a diagnostic challenge as they are clinically silent at the time of presentation. Here, gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors were researched by nonlinear microscopy, and results demonstrate that this technique has the capability to identify neuroendocrine tumors in the absence of labels and can, in particular, detect rare neuroendocrine tumor cells, vascular invasion, desmoplastic reaction, and fibroelastosis induced by neuroendocrine tumors. These conclusions highlight the possibility of nonlinear optical microscopy as a diagnostic tool for label-freely differentiating neuroendocrine tumors by these histopathologic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene has intrinsic edge states localized at zigzag edge or lattice defect. Helical boundary states can also be established in such a two-dimensional carbon material at the boundary of topological insulator (TI) phase realized by the extrinsic Rashba spin–orbital coupling (SOC) in gated bilayer graphene. We theoretically investigate the interaction between these two kinds of edge (boundary) states when they coexist in a bilayer graphene. We find that this interaction gives rise to some very interesting results. In a zigzag edged nanoribbon of bilayer graphene, it is possible that the TI helical state does not localize at the TI phase boundary. Instead it moves to the nanoribbon edge even though the SOC is absent therein. In a bulk lattice of bilayer graphene embedded with two line defects, the numbers of helical state subbands at the two line defects are not equal to each other. In such a case, the backscattering lacking is still forbidden since the Kramers pairs are valley polarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was developed for the analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters (MNTs) in human urine by carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase method (CM-LPME-SSP) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). By adding an appropriate carrier in organic phase, simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic analytes, MNTs, with high enrichment factors (22.6–36.1 folds) and excellent sample cleanup was achieved. A new strategy, solidifying the aqueous stripping phase in the back-extraction process, was developed to facilitate the collection of the stripping phase as small as a few microliters. Combined with HPLC-ECD analysis, the linear ranges of the established method were 0.015–2.0 μg/mL for NE, E, DA, and 0.020–2.0 μg/mL for 5-HT. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 5.5–10.8 ng/mL and 15–20 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recoveries were in the range of 87–108%, with intraday and interday relative standard deviations lower than 13%. This method was successfully applied to analysis of MNTs in real urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cenozoic double-layered structure was identified in the western Qaidam Basin. • The Qaidam Basin suffered much stronger shortening deformation in west than east. • The double-layered structure in the western Qaidam Basin was initiated at Pliocene. • Double-layered structure was due to far-field effect of the India-Asia collision. The Qaidam Basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau lies above over 3000 m elevation above sea level, being the inland terrestrial basin with the highest altitude in the world. This basin is surrounded by the Eastern Kunlun, Altyn and Qilian Mountains, and represents a key area to decipher the tectonic and kinematic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau during Cenozoic times. The Cenozoic deformation of the Qaidam Basin is synchronous with the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The structural coupling between Cenozoic shallow and deep deformation systems in the Qaidam Basin is complicated and poorly understood, because of the lack of studies of the deformation at the depth. Based on the detailed structural analysis of the Honggouzi and Nanyishan anticlines in the western Qaidam Basin, we found that the fault-propagation fold was usually developed in the shallow part and "Y" shaped thrust faults occur at both sides of the anticlinal core, while fault-bend folds developed above the bottom detachment fault in the deep, which together constitute the Cenozoic double-layered structure (DLS). The DLS is relatively well developed in the northwest and gradually disappears to the southeast in the Qaidam Basin, indicating that the deformation and shortening in the western Qaidam Basin is much stronger than that in the eastern Qaidam Basin. The initial formation time of the DLS started from Pliocene (Shizigou Fm.) and continue to present, which supports that the Qaidam Basin was a "plate-shape-like" compressive flexing basin without obvious deformation during Eocene to Pliocene. The formation of the DLS in the western Qaidam Basin was due to the continuing N/NNE-directed compression in the southwest and the large-scale sinistral strike-slip displacement along the Altyn Tagh fault in the northwest related to the far-field stress effect of the India-Asia collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three catecholamines in urine using aminophenylboronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Novel aminophenylboronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by multi-step covalent modification, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. With the help of the high affinity between the boronate and cis-diol group, the particles were used for the highly selective separation and enrichment of three major catecholamines, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Effects of the pH of the feed solution, the extraction time, the composition of the buffer solution, the amount of the magnetic particles, the elution conditions, and the recycling of aminophenylboronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were explored. Under the optimized conditions, 13-17-fold enrichment factors were obtained. The linear ranges were 0.01-2.0 μg/mL for the studied analytes. