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Abstract In this paper, we derive the Carrollian amplitude in the framework of bulk reduction. The Carrollian amplitude is shown to relate to the scattering amplitude by a Fourier transform in this method. We propose Feynman rules to calculate the Carrollian amplitude where the Fourier transforms emerge as the integral representation of the external lines in the Carrollian space. Then we study the four-point Carrollian amplitude at loop level in massless Φ4 theory. As a consequence of Poincaré invariance, the four-point Carrollian amplitude can be transformed to the amplitude that only depends on the cross ratio z of the celestial sphere and a variable χ invariant under translation. The four-point Carrollian amplitude is a polynomial of the two-point Carrollian amplitude whose argument is replaced with χ. The coefficients of the polynomial have branch cuts in the complex z plane. We also show that the renormalized Carrollian amplitude obeys the Callan-Symanzik equation. Moreover, we initiate a generalized Φ4 theory by designing the Feynman rules for more general Carrollian amplitude.

Data have become valuable assets for enterprises. Data governance aims to manage and reuse data assets, facilitating enterprise management and enabling product innovations. A data lineage graph (DLG) is an abstracted collection of data assets and their data lineages in data governance. Analyzing DLGs can provide rich data insights for data governance. However, the progress of data governance technologies is hindered by the shortage of available open datasets for DLGs. This paper introduces an open dataset of DLGs, including the DLG model, the dataset construction process, and applied areas. This real-world dataset is sourced from Huawei Cloud Computing Technology Company Limited, which contains 18 DLGs with three types of data assets and two types of relations. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the first open dataset of DLGs for data governance. This dataset can also support the development of other application areas, such as graph analytics and visualization.

Abstract Background Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and is increasingly recognized as a serious public health concern worldwide. Our aim was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Chinese medical students regarding monkeypox. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,897 college students from China. An e-questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge (17 items), attitudes (12 items), and baseline criteria. The relationships between a range of factors and knowledge and attitudes were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 79.33% of the study participants were female, 89.10% were of Han ethnicity, 72.50% were from rural areas, 50.39% were in their first year, and 80.65% were medical majors. A total of 50.88% had good knowledge of monkeypox, and 57.11% had a positive attitude towards monkeypox knowledge. Univariate analysis revealed that origin and major were the factors affecting the knowledge level of monkeypox among participants. Rural students had more knowledge of monkeypox than urban students, and nonmedical students had greater awareness of monkeypox than did medical students. Moreover, sex and grade were the factors influencing participants’ attitudes towards monkeypox; men had more positive attitudes than women did, and senior students had more positive attitudes than junior students did. Multivariate analysis revealed that major and the origin of the students independently influenced the monkeypox knowledge of Chinese medical students, while sex, grade and monkeypox knowledge were significantly related to attitudes towards monkeypox. Conclusion This study revealed that nearly half of the Chinese medical students had good knowledge and a positive attitude towards monkeypox. Student origin and major independently influenced the knowledge of Chinese medical students of monkeypox, while sex, grade and knowledge were independently related to the attitudes of Chinese medical students towards monkeypox.

Objective To study the effect of low concentrations of sodium fluoride on the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. hDPCs were cultured using a modified tissue explant technique in vitro. The effects of different concentrations of sodium fluoride on the proliferation of hDPCs were measured by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Appropriate concentrations were added to the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation induction medium, and the cells were induced in vitro. Alizarin red S staining was used to detect the osteoblastic/odontogenic differentiation ability of the cells, and the mRNA expression of the key differentiation factors was detected by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the expression of key molecules of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0 software package. Results Low concentration of NaF (0.1 mmol/L) could stimulate cell proliferation in vitro, while a high concentration (5-10 mmol/L) could inhibit cell proliferation (P

The flower coloration of Brassica crops possesses significant application and economic value, making it a research hotspot in the field of genetics and breeding. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research on color variation and creation of Brassica crops. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutional processes of flower colors are poorly understood. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of flower color formation in plants, emphasizing the molecular basis and regulation mechanism of flavonoids and carotenoids. By summarizing the recent advances on the genetic mechanism of flower color formation and regulation in Brassica crops, it is clearly found that carotenoids and anthocyanins are major pigments for flower color diversity of Brassica crops. Meantime, we also explore the relationship between the emergence of white flowers and the genetic evolution of Brassica chromosomes, and analyze the innovation and multiple utilization of Brassica crops with colorful flowers. This review aims to provide theoretical support for genetic improvements in flower color, enhancing the economic value and aesthetic appeal of Brassica crops.

