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Mecobalamin is commonly used in the adjuvant intervention of various peripheral nerve injuries. Actin cytoskeleton plays a role in the regeneration of myelin and axon. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of mecobalamin regulating actin cytoskeleton in repairing nerve injury. In this study, a crush injury on the right sciatic nerve of two groups of rats (12 in each group) was established. The control group was only given normal saline (i.g.), and the intervention group was given mecobalamin 1 mg/kg (i.g.). The rats were sacrificed on 28th day and the injured nerves were collected for proteomics. The result shows that regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway changed significantly. The expression of protein Vav1 was verified by Western blot and immunofluorescence. In the intervention group, the nerve fiber structure was complete, the axons were dense and symmetrical, and the myelin sheath was compact and uniform in thickness. The positive rate of myelin basic protein and [beta]III-tubulin was higher than that in the control group. The findings of the study show that mecobalamin regulates the actin cytoskeleton in the repair of nerve damage and upregulates Vav1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway. Key words: mecobalamin, proteomics, Vav1, actin cytoskeleton, neuroregeneration La mecobalamine est couramment utilisee comme adjuvant dans diverses lesions des nerfs peripheriques. Le cytosquelette d'actine joue un role dans la regenerescence de la myeline et de l'axone. Par consequent, cette etude avait pour but d'explorer la possibilite que la mecobalamine participe a la regulation du cytosquelette d'actine dans la reparation des lesions nerveuses. Dans cette etude, nous avons produit des lesions par ecrasement du nerf sciatique droit dans deux groupes de rats (12 dans chaque groupe). Chez les temoins, nous avons uniquement administre une solution saline par voie intragastrique (i.g.), et le groupe de traitement a recu de la mecobalamine a 1 mg/kg (i.g.). Les rats ont ete euthanasies au 28e jour et nous avons preleve les nerfs leses aux fins d'analyses proteomiques. Les resultats montrent que la regulation de la voie de signalisation du cytosquelette d'actine se modifiait de facon marquee. Nous avons verifie l'expression de la proteine Vav1 a l'aide de l'immunobuvardage de Western et de l'immunofluorescence. Dans le groupe de traitement, la structure des fibres nerveuses etait complete, les axones etaient denses et symetriques, et la gaine de myeline etait compacte et d'epaisseur uniforme. Le taux de positivite de la proteine basique de la myeline (PBM) et de la tubuline [beta]III etait plus eleve que chez les temoins. Les resultats de l'etude montrent que la mecobalamine participe a la regulation du cytosquelette d'actine dans la reparation des lesions nerveuse et qu'elle entraine une regulation a la hausse de la proteine Vav1 dans la regulation de la voie de signalisation du cytosquelette d'actine. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : mecobalamine, proteomique, Vav1, cytosquelette d'actine, neuroregenerescence, 1. Introduction Mecobalamin is a derivative of vitamin B12, which has a strong affinity for nerve tissue (Scalabrino and Peracchi 2006). Mecobalamin can promote the metabolism of nucleic acid, protein, [...]