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 2.0-7.9 and 6.7-26.3 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recoveries were in the range of 92-108%, with intraday and interday relative standard deviations lower than 6.8%. This method was successfully applied to analysis of catecholamines in real urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It was recently reported that a kind of graphene line defect can be fabricated in a controllable experimental way. In the present work we theoretically investigate the band structure and the electronic transport properties of a graphene superlattice formed by embedding periodically line defects in the graphene lattice. Based on the calculated results, we suggest that such a superlattice can be used as a quantum wire array which can carry much larger current than a single graphene nanoribbon. A remarkable advantage of this superlattice over other quantum wires is that the electronic transport in it is insensitive to scattering effects except that the scattering potential range is smaller than the graphene lattice constant. Moreover, we find that the anisotropy of the Dirac cone presented in this superlattice has a nontrivial influence on the universal minimal conductivity and the sub-Poissonian shot noise of graphene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The presence of an extended line defect in graphene brings about some interesting electronic properties to such a truly two-dimensional (2D) carbon material, such as the energy-band engineering and valley filtering. By establishing an appropriate connection condition for the spinor wave function across the line defect, we find that the massless Dirac equation is still a valid theoretical model to describe low-energy electronic properties of the line defect embedded graphene structure. To check the validity of the wave-function connection condition, we take two kinds of line defect embedded graphene structures as examples to study the low-energy electronic states by solving the Dirac equation. First, for a line defect embedded zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbon, we obtain analytical results about the subband dispersion and eigenwave function, which coincide well with the numerical results from the tight-binding approach. Then, for a 2D graphene embedded with an extended line defect, we get an exact expression about the valley polarized electronic transmission probability, which demonstrates the simple result estimated previously in the zero-energy limit. More interestingly, our analytical result indicates that in such a 2D graphene structure a quasi-one-dimensional (ID) electronic state occurs along the line defect. And the electronic group velocity in this quasi-ID electronic state can be readily modulated by applying a strain field around the line defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We develop a tight-binding theory to study the electronic transport through an extended line defect in monolayer graphene. After establishing an analytical expression of the transmission probability, we clarify the following issues concerning the valley polarization in the electronic transport process. Firstly, we find that the valley polarization is robust in the total linear dispersion region. More interestingly, we find that the lattice deformation around the line defect play an important role in tuning the incident angle for complete transmission. Finally, we indicate that next nearest neighbor interaction only causes a small suppression to the valley polarization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Optical conductivity of a graphene sheet subject to a one-dimensional cosinusoidal potential is studied. We find that the optical conductivity can be tuned by the strength of the superlattice potential. When this strength is within a certain range the terahertz conductivity can be enhanced by two orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: Disease severity in acute radiation rhinosinusitis (ARRS) peaks after radiation therapy.ARRS is mainly local inflammation, manifested by increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines.Intranasal corticosteroids are effective anti‐inflammatory drugs in the treatment of ARRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of China's economy, people are eager for an effective way to relieve work pressure and strengthen their health at the same time. Outdoor sport is one of the best choices for people. However, the amount of recommended data on the network is very large. As a result, when people understand outdoor sports through the network, they cannot effectively obtain the information they want. This is the problem of "information overload," and personalized recommendation system can effectively alleviate this problem. In order to effectively recommend outdoor sports to users, a useful attempt was made in the personalized recommendation system for outdoor sports in this paper. The specific work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the current situation of outdoor sports in China was summarized, and the related technologies of the recommendation system were studied, including user modeling technology, recommendation target modeling technology, and recommendation algorithm. In order to obtain better recommendation effect, this paper proposes to mix user-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, project-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, and content-based recommendation algorithm. The hybrid algorithm adopts the way of feature expansion and weighted combination. Firstly, the hybrid model (model 1) of user-based collaborative filtering recommendation and content-based recommendation is obtained. Secondly, the hybrid model (model 2) based on project collaborative filtering recommendation and content-based recommendation was obtained. Finally, model 1 and model 2 were combined together to get a hybrid model with better final recommendation effect. For the common cold start problem in the recommendation system, the system adopts content-based recommendation algorithm to solve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the phonon-limited electron mobility in planar T graphene and find that the mobility ∝ T − 5. 53 at low temperature T. With the increase of temperature, the power exponent 5.53 decreases towards 1. Excitingly, the room-temperature mobility of planar T graphene is 2. 