Background: Recent genetic evidence supports that circulating biochemical and metabolic traits (BMTs) play a causal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which might be mediated by changes in brain structure. Here, we leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study data to investigate the intrinsic causal relationship between blood BMTs, brain image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and AD. Methods: Utilizing the genetic variants associated with 760 blood BMTs and 172 brain IDPs as the exposure and the latest AD summary statistics as the outcome, we analyzed the causal relationship between blood BMTs and brain IDPs and AD by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Additionally, we used two-step/mediation MR to study the mediating effect of brain IDPs between blood BMTs and AD. Results: Twenty-five traits for genetic evidence supporting a causal association with AD were identified, including 12 blood BMTs and 13 brain IDPs. For BMTs, glutamine consistently reduced the risk of AD in 3 datasets. For IDPs, specific alterations of cortical thickness (atrophy in frontal pole and insular lobe, and incrassation in superior parietal lobe) and subcortical volume (atrophy in hippocampus and its subgroups, left accumbens and left choroid plexus, and expansion in cerebral white matter) are vulnerable to AD. In the two-step/mediation MR analysis, superior parietal lobe, right hippocampal fissure and left accumbens were identified to play a potential mediating role among three blood BMTs and AD. Conclusions: The results obtained in our study suggest that 12 circulating BMTs and 13 brain IDPs play a causal role in AD. Importantly, a subset of BMTs exhibit shared genetic architecture and potentially causal relationships with brain structure, which may contribute to the alteration of brain IDPs in AD.

Addiction medicine is a dynamic field that encompasses clinical practice and research in the context of societal, economic, and cultural factors at the local, national, regional, and global levels. This field has evolved profoundly during the past decades in terms of scopes and activities with the contribution of addiction medicine scientists and professionals globally. The dynamic nature of drug addiction at the global level has resulted in a crucial need for developing an international collaborative network of addiction societies, treatment programs and experts to monitor emerging national, regional, and global concerns. This protocol paper presents methodological details of running longitudinal surveys at national, regional, and global levels through the Global Expert Network of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM-GEN). The initial formation of the network with a recruitment phase and a round of snowball sampling provided 354 experts from 78 countries across the globe. In addition, 43 national/regional addiction societies/associations are also included in the database. The surveys will be developed by global experts in addiction medicine on treatment services, service coverage, co-occurring disorders, treatment standards and barriers, emerging addictions and/or dynamic changes in treatment needs worldwide. Survey participants in categories of (1) addiction societies/associations, (2) addiction treatment programs, (3) addiction experts/clinicians and (4) related stakeholders will respond to these global longitudinal surveys. The results will be analyzed and cross-examined with available data and peer-reviewed for publication.

Background: Mpox re-emerged worldwide with the multi-country outbreaks that occurred in May 2022, threatening the public health of human beings. Methods: This rapid systematic review summarized mpox reinfection cases documented. Electronic databases (PubMed, MedRxiv, and Social Science Research Network) were searched without time limitation, using the keywords “mpox,” “monkeypox,” & “reinfection,” “reoccur,” “reoccurrence,” “episode,” and “relapse”. All laboratory-confirmed cases of mpox reinfection published in the literature were included in this study. Results: A total of seven publications (nine cases) from Africa, Europe, and South America were included. All mpox reinfection cases were male, with a median age of 36; 88.89% of cases had unprotected sexual behaviors with other males before each illness episode. The average onset interval between the two episodes was about 4 months. Perianal lesions and lymphadenopathy were major symptoms in both episodes, and no differences in clinical severity were reported between the two episodes. The mean duration of the two episodes was approximately 22 days and 13 days, respectively; which the mean duration of the second episode was shorter than the first infection (t = 2.17, p = 0.0487). Sexually transmitted infections were commonly concurrent among most cases, accounting for 55.6% and 77.8% in the two episodes, respectively. Full vaccination against mpox was rare among reinfection cases. Conclusion: A second infection is possible even in a short period. Reinforcing monitoring, reducing high-risk behaviors, and heightening health education regarding mpox for high-risk populations are crucial to limit mpox spread, including persons with a history of mpox infection.

