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Simple Summary: Oaks (Quercus spp.) are a major component of subtropical and temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere. There are approximately 464 species, and they are dominant tree species in ecosystems. Oaks have a long history of cultivation in Europe, North America, and other continents. They are also cultivated and distributed in most provinces of China. In this paper, Quercus germplasm resource distribution, ecological adaptability, and utilization are explored. All evidence indicates that oaks have been widely distributed since ancient times and have greater functional value than other species in the Fagaceae family. This review will provide a deeper understanding of oak conservation, development, and utilization in China. Oaks exhibit unique biological characteristics and high adaptability to complex climatic and soil conditions. They are widely distributed across various regions, spanning 40 degrees latitude and 75 degrees longitude. The total area of oak forest in China is 16.72 million hm2. There are 60 lineages of Quercus in China, including 49 species, seven varieties, and four subgenera. Archaeological data indicate that oaks were already widely distributed in ancient times, and they are dominant trees in vast regions of China's forests. In addition, the acorn was an important food for ancestral humans, and it has accompanied human civilization since the early Paleolithic. Diverse oak species are widely distributed and have great functional value, such as for greening, carbon sequestration, industrial and medicinal uses, and insect rearing. Long-term deforestation, fire, diseases, and pests have led to a continuous decline in oak resources. This study discusses the Quercus species and their distribution in China, ecological adaptation, and the threats facing the propagation and growth of oaks in a changing world. This will give us a better understanding of Quercus resources, and provide guidance on how to protect and better utilize germplasm resources in China. The breeding of new varieties, pest control, and chemical and molecular research also need to be strengthened in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early forecast of Lepidopteran oak-infesting pests. [Method] DNA barcoding technique was established for quick species identification using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (Co 1) as the standard gene. This barcoding technique was used to amplify and sequence genomic DNA samples from eggs and pupae of 11 species of Lepidopteran pests collected from oak. [Result] The DNA barcoding standard genes of 594-708 bp were determined from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects. There were differences of 0-2 bases in DNA barcode sequences between conspecific eggs and pupae, with the sequence identity of 99.7%-100%. The average content of A, T, C and C of DNA barcode sequences from Lepidopteran insects were 30.7%, 38.5%, 14.9% and 15.9%, respectively. The obtained DNA barcode sequences had 91.4%-100% identity and 0-8.6% difference degree with CenBank-deposited DNA barcode sequences from organisms of the genetically-closest relationship. Among them, DNA barcode sequences from egg and pupa samples of 10 Lepidopteran insects (No. 1-20) had 99%-1()0% identity and 0-1.0% difference degree with homologous sequences in GenBank database, while the remaining samples (No. 21-22) had high difference degree (8.6%) with homologous sequences. [Conclusion] The established DNA barcoding technique is an effective tool for species identification of Lepidopteran pests using genomic DNA from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]