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Research Findings: The current study explored the average levels, latent profiles, and predictors of preschoolers' cultural cognition, in a sample of 8774 preschoolers' parents in Shanghai, China. Parents with children aged 3–6 years completed measures of Cultural Cognition Scale for Preschoolers (CCSP) which was newly developed and validated. First, the psychometric properties indicated that CCSP was a reliable and valid scale with four constructs: cultural knowledge, cultural interest, cultural identity, and cultural practice. Second, preschoolers negatively performed in cultural cognition with few high-quality cultural practices and limited fundamental cultural knowledge. Third, the latent profile analysis yielded low-(28.0%), middle-(53.8%), and high-level(18.2%) profiles of parent reports, differentiated by parental education, child age, child gender, preschool rating, and location. Last but not least, a hierarchical regression analysis predicting preschoolers' cultural cognition found that child age, child gender, and parental education had critical effects. In addition, interaction effects were found between parental education and child age on cultural knowledge, as well as between child age and gender on cultural practice. Practice or Policy: This study provides a useful tool to understand and evaluate preschoolers' cultural cognition ability. The findings imply that excellent national cultural enlightenment education with more high-quality cultural activities for preschoolers needs additional focus. Besides, the characteristics of the children with the identified profiles and the family factors related to cultural cognition serve as a reference to better advance children's humanistic literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiFe-LDH/g-C3N4 (LDH/CN) heterostructures with different amounts of NiFe-LDH (LDH) were prepared by a hydrothermal method and characterized using different experimental techniques. Their photocatalytic properties were investigated using the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and the production of hydrogen from water splitting. Experimental results showed that the hydrogen production rate (780.5 μmol g−1 h−1) was 2.29 times that of pristine CN, and the TC removal rate (76.3%) of 1.8LDH/CN was 3.71 times that of CN. According to the detailed study of the structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties, a type II charge transfer mechanism was proposed to explain the improved photocatalytic performance of LDH/CN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts toward controlling secondhand smoke in public places have been made throughout China. However, in contrast to the western world, significant challenges remain for effectively implementing smoke-free regulations. This study explores individual and regional factors which influence smoking in smoke-free public places. Participants included 16,866 urban residents, who were identified through multi-stage sampling conducted in 21 Chinese cities. The reported smoking prevalence in smoke-free public places was 41.2%. Of those who smoked in smoke-free public places, 45.9% had been advised to stop smoking. Participants stated that no-smoking warnings/signs with "please" in the statement had a better likelihood of gaining compliance and preventing smoking in public spaces. Multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity, education, occupation, type of smoking, age of smoking initiation, smoking situation, stress, household smoking restrictions and city population were all associated with smoking in smoke-free public places. Interestingly local smoke-free regulations were not associated with smoking in public places. The findings underscore that efforts to restrict smoking in public places in China should emphasize strong enforcement, while simultaneously raising public awareness of the perils of second hand smoke.