Abstract We construct Carrollian scalar field theories in general dimensions, mainly focusing on the boundaries of Minkowski and Rindler spacetime, whose quantum flux operators form a faithful representation of Carrollian diffeomorphism up to a central charge, respectively. At future/past null infinity, the fluxes are physically observable and encode rich information of the radiation. The central charge may be regularized to be finite by the spectral zeta function or heat kernel method on the unit sphere. For the theory at the Rindler horizon, the effective central charge is proportional to the area of the bifurcation surface after regularization. Moreover, the zero mode of supertranslation is identified as the modular Hamiltonian, linking Carrollian diffeomorphism to quantum information theory. Our results may hold for general null hypersurfaces and provide new insight in the study of the Carrollian field theory, asymptotic symmetry group and entanglement entropy.

Abstract We reduce the gravitational theory in an asymptotically flat spacetime to future null infinity. We compute the Poincaré flux operators at future null infinity and construct the supertranslation and superrotation generators. The generators are shown to form a closed symmetry algebra by including a generalized gravitational duality operator. We could regard all the generators as the Hamiltonians with respect to the symmetry transformation in the boundary field theory. Our construction of the generators may relate to the BMS fluxes defined in the literature by adding counterterms to the Bondi mass and angular momentum aspects.

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the gender-specific risk factors of alcohol abuse/dependence among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period in China. Method The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) was used to identify respondents with alcohol abuse/dependence. A questionnaire on basic demographics and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness, and history of mental disorders) was used. The logistic regression model was used to explore the associations between the above characteristics and alcohol abuse/dependence. Results A total of 3,412 medical undergraduates were included in the analysis. Males showed a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence than females (16.6% vs 7.4%, p

AbstractBackground Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a significant public concern that profoundly impacts healthcare workers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the prevalence of workplace violence and its correlation with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students in China during their clinical training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors and to assess its association with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students.Method The snowballing sampling technique was used to recruit Chinese medical students. A question designed by the research team was used to ask medical students about their encounters with workplace violence. Students’ basic demographic information and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence, excessive daytime sleepiness and history of mental disorders) were also assessed. As appropriate, the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent-sample t-tests and multiple logistic regression.Results Out of the 1402 undergraduate medical students who participated, 493 (35.2%) reported having experienced workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors, of which 394 (28.1%) were verbal abuse, 14 (1.0%) were physical aggression, and 85 (6.1%) were suffered from both verbal abuse and physical aggression. Furthermore, students exposed to workplace violence were more likely to report suicidal ideation and had a higher prevalence of learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence and excessive daytime sleepiness. Depression symptoms, history of mental disorders, learning burnout and having a partner were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in this population.Conclusion The prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors was high among undergraduate medical students in China. This may be associated with their mental distress and suicidal ideation. Consequently, it is crucial to strengthen workplace safety measures and promptly implement interventions to mitigate the potentially serious consequences.

Abstract Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are widely used worldwide. Recently, studies of the ERAS program in spinal surgery subspecialties have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ERAS in minimally invasive microdiscectomy (MD) surgery. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing MD at a single center. From March 2018 to March 2021, 286 patients were in the ERAS group. A total of 140 patients from March 2017 to February 2018 were in the conventional group. The outcomes included length of stay (LOS), the postoperative numeric rating scale (NRS), complications, 30-day readmission rate, 30-day reoperation rate and cost. Moreover, perioperative factors were also evaluated. Results Compared with the conventional group, the LOS and cost were reduced in the ERAS group. There were no significant differences in the NRS, complication rate, 30-day readmission or reoperation rates between the groups. Furthermore, postoperative drainage volume, and postoperative opioid use were lower in the ERAS group. Conclusions The ERAS protocol for MD surgery reduces LOS, cost and opioid use and accelerates patient recovery.

Abstract In this paper, we reduce the electromagnetic theory to future null infinity and obtain a vector theory at the boundary. We compute the Poincaré flux operators which could be generalized. We quantize the vector theory, and impose normal order on the extended flux operators. It is shown that these flux operators generate the supertranslation and superrotation. When work out the commutators of these operators, we find that a generalized electromagnetic duality operator should be included as the generators to form a closed symmetry algebra.