78 × 1 0 6 cm 2 /Vs which is about 20.59 times as large as that of n -type graphene at the same carrier density. Different from graphene with longitudinal acoustic phonon dominating the mobility, an in-plane optical phonon mode contributes the most to the mobility of planar T graphene. • We obtain a very large room-temperature mobility (2.78 × 106 cm2/Vs) than that of monolayer graphene at the same carrier density, which makes it a promising candidate for future carbon material devices. • We observe a low-temperature behavior μ ∝ T-5.53 in the regime of partly screened electron–phonon interaction. Moreover, we predict a very high Bloch–Grüneisen temperature larger than the Debye one in planar T graphene. • Different from graphene with longitudinal acoustic phonon dominating the mobility, an in-plane optical phonon mode contributes the most to the mobility of planar T graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miner's pneumoconios is a serious global public health problem. To further improve the application performance of individual protective materials, this paper prepared three-layered composite filter material composed of a hydrophobic external layer, a dust filter intermediate layer, and a moisture permeable internal layer, and explored the influence of composite ratio on the comprehensive performance of the filter material. The thermal comfort evaluation index system under complex working conditions environment was established. The results show that the optimal composite ratio of composite filter material is 2/6/2. This optimal composite filter material has dual-structure with high filtration efficiency of 99.9 %, low resistance of 98.7Pa, high quality factor of 0.07 and high air permeability of 364 mm/s. The construction of the wetting gradient realizes the efficient moisture permeability of 11.1 kg·m−1·d−1of the filter media. In addition, it shows the antibacterial activity of over 90 % against S.aureus and E.coli. The ergonomics experiments shows the heart rate and oxygen uptake are the key influencing factors reflecting the thermal comfort of the filter material. The composite filter material developed with excellent air and moisture permeability can provide a comfortable and safe breathing environment under the working environment of high temperature, high humidity and high labor intensity. [Display omitted] • The prepared filter membrane are superior in air and moisture permeability. • The prepared filter membrane have a low pressure drop due to the air slip effect. • A comprehensive physiological index model for ergonomics parameters is constructed. • The composite filter material is an excellent personal protection material in mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) calls for efforts to study broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination so as to inform the development of vaccines and antibody therapeutics with broad protection. Here, we identified two convalescents of breakthrough infection with relatively high neutralizing titers against all tested viruses. Among 50 spike-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cloned from their B cells, the top 6 neutralizing mAbs (KXD01-06) belong to previously defined IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibodies. Although most antibodies in this class are dramatically escaped by VOCs, KXD01-06 all exhibit broad neutralizing capacity, particularly KXD01-03, which neutralize SARS-CoV-2 from prototype to the emerging EG.5.1 and FL.1.5.1. Deep mutational scanning reveals that KXD01-06 can be escaped by current and prospective variants with mutations on D420, Y421, L455, F456, N460, A475 and N487. Genetic and functional analysis further indicates that the extent of somatic hypermutation is critical for the breadth of KXD01-06 and other IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibodies. Overall, the prevalence of broadly neutralizing IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibodies in these two convalescents provides rationale for novel vaccines based on this class of antibodies. Meanwhile, KXD01-06 can be developed as candidates of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 through further affinity maturation. Author summary: The greatest challenge for the development of effective vaccines and antibody therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 is the rapid emergence of variants. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and vaccines that can elicit those antibodies are promising strategies to meet the challenge. Therefore, we focus on identification and characterization of bnAbs elicited by infection or vaccination in this study. From two convalescents of breakthrough infection, we discovered a serial of bnAbs (KXD01-06), which are able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 from prototype to XBB lineages, and even to the emerging EG.5. Notably, these bnAbs are prevalent in the two convalescents and their neutralization breadth is developed through extensive affinity maturation. Overall, our study is an important support for vaccine development aiming at eliciting those bnAbs. Moreover, those bnAbs have potential to be developed as candidates of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 through further optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a dual-axis atomic spin gyroscope based on an alkali metal-noble gas comagnetometer. Alkali metal vapor is optically pumped, and then the noble gas is hyperpolarized along the z axis. When sensing a transverse rotation, the polarized noble gas will be induced to precess and produce an effective magnetic field in the x – y plane for alkali metals to precess under. Operating in the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime, alkali atoms are modulated by the z axis magnetic field and serve as an integrated in-situ dual-axis magnetometer to detect the gyroscopic precession in the x and y axes simultaneously, using a single probe beam. By using the parametric modulation technique, the low frequency drift is effectively suppressed and a bias instability of less than 0.05 deg/h has been achieved in our dual-axis atomic spin gyroscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass dissolution is one main problems for cathodes in aqueous electrolytes due to the strong polarity of