Rehmannia glutinosa is widely recognized as a prominent medicinal herb employed by practitioners across various generations for the purpose of fortifying kidney yin. Within Rehmannia glutinosa, the compound known as catalpol (CAT) holds significant importance as a bioactive constituent. However, the protective effects of CAT on kidneys, including ameliorative effects on chronic kidney disease — most prominently renal anemia and renal fibrosis — have not been clearly defined. In this study, the kidney injury model of NRK-52E cells and C57BL/6N male mice was prepared by exposure to aristolochic acid I (AA-I), and it was discovered that CAT could ameliorate oxidative stress injury, inflammatory injury, apoptosis, renal anemia, renal fibrosis, and other renal injuries both in vivo and in vitro. Further treatment of NRK-52E cells with Nrf2 inhibitors (ML385) and activators (ML334), as well as NF-κB inhibitors (PDTC), validated CAT's ability to target Nrf2 activation. Furthermore, the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65, IL-6, and Cleaved-Caspase3 protein was inhibited. CAT also inhibited NF-κB, and then inhibited the expression of IL-6, p-STAS3, TGF-β1 protein. Therefore, CAT can regulate Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway, significantly correct renal anemia and renal fibrosis, and is conducive to the preservation of renal structure and function, thus achieving a protective effect on the kidneys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy is challenging. This study investigated a minimally invasive approach to salvage retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: An anatomical study of four fresh cadaveric heads was conducted to demonstrate the relevant details of retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy using the endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach. Six patients with nasopharyngeal cancer with retropharyngeal lymph node recurrence, who underwent retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy with the endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold technique at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University from July to December 2021, were included in this study. Results: The anatomical study demonstrated that the endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach offers a short path and minimally invasive approach to the retropharyngeal space. The surgical procedure was well tolerated by all patients, with no significant post-operative complications. Conclusion: The endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach is safe and efficient for retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the effect of wild chrysanthemum water decoction on expression of hypothalamic CRH mRNA and serum levels of ACTH and CORT in immune stress broiler chicks. Test was divided into blank group, control group and Astragalus group including low,medium and high dose groups. Astragalus group was drank Chinese medicine decoction sooner or later two times for 7 days. The doses of low,medium and high dose groups were respectively 0.5,1 and 1.5 g per bird per day. Control and Astragalus groups were vaccinated with 10 Newcastle disease I vaccine (NDV I) by inteamuscular injection on 32-day-old to cause experimental immunological stress, at the same time, blank group injected with equivalent saline. Each group randomly selected eight chickens to collect blood by the heart and take hypothalamus after immunization 1,3,5,7,14,21 days. The content of ACTH and CORT were measured by the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay step (ELISA) . The expression of CRH mRNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that control group has a significantl increase in the expression of CRH mRNA and the content of ACTH and CORT after the immunity of 10 NDVI, displaying experimental immunological stress. The mitigative effect of low dose group is not obvious ,but the medium and high dose groups have a good effect on alleviating the immune stress. In conclusion,the harge dose of NDVI can caused experimental immunological stress,and a suitable dose of astragalus water decoction can relieve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress preconditioning induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) on hippocampal neurons of rats with status epilepticus (SE) and the possible mechanism. Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly enrolled into preconditioning group (N = 30), SE group (N = 30) and control group (N = 30). Each group was divided into 6 subsets (N = 5) according to six time points (before seizure, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d and 7 d after seizure). The preconditioning group was administered 2-DG intraperitoneally with a dose of 150 mg/kg for 7 days, and the lithium - pilocarpine induced SE rat model was established on both preconditioning group and SE group. The rats were sacrificed at the above six time points, and the brains were removed to make paraffin sections. Nissl staining was performed by toluidine blue to evaluate the hippocampal neuronal damage after seizure, and the number of survival neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of the rats were counted. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and X - box binding protein 1 (XBP - 1) in hippocampal CA3 region of the rats. Results The number of survival neurons in preconditioning group was much more than that in SE group at 7 d after seizure (t = 5.353, P = 0.000), and was more obvious in CA1 region. There was no significant hippocampal neuronal damage in control group. The expressions of GRP78 and XBP-1 in CA3 region of hippocampus in SE group at 6 h after seizure were significantly higher than that in control group (P = 0.000), and then kept increasing until reaching the peak at 2 d (P = 0.000, for all). The expressions of GRP78 and XBP-1 in hippocampal CA3 region in preconditioning group were significantly higher than that in control group before seizure (P = 0.000, for all). The level of GRP78 maintained the highest at 24 h and 2 d after seizure (P = 0.000, for all), while the XBP-1 level reached the peak at 24 h after seizure (P = 0.000). The expressions of GRP78 and XBP-1 in hippocampal CA3 region in preconditioning group were significantly higher than that in SE group at before seizure, 6, 12, 24 h after seizure (P = 0.000, for all), while there was no significant difference at 2, 7 d after seizure (P > 0.05). Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress preconditioning could protect hippocampal neurons from damage with status epilepticus, in which the XBP?1?GRP78 signal pathway may be an important mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this study, a previously undescribed cassane diterpenoid, named caesalpinin JF (1), along with two known cassane diterpenoids caesanine C (2) and tomocinol B (3), was isolated from 95% EtOH extract of the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Additionally, three known compounds including pulcherrin R (4), syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and kaempferol (6) were also identified. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Additionally, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation was used to identify the absolute structure of compound 1. Among the isolated compounds, compound 1 displayed a potent anti-neuroinflammation with an IC50 value of 9.87 ± 1.71 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]