Highlights By selecting 4-methylbiphenyl as an anion ligand and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the as-prepared micro-sized SiO/C anode can achieve an initial Coulombic efficiency of ~100%. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the ideal prelithiation efficiency can be achieved by choosing appropriate anion ligand and solvent to regulate the solvation structure of Li+. The positive effect of pre-lithiation on cycle performance has been verified by using an in-situ electrochemical dilatometry and solid electrolyte interphase film.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and has a high mortality rate. Colorectal adenoma (CRA) is precancerous lesions of CRC. The purpose of the present study was to construct a nomogram predictive model for CRA with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) in order to identify high-risk individuals, facilitating early diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately reducing the incidence of CRC. Methods: We conducted a single-center case-control study. Based on the results of colonoscopy and pathology, 320 participants were divided into the CRA group and the control group, the demographic and laboratory test data were collected. A development cohort (n = 223) was used for identifying the risk factors for CRA with LGIN and to develop a predictive model, followed by an internal validation. An independent validation cohort (n = 97) was used for external validation. Receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate discrimination ability, accuracy and clinical practicability of the model. Results: Four predictors, namely sex, age, albumin and monocyte count, were included in the predictive model. In the development cohort, internal validation and external validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of this risk predictive model were 0.946 (95%CI: 0.919–0.973), 0.909 (95 % CI: 0.869–0.940) and 0.928 (95%CI: 0.876–0.980), respectively, which demonstrated the model had a good discrimination ability. The calibration plots showed a good agreement and the decision curve analysis (DCA) suggested the predictive model had a high clinical net benefit. Conclusion: The nomogram model exhibited good performance in predicting CRA with LGIN, which can aid in the early detection of high-risk patients, improve early treatment, and ultimately reduce the incidence of CRC.

Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an ideal model to study the mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in addiction as it eliminates the confounding effects of substance use. Synaptic loss and deficits are hypothesised to underlie the enduring maladaptive behaviours and impaired cognitive function that contribute to IGD.Aims This study aimed to determine whether subjects with IGD have lower synaptic density than control subjects and the relationship between synaptic density and IGD severity.Methods Eighteen unmedicated subjects diagnosed with current IGD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria and 16 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in the study and underwent 18F-labelled difluoro-analogue of UCB-J (18F-SynVesT-1) positron emission tomography scans to assess the density of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), Stroop Colour-Word Test (SCWT), stop-signal paradigms and N-back tasks were administered to all subjects.Results Patients with IGD had significantly higher scores on the IGDS9-SF, HAMD, HAMA and BIS-11 than HCs. HCs performed better on the two-back and SCWT tests as well as in terms of stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs) in the stop-signal paradigms than patients with IGD. Lower uptake was found in the bilateral putamen, right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and Rolandic operculum of patients with IGD compared with HCs. Furthermore, in the IGD group, IGDS9-SF scores and daily gaming hours were negatively correlated with the standardised uptake value ratios of 18F-SynVesT-1 in the bilateral putamen. Longer SSRTs were significantly associated with lower SV2A density in the right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and right Rolandic operculum.Conclusions The in vivo results in this study suggest that lower synaptic density contributes to the severity and impairments in inhibitory control of IGD. These findings may provide further incentive to evaluate interventions that restore synaptic transmission and plasticity to treat IGD.

This study investigated the effect of combined thymosin α1 and vitamin C (Tα1 + VitC) on the immunological responses of septic rats. Five groups were designed. The septic model was established by the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) method. The sham group did not undergo CLP, the model group was given normal saline solution, the Tα1 group was given Tα1 (200 µg/kg), the VitC group was given VitC (200 mg/kg), and the Tα1 + VitC group was given Tα1 + VitC. Specimens for immunological analyses were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h posttreatment in each group except for the sham group (only at 48 h). CD4 + CD25 + T cells in the peripheral blood and dendritic cell (DC) proportions in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-ß1), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured by ELISA. CD4 + CD25 + T cells and OX62 + DCs levels significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1 and/or VitC treatment groups. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-ß1, and NF-κB significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1, VitC, and Tα1 + VitC groups, indicating that combined Tα1 and VitC therapy may help regulate the immunological state of patients with sepsis, thereby improving prognosis.