water molecules. In principle, mass dissolution is a thermodynamically favorable process as determined by the Gibbs free energy. However, in real situations, dissolution kinetics, which include viscosity, dissolving mass mobility, and interface properties, are also a critical factor influencing the dissolution rate. Both thermodynamic and kinetic dissolving factors can be regulated by the ratio of salt to solvent in the electrolyte. In this study, concentration‐controlled cathode dissolution is investigated in a susceptible Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode whose time‐, cycle‐, and state‐of‐charge‐dependent dissolubility are evaluated by multiple electrochemical and chemical methods. It is verified that the super‐highly concentrated water‐in‐salt electrolyte has a high viscosity, low vanadium ion diffusion, low polarity of solvated water, and scarce solute−water dissolving surfaces. These factors significantly lower the thermodynamic‐controlled solubility and the dissolving kinetics via time and physical space local mass interfacial confinement, thereby inducing a new mechanism of interface concentrated‐confinement which improves the cycling stability in real aqueous rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on density functional theory, we study the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) of monolayer (ML) CrI 3 in different magnetic configurations. We find that ML CrI 3 in both the in-plane and off-plane ferromagnetic (FM) states hosts significant AHC, with quantum plateaus occurring at topologically nontrivial bandgaps. In the in-plane FM state, the AHC of ML CrI 3 depends sensitively on the magnetization direction. First, the sign of AHC can be inverted whenever the magnetization angle increases by 60 °. Second, the AHC vanishes if the magnetization angle is equal to the odd times of 30 °. By doping electrons and applying moderate strain, one can switch the magnetic ground state between the off- and in-plane FM states and manipulate the magnitude and sign of the AHC. Based on these features of AHC of ML CrI 3 , we propose a theoretical model to realize the functions of spintronic devices such as the reversible spin transport, magnetic sensors, or magnetic read-in head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a feasible method that enables suppression of crosstalk induced by the additional transverse (sinusoidal/noise) magnetic field near the modulation frequency of the arrayed single-beam optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs), which is usually generated by adjacent channels, by locking the remanence to zero through a closed-loop control. Based on a miniaturized 87Rb atomic cell of 3 × 3 × 3 mm, our method can significantly suppress the modulation magnetic field crosstalk. In addition, the magnetic field control circuit structure is optimized by investigating the effect of magnetic field noise on the sensitivity of the magnetometer. The sensitivity of OPM can reach 16 f T / H z 1 / 2 between 10 and 100 Hz. These crosstalk amplitude results show good agreement with theoretical analysis. Our method is especially advantageous for future high-resolution magnetocardiography and magnetoencephalography systems where dense array with large amount of miniaturized magnetometers are required. • We quantify the effect of modulation crosstalk magnetic field on the OPM output. • Locking the remanent to zero through closed-loop control can suppress crosstalk. • Low-noise magnetic field driving circuit and closed-loop can improve sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale oil and gas are currently the major fields of unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development. The Fengcheng Formation (FF) shale in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin is an alkaline lacustrine organic-rich shale with an extremely prospective shale oil potential. However, its strong heterogeneity and complex pore structure greatly influence the development of shale oil. It is significant to investigate the pore and geochemical characteristics of shale reservoirs for shale oil extraction. In this study, the pore structure and geochemical characteristics of FF have been investigated using core analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), low-temperature gas adsorption (LTGA), and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). The results show that the shale of FF has moderate organic matter abundance, and the kerogen is mainly of Type II, which is now at the peak of oil generation. Shale minerals are mainly composed of carbonate (dolomite and calcite) and siliceous (quartz and feldspar) minerals, with extremely low clay mineral content. The pore types are mainly intergranular pores (inter-P), intragranular pores (intra-P), and microfractures associated with mineral particles. The pore space is contributed predominantly by micropores of 0.5–1.2 nm and mesopores of 10–50 nm, whereas macropores are underdeveloped. The pores are mostly ink bottle- and slit-shaped, and the pore connectivity is relatively poor. The pore development of shale in the FF is influenced by organic matter abundance, thermal maturity, mineral composition, etc. Organic matter content (TOC), thermal maturity (Ro), and carbonate minerals have a positive effect on pore development, and the pore volume (PV) increases with TOC, Ro, and carbonate minerals. While clay minerals show a negative effect, the PV decreases with clay minerals. Additionally, the influence of the clay mineral content on the pore morphology of shale should not be ignored. This study investigates the pore structure and geochemical characteristics of the alkaline lacustrine shale of FF in Mahu Sag, which is significant to deepen the understanding of alkaline lacustrine shale and to improve the production of shale oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is easily confused with nasal polyps (NP).The typical manifestation of REAH on CT is the enlargement of bilateral olfactory clefts (OCs).The widening of the OCs in the CT scan is a biomarker for diagnosing REAH associated with NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Cu 2 Si nanoribbons with zigzag edges have flat bands of edge states. • Interaction between the edge states can induce sizable