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Empathy for pain encompasses the processes of perceiving, understanding, and responding to the pain of others, playing a crucial role in social interaction and individual development. The increasing interest in this field has led to a surge in related publications; however, the overall quantity and quality of these works remain uncertain. To address this issue, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of research on empathy for pain. Our study meticulously examined 479 publications to provide a comprehensive analysis of bibliographic elements such as annual publication trends, authorship, country of origin, institutional affiliations, journals, and keywords. Our findings indicate that, although there has been a rise in research on empathy for pain in recent years, the volume remains insufficient and is predominantly concentrated in a few countries, authors, and institutions. Additionally, current research mainly focuses on four primary areas: perception, pain, empathy, and emotion. We assert that future research will likely explore the relationship between EEG measurements and empathy for pain to determine if such measurements can effectively quantify empathy, thereby enhancing clinical management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors used Chat GPT 4.0 version to improve the language of the manuscript. All the authors declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cancer, the second leading cause of mortality globally, poses a significant health challenge. The conventional treatment for solid tumors involves surgical intervention, followed by chemo- and radio-therapies as well as target therapies, but the recurrence and metastasis of cancers remain a major issue. Anesthesia is essential for ensuring patient comfort and safety during surgical procedures. Despite its crucial role during the surgery, the precise effect of anesthesia on cancer patient outcomes is not clearly understood. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the various anesthesia strategies used in the perioperative care of cancer patients and their potential effects on patients' prognosis, but understanding the complex relationship between anesthesia and cancer outcomes is crucial, given the complexity in cancer treaments. Examining potential implications of anesthesia strategies on cancer patient prognosis may help better understand treatment efficacy and risk factors of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Through a detailed analysis of anesthesia practices in cancer surgery, this review aims to provide insights that may lead to improving the existing anesthesia protocols and ultimately reduce risk factors for patient outcomes in the field of oncology.

Objective: To detect the levels of mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p, mir-24-3p, mir-25-3p and TGF-β1 in tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients and explore their clinical significances and correlations., Methods: The mRNA expressions of mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p, mir-24-3p, mir-25-3p and TGF-β1 were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in ESCC cell lines ECA-109 and TE-1, normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells, tumor tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues from 52 ESCC patients. The expression of TGF-β1 protein in the three types of cells, tumor tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues from 52 ESCC patients was detected by Western blotting., Results: The expressions of mir-18a-5p, mir-24-3p, mir-25-3p and mir-23a-3p in ECA-109 were significantly higher than those in normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells (P<0.05); that is also true of the first three miRNAs in TE-1 (P<0.05). Compared with the normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells, the expression of TGF-β1 was reduced in ECA-109 and TE-1 (P<0.05). Compared with the normal tissues, ESCC tumor tissues were characterized by significant overexpressions of mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p, mir-24-3p and mir-25-3p with the rates being 86.5% (45/52), 63.5% (33/52), 78.8% (41/52), 86.5% (45/52), respectively (all P<0.05), and by significantly decreased expression of TGF-β1 (P<0.05). The up-regulation of mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p, mir-24-3p, mir-25-3p and the down-regulation of TGF-β1 were not correlated with sex, age, tumor size and tumor site in ESCC patients, but the overexpressions of mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p, mir-25-3p were significantly related to tumor differentiation (P<0.05), and a significant variation of mir-25-3p was found in different T stages (P<0.05). TGF-β1 level was lower in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues from the 52 ESCC patients, and higher in stage TIII/IV; than stage TI/II;(P<0.05), and a significant variation was found in histological differentiation (P<0.05). There was no correlation between mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p and TGF-β1, but mir-24-3p and mir-25-3p had an inverse correlation with TGF-β1 in tumor microenvironment of ESCC., Conclusion: Mir-18a-5p, mir-23a-3p, mir-24-3p, mir-25-3p and TGF-β1 might play important roles in the carcinogenic process of ESCC.