IntroductionMicroorganisms play an important role in the multifunctionality of soil ecosystems. Soil microbial diversity and functions have a great impact on plant growth and development. The interactions between tea trees and soil microbiota can be linked with planting patterns and management strategies, whose effects on soil microbial community structure and metabolites are still unclear.MethodsHere we used amplicon sequencing and metabolomic analysis to investigate the differences in soil microbial composition and metabolites among three tea production systems: organic, non-organic, and intercropping.ResultsWe detected significant differences among the three systems and found that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota and Chloroflexi were the main bacteria in the three soil groups, although they varied in relative abundance. Acidobacteria bacterium increased significantly in the organic and intercropping groups. For fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main differential fungal phyla. Fungi alpha-diversity in the non-organic group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups, and was correlated with multiple soil physical and chemical factors. Moreover, network analysis showed that bacteria and fungi were strongly correlated. The changes in soil microorganisms caused by management and planting patterns may affect soil quality through corresponding changes in metabolites. Metabolomic analysis showed differences in metabolite composition among different groups. It was also found that the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway was affected by changes in soil microorganisms, and may further affect soil quality in an essential manner.DiscussionPlanting patterns and management strategies may significantly affect soil microorganisms and therefore metabolites. Changes in soil microorganisms, especially in fungi, may alter soil quality by affecting soil physicochemical properties and metabolites. This study will provide new insights into soil quality monitoring from a microbiological perspective.

BackgroundAdolescent depression has become a leading problem around the world, especially as the COVID-19 pandemic has remained prevalent and heavily influenced people’s mental health. While gender difference has always been a topic in the field of psychiatry, there are cultural differences across the world that must be taken into account. The current study is examining gender differences in symptoms of Chinese adolescents with depression.MethodsThe sample was obtained from a total of 574 adolescent patients (172 males and 402 females) diagnosed with depression following the DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria; patients who also had other severe mental or physical illnesses were excluded. The ages of participants ranged from 10 to 19 years. Additionally, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to examine differences in symptoms between different gender and age groups. The LPA was used to examine whether females and males were having different patterns of symptoms.ResultsOur analysis showed that compared to males, females exhibited higher rates of depression and more severe depressive symptoms across age groups. Likewise, the analysis also revealed an earlier onset of depression among Chinese adolescents compared to that in Western countries in previous studies. Finally, the LPA showed that mild to moderate depression was predominant in male patients, while severe depression was predominant in female patients.ConclusionThis study highlights the gender differences in the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. The current study highlighted the importance of gender equality and developing gender-friendly interventions in maintaining the overall mental health of adolescents in China.

Influenza vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy for influenza prevention. Influenza vaccines have been found to be effective against symptomatic and medically attended outpatient influenza illnesses. However, there is currently a lack of data regarding the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines in Chongqing, China. We conducted a prospective observational test-negative design study. Outpatient and emergency cases presenting with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and available influenza reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were selected and classified as cases (positive influenza RT-PCR) or controls (negative influenza RT-PCR). A total of 7,307 cases of influenza and 7,905 control subjects were included in this study. The overall adjusted influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) was 44.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 32.5–54.2%). In the age groups of less than 6 years old, 6–18 years old, and 19–59 years old, the adjusted IVE were 32.2% (95% CI: 10.0–48.9%), 48.2% (95% CI: 30.6–61.4%), and 72.0% (95% CI: 43.6–86.1%). The adjusted IVE for H1N1, H3N2 and B (Victoria) were 71.1% (95% CI: 55.4–81.3%), 36.1% (95% CI: 14.6–52.2%) and 33.7% (95% CI: 14.6–48.5%). Influenza vaccination was effective in Chongqing from 2018 to 2022. Evaluating IVE in this area is feasible and should be conducted annually in the future.

To optimize seasonal influenza control and prevention programs in regions with potentially complicated seasonal patterns. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the etiology of influenza, and chi-square tests were used to compare the epidemic patterns among different influenza virus types and subtypes/lineages. From January 2010 to December 2019, a total of 63,626 ILI cases were reported in Chongqing and 14,136 (22.22%) were laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. The proportions of specimens positive for influenza A and influenza B were 13.32% (8,478/63,626) and 8.86% (5,639/63,626), respectively. The proportion of positive specimens for influenza A reached the highest in winter (23.33%), while the proportion of positive specimens for influenza B reached the highest in spring (11.88%). Children aged 5–14 years old had the highest proportion of positive specimens for influenza. The influenza virus types/subtypes positive was significantly different by seasons and age groups (P