magnetism in the ribbon. • Carrier doping can induce sizable magnetism in the ribbon too. • Carrier doping can further control the real space distribution of magnetic moment. Abstract The surface states of three dimensional topological nodal line semimetal (TNLSM) form a flat band within the projection of the closed nodal line onto the surface. Such a flat band implies a singular surface density of states which, if close to the Fermi energy, is apt to induce a magnetic phase transition. Similar physics is expected in a two-dimensional (2D) TNLSM. In the framework of density functional theory, we study the edge states of Cu 2 Si monolayer which is currently an experimentally feasible sample of 2D TNLSM. We find that the flat bands attached to two kinds of zigzag edges of Cu 2 Si are very close to the Fermi energy. Moreover, we explore the possible magnetism of Cu 2 Si nanoribbons terminated by these zigzag edges. We find that a narrow ribbon has ferromagnetic ground states with sizable magnetic moments, owing to the interaction between the edge states localized at the opposite edges. In addition, carrier doping in a nanoribbon can induce the transition between the ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic states. More interestingly, the magnetic moment distribution in real space from one to another edges can be readily modulated by the carrier doping. Our study indicates that Cu 2 Si nanoribbons with controllable magnetism provide a new platform to realize the device functions of spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to lymph nodes (LNs) provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve the outcomes of transplantation and immune-mediated diseases. The high endothelial venule is a specialized segment of LN vasculature that uniquely expresses peripheral node addressin (PNAd) molecules. PNAd is recognized by MECA79 mAb. We previously generated a MECA79 mAb-coated microparticle (MP) that carries tacrolimus. Although this MP trafficked to LNs, it demonstrated limited therapeutic efficacy in our transplant model. Here, we have synthesized a nanoparticle (NP) as a carrier of anti-CD3, and optimized the conjugation strategy to coat the NP surface with MECA79 mAb (MECA79-anti-CD3-NP) to enhance LN accumulation. As compared with nonconjugated NPs, a significantly higher quantity of MECA79-NPs accumulated in the draining lymph node (DLN). Many MECA79-NPs underwent internalization by T cells and dendritic cells within the LNs. Short-term treatment of murine cardiac allograft recipients with MECA79-anti-CD3-NP resulted in significantly prolonged allograft survival in comparison with the control groups. Prolonged graft survival following treatment with MECA79-anti-CD3-NP was characterized by a significant increase in intragraft and DLN Treg populations. Treg depletion abrogated the prolongation of heart allograft survival. We believe this targeted approach of drug delivery could redefine the methods of administering immune therapeutics in transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Mucor hiemalis BO-1 was acutely toxic to Bradysia odoriphaga larvae and was as effective as some chemical pesticides. Mucor hiemalis BO-1 infection inhibited the feeding capacity of Bradysia odoriphaga larvae, reduced food consumption and nutrient contents, and caused a decline in digestive enzyme activity. Transcriptome analysis of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae indicated significant changes in the expression of the genes related to the digestive process, energy metabolism, antioxidant response, and immune processes. Mucor hiemalis BO-1 is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects Bradysia odoriphaga, a destructive root maggot. M. hiemalis BO-1 possesses stronger pathogenicity to the larvae than to other stages of B. odoriphaga, and provides satisfactory field control. However, the physiological response of B. odoriphaga larvae to infection and the infection mechanism of M. hiemalis are unknown. We detected some physiological indicators of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae infected by M. hiemalis BO-1. These included changes in consumption, nutrient contents, and digestive and antioxidant enzymes. We performed transcriptome analysis of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae, and found that M. hiemalis BO-1 showed acute toxicity to B. odoriphaga larvae and was as toxic as some chemical pesticides. The food consumption of diseased B. odoriphaga after inoculation with M. hiemalis spores decreased significantly, and there was a significant decrease in total protein, lipid, and carbohydrates in diseased larvae. Key digestive enzymes (protease, α-amylase, lipase, and cellulase) were significantly inhibited during infection. Peroxidase maintained high activity, and the activity of other antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferases) first increased and then decreased. Combined with the transcriptional signatures of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae, M. hiemalis BO-1 infection resulted in decreased food consumption, reduced digestive enzyme activity, and altered energy metabolism and material accumulation. Infection was also accompanied by fluctuations in immune function, such as cytochrome P450 and the Toll pathway. Therefore, our results laid a basis for the further study of the interactions between M. hiemalis BO-1 and B. odoriphaga and promoted the genetic improvement of entomopathogenic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Huaihuang' is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. However, a black spot disease caused by Alternaria sp., a typical necrotrophic fungus, has a serious damaging influence on the field growth, yield, and quality of the plant. 'Huaiju 2#' being bred from 'Huaihuang', shows resistance to Alternaria sp. bHLH transcription factor has been widely studied because of their functions in growth development, signal transduction, and abiotic stress. However, the function of bHLH in biotic stress has rarely been studied. To characterize the resistance genes, the CmbHLH family was surveyed in 'Huaiju 2#'. On the basis of the transcriptome database of 'Huaiju 2#' after Alternaria sp. inoculation, with the aid of the Chrysanthemum genome database, 71 CmbHLH genes were identified and divided into 17 subfamilies. Most (64.8%) of the CmbHLH proteins were rich in negatively charged amino acids. CmbHLH proteins are generally hydrophilic proteins with a high aliphatic amino acid content. Among the 71 CmbHLH proteins, five CmbHLHs were significantly upregulated by Alternaria sp. infection, and the expression of CmbHLH18 was the most significant. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of CmbHLH18 could improve the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola by enhancing callose deposition, preventing spores from entering leaves, reducing ROS accumulation, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and defense enzymes, and promoting their gene expression levels. These results indicate that the five CmbHLHs, especially CmbHLH18, may be considered candidate genes for resistance to necrotrophic fungus. These findings not only increase our understanding of the role CmbHLHs play in biotic stress but also provide a basis by using CmbHLHs to breed a new variety of Chrysanthemum with high resistance to necrotrophic fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the newly emerging area of sodium-ion batteries, as a promising supplement for lithium-ion batteries. Although many cathode materials have been proposed, most of these have limitations for practical applications, such as a low capacity or a poor cycling performance. Here, sodium-deficient O3-Na0.9[Ni0.4Mn x Ti0.6− x]O2 (where x 5 0.1-0.6, abbreviated as NNMT-9415, 9424, 9433, 9442, 9451, and 9460, respectively) materials are introduced, which can be used as the cathode in sodium-ion batteries. Among these materials, the electrochemical behavior of materials with x 5 0.4 and 0.3 is the highest with a higher capacity and better cycling property than the other materials. These can deliver an initial capacity of about 120 mA h g21 in a voltage range of 2.5-4.2 V with a negligible capacity loss even after 100 cycles. The rate capabilities of 82% and 64% at 1 C and 2 C current rates, respectively, are also satisfactory. The good cycling performance and high capacity make these two materials potential candidates as the cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the particulate matter pollution to human health in producing environments, series of polyethylene terephthalate/polyvinyl alcohol (PET/PVA) based nanofibrous membranes were fabricated and investigated the dust collection and antibacterial activity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), berberine (Ber) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) were selected as antibacterial agents. These novel membranes were well-characterized using SEM, FTIR, TG, etc. techniques. Results of the dust filtration showed that PET/PVA/Ag membrane had the best filtration efficiency of 99.87% for sodium chloride (NaCl) and 99.89% for dioctyl sebacate (DEHS), held low pressure drop of 160.1 Pa for NaCl and 165.3 Pa for DEHS, and posed a high tensile strength of 4.91 MPa. The bacteriostasis studies exhibited that PET/PVA/TiO 2 and PET/PVA/Ag membrane showed the highest bacteriological effect on Escherichia coli (98.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (95.9%), respectively. Meanwhile, in vitro cytotoxicity test indicated no potential cytotoxicity existed in the cell culture process of these two antibacterial membranes. Moreover, the charge distribution in the nanofibers was increased by these antibacterial agents to improve the filtration performance. The dust filtration process synergistically promoted with the antibacterial process in the antibacterial membranes. It was expected that these membranes could be efficient filter medias with broad application prospects in the field of individual protection. • PET based nanofibrous membranes were constructed to improve the air filtration and antibacterial performance. • In vitro cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated the non-potential toxicity of PET/PVA/Ag and PET/PVA/TiO 2 membranes. • Mechanism of dust collection and antibacterial activity was performed. • Membranes possessed excellent dust collection and antibacterial performance with broad prospects in producing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ClO 2 increased the flower diameter and extended the vase life of tree peony. • ClO 2 treatment slowed sugar starvation and protein degradation in cut flowers. • ClO 2 treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activity in cut flowers. • ClO 2 treatment prevented bacterial growth to prevent xylem clogging in cut flowers. • ClO 2 reduced ethylene release and regulated ethylene-related gene expression. Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) is an effective fungicide that can be used to mitigate post-harvest mechanical damage and bacterial contamination that can negatively affect the quality and longevity of fresh-cut flowers. To further explore the role of ClO 2 in the preservation of peony cut flowers, we set different concentrations of ClO 2 (0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·L−1), and we found that the 0.100 g·L−1 ClO 2 treatment extended the vase for 3.2 days longer than CK. The ClO 2 treatment increased water uptake of cut flowers by 37.5 % compared to CK, thus maintaining a higher fresh weight. It also retarded the reduction of soluble sugars and proteins. In addition, ClO 2 treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 30.9 %, 31.5 %, and 10.0 % each, respectively, and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, when compared with CK. To further investigate its mechanism of action, the morphological characteristics of the stem bases of treated and untreated peony cut flowers were analyzed by using a bacterial inhibition assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ClO 2 not only inhibited the growth of stem-end bacteria but also reduced the lignin content and the activities of related enzymes. In addition, ethylene production decreased after 0.100 g·L−1 ClO 2 treatment, which might be related to the down-regulation of the ethylene synthase gene PsACO1. The expression of ethylene signaling genes PsETR1, PsEIL3 , and PsERF1 was also affected. Therefore, the ClO 2 treatment might be used as a bactericide to enhance the vase life of P. suffruticosa 'Luoyang Hong' cut flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the immune response within draining lymph nodes (DLNs) has been studied for decades, how their stromal compartment contributes to this process remains to be fully explored. Here, we show that donor mast cells were prominent activators of collagen I deposition by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in DLNs shortly following transplantation. Serial analysis of the DLN indicated that the LN stroma did not return to its baseline microarchitecture following organ rejection and that the DLN contained significant fibrosis following repetitive organ transplants. Using several FRC conditional-knockout mice, we show that induction of senescence in the FRCs of the DLN resulted in massive production of collagen I and a proinflammatory milieu within the DLN. Stimulation of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on FRCs by its ligand LIGHT contributed chiefly to the induction of senescence in FRCs and overproduction of collagen I. Systemic administration of ex vivo-expanded FRCs to mice decreased DLN fibrosis and strengthened the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging heart allograft survival. These data demonstrate that the transformation of FRCs into proinflammatory myofibroblasts is critically important for the maintenance of a proinflammatory milieu within a fibrotic DLN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na‐ion batteries have experienced rapid development over the past decade and received significant attention from the academic and industrial communities. Although a large amount of effort has been made on material innovations, accessible design strategies on peculiar structural chemistry remain elusive. An approach to in situ construction of new Na‐based cathode materials by substitution in alkali sites is proposed to realize long‐term cycling stability and high‐energy density in low‐cost Na‐ion cathodes. A new compound, [K0.444(1)Na1.414(1)][Mn3/4Fe5/4](CN)6, is obtained through a rational control of K+ content from electrochemical reaction. Results demonstrate that the remaining K+ (≈0.444 mol per unit) in the host matrix can stabilize the intrinsic K‐based structure during reversible Na+ extraction/insertion process without the structural evolution to the Na‐based structure after cycles. Thereby, the as‐prepared cathode shows the remarkably enhanced structural stability with the capacity retention of >78% after 1800 cycles, and a higher average operation voltage of ≈3.65 V versus Na+/Na, directly contrasting the non‐alkali‐site‐substitution cathode materials. This provides new insights into alkali‐site‐substitution constructing advanced Na‐ion cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report three Neoproterozoic ophiolitic mélanges in the Ali River (Jifeng-Gaxian-Huanerku) area from the northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China. Detailed field mapping reveal that all three mélanges disperse in a strongly sheared metasedimentary matrix composed mainly of mica-schist, quartz-schist and marble. These mélanges, which have undergone polyphase deformation with northwest-verging nappe structures, are composed of a suite of amphibolite-facies mafic to ultramafic blocks including serpentinite, olivine pyroxenite, pyroxenite, diabase, gabbro and basalt. Lithological and geochemical characteristics of these ultramafic-mafic rocks suggest that their protoliths were from an ophiolitic mélange formed in a Neoproterozoic supra-subduction zone. The protolith ages were constrained by LA-ICP-MS/SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the Jifeng gabbro, the Gaxian pyroxenite, and the Huanerku gabbro, which yielded ages of 647 ± 5, 628 ± 10 and 697 ± 3 Ma, respectively. The zircons from the gabbros have obvious positive ε Hf ( t ) values that range from +8.3 to +17.2 (average = +13.5) with corresponding T DM1 ages of ca. 680 Ma, indicating that these rocks are the remnants of juvenile crust derived from depleted mantle in the Neoproterozoic. All rock types in the mélange underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism. The tectonic emplacement of these ophiolitic mélanges was no later than 557 ± 2 Ma, which is the age of continental arc-type granodiorites (negative ε Hf ( t ) values from -7.4 to -17.8) that intruded these rocks. The mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Ali River mélanges are interpreted to be fragments of a ca. 690–620 Ma supra-subduction zone ophiolite that was incorporated into the Xinlin - Xiguitu suture zone during subduction - accretion. Together with the ca. 500 Ma Toudaoqiao blueschists, the Ali River ophiolitic mélange in the northern Great Xing’an Range provides important evidence for the Neoproterozoic subduction-accretion-collision processes associated with the amalgamation of the Erguna and Xing’an blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus (TAV)-free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ' Huaibai', in order to provide a theoretical basis for field popularization and application of TAV-free 'Huaibai' plantlets. [Method] With previously acquired TAV-free test-tube plantlets of 'Huaibai' as the experimental materials and its ordinary test-tube plantlets as the control (CK), chlorophyll content a d some indexes related to nitrogen metabolism in leaves were determined during subculture. [Result] During subculture, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of CK and TAV-free ' Huaibai' test-tube plantlets increased with the subculture days. Both realized the largest increase at the 22th day of subculture, and their increase amplitudes were 5.24% a d 41.69%, respectively. Compared with CK, the chlorophyU a and chlorophyll b contents of TAV-free test-tube plantlets increased at the same time point of subculture, with significant difference (P < 0.05) or extremely significant difference (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the nitrate reductase (NR) activity, free proline a d soluble protein contents of TAV-free ' Huaibai' were all significantly higher than those of CK, and the highest increase amplitudes were 27.99% (subculture for 22 d), 28.10%o (subculture for 22 d) and 5. 89%> (subculture for 38 d), respectively. [Conclusion] TAV-free could effectively improve chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism level of ' Huaibai', and was conducive to its growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in land use and landscapes have a direct impact on the regional eco-environment. It is of great importance to understand the change pattern of land use, landscapes, and their mechanism on the ecological quality, especially ecologically fragile areas. The northern sand-prevention belt (NSPB) is an important ecologically fragile area in China, which has a large influence on the ecological security of the entire country. Based on the land use data of the NSPB in 2000, 2010, and 2018, we studied the spatio-temporal characteristics of land-use change and change in landscape patterns. The ecological quality represented by the remote sensing-based desertification index (RSDI) was calculated using satellite images. The effects of land use and landscape patterns on RSDI were analyzed by geographic detector and geographically weighted regression. Important results include the following: (1) Land-use change in the study area was high during 2000–2010 but slower in 2010–2018. Grassland was the largest land-use type in the NSPB, and varied greatly in terms of total change and spatial location. The major change was the conversion between dense and moderate grass, with 64,860 km2 of dense grass turning into moderate grass, and 48,505 km2 changing the other way. (2) Among the four landscape metrics, patch density, area-weighted mean fractal dimension, and edge density increased, whereas the aggregation index decreased, which indicated that the landscape was developing towards heterogeneity, fragmentation, complexity, and aggregation. Spatially, the landscape metrics presented a strip distribution in the east of the NSPB. (3) The effects of various land-use types on ecological quality, from high to low, were unused land, woodland, dense grass, cropland, moderate grass, built-up land, sparse grass, and waterbody. The areas where the ecological quality was greatly affected by the landscape patterns were concentrated in the agro-pastoral ecotone and the forest-steppe ecotone. The results of this study reveal the trends of land use and landscape patterns in the NSPB over 18 years and can help to understand their mechanism on ecological quality, which is of significance for the management of this area. • LUC in the NSPB was active from 2000 to 2010 and weakened from 2010 to 2018. • The landscape was developing towards heterogeneity, fragmentation, complexity, and aggregation. • The effects of land use and landscape on ecological quality were studied by GD and GWR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently reported Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness in humans with an approximately 30% mortality rate. The envelope spike glycoprotein on the surface of MERS-CoV mediates receptor binding, membrane fusion, and viral entry. We previously reported two human monoclonal antibodies that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike and exhibit strong neutralization activity against live and pesudotyped MERS-CoV infection. Here we determined the crystal structure of MERS-CoV RBD bound to the Fab fragment of MERS-27 antibody at 3.20 Å resolution. The MERS-27 epitope in the RBD overlaps with the binding site of the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4. Further biochemical, viral entry, and neutralization analyses identified two critical residues in the RBD for both MERS-27 recognition and DPP4 binding. One of the residues, Trp535, was found to function as an anchor residue at the binding interface with MERS-27. Upon receptor binding, Trp535 interacts with the N-linked carbohydrate moiety of DPP4. Thus, MERS-27 inhibits MERS-CoV infection by directly blocking both protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions between MERS-CoV RBD and DPP4. These results shed light on the molecular basis of MERS-27 neutralization and will assist in the optimization of MERS-27 as a tool to combat MERS-CoV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Detrital zircon ages of Jurassic sediments in the western Qaidam Basin show peaks at ∼450 Ma, ∼380 Ma, ∼260 Ma. • The South Qilian Range to the north and South Altyn Tagh Range to the west provided the sources of sediments during the Jurassic. • The Jurassic basin was developed along the southwestern margin of the Paleo-South Qilian Range. • The Jurassic proto-basin in Western Qaidam is reconstructed by provenance analyses. The Qaidam Basin is the largest intermountain basin within the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which is a key area to understand the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. The evolution history and provenances of the western Qaidam Basin were influenced by the surrounding ranges and recorded the history of the topographic changes. To ascertain the relationship between the sediments in the western Qaidam Basin and surrounding source regions is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin and the northern Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the 745 detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 14 samples collected from the Heishuigou and Mangya sections were used to trace the provenances of the Jurassic sediments in the western Qaidam Basin and to further constrain the tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin in the Meso-Cenozoic. The detrital zircon ages show three age peaks at ∼450 Ma, ∼380 Ma, and ∼260 Ma. Two dated granitoids from the Mangya area have weighted mean ages of 451 ± 3 Ma and 384 ± 3 Ma, respectively. Compared with published zircon U-Pb ages from the relevant basement and magmatic and metamorphic rocks, our results indicate that the South Altyn Tagh Range and the South Qilian Range were main sources of the early-middle Jurassic sediments in the western Qaidam Basin. Together with published stratigraphic, paleocurrent, and seismic profile data, the Jurassic proto-basin was reconstructed. The original Jurassic basin was developed along the southwestern margin of the Paleo-South Qilian Range and displaced sinistrally by the Altyn Tagh Fault during the Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]