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are one of the main candidates for the next generation of energy storage systems. To improve the performance of LSBs, we herein propose the use of strained MoS2 (s-MoS2) as a catalytically active sulfur host. The introduction of strain in the MoS2 surface, which alters its atomic positions and expands the S–Mo–S angle, shifts the d-band center closer to the Fermi level and provides the surface with abundant and highly active catalytic sites; these enhance the catalyst's ability to adsorb lithium polysulfides (LiPS), accelerating its catalytic conversion and promoting lithium-ion transferability. Strain is generated through the synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles, using different metal sulfides as strain-inducing cores. s-MoS2 nanoparticles are supported on carbon nanofibers (CNF/s-MoS2), and the resulting electrodes are characterized by capacities of 1290 and 657 ​mAh g−1 ​at 0.2 and 5 ​C, respectively, with a 0.05% capacity decay rate per cycle at 8 ​C during 700 cycles. Overall, this work not only provides an ingenious and effective strategy to regulate LiPS adsorption and conversion through strain engineering, but also indicates a path toward the application of strain engineering in other energy storage and conversion fields.

Data governance aims to optimize the value derived from data assets and effectively mitigate data-related risks. The rapid growth of data assets increases the risk of data breaches. One key solution to reduce this risk is to classify data assets according to their business value and criticality to the enterprises, allocating limited resources to protect core data assets. The existing methods rely on the experience of professionals and cannot identify core data assets across business scenarios. This work conducts an empirical study to address this issue. First, we utilized data lineage graphs with expert-labeled core data assets to investigate the experience of data users on core data asset identification from a scenario perspective. Then, we explored the structural features of core data assets on data lineage graphs from an abstraction perspective. Finally, one expert seminar was conducted to derive a set of universal indicators to identify core data assets by synthesizing the results from the two perspectives. User and field studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the indicators.

Control and simulation evaluation have experienced a rapid development during the last few decades [...]

Objective Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) is used to mimic ischemia in vitro to observe whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) after OGD and to better understand the regulatory mechanism of hDPCs in ischemia. Methods hDPCs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM and hypoxia (volume fraction 2% O2) to establish an hDPCs OGD model in vitro, which mimics hDPCs ischemia in vitro. hDPCs were divided into a control group (normal culture) and an experimental group (OGD 0 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h groups). After pretreatment with OGD for 0, 2, 4 and 8 h, hDPC viability was measured by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ER stress markers [splicing x-box binding protein1 (sXBP1), activating transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (chop)]. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ER stress markers [phosphorylated RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER-resident kinase (p-perk) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (p-eIF2α)]. Results Compared with OGD 0 h group, cell viability of hDPCs decreased when exposed to OGD treatment for 2 h, 4 h and 8 h. Compared with the control group, mRNA expressions of ER stress makers (sXBP1, ATF4 and chop) and the protein expressions of ER stress protein markers (p-perk andp-eIF2α) increased in OGD treatment cells after 4 h were higher in OGD cells. The differences were statistically significant (P

Abstract Background Monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) represents a pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of MLR and subsequent MLR when relapse occurred (R-MLR) on prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with ablation. Methods A prospective analysis was conducted on 606 patients with HCC who were treated with TACE combined with local ablation in Beijing You’an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. MLR or R-MLR were stratified according to the optimal cut-off values. The cumulative recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) , and recurrence-death survival (RDS) rates were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportion hazard model and logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen for independent predictive factors for indicating early relapse and long-term prognosis. Results High MLR was significantly associated with relapse, early recurrence, and overall survival. After a median follow-up of 59.4 months, The cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-year RFS rates of low MLR were 74.6%, 43.8%, and 34.0%; while 66.1%, 32.2%, and 22.6% for high group (P

Summary: Lipid metabolism is extensively reprogrammed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is a critical lipid regulator that was unexplored in PDAC. Here, we characterized the existence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with high SCD expression, and revealed them as an unfavorable prognostic factor. Therefore, primary CAFs and pancreatic cancer cells were harvested and genetically labeled. The mixture of CAFs and cancer cells were co-injected into scd−/−; prkdc−/−, or hIGF1/INS-expressing zebrafish to generate patient-derived xenograft models (zPDX). The models were aligned in 3D-printed chips for semi-automatic drug administration and high-throughput scanning. The results showed that chaperoning of the SCD-high CAFs significantly improved the drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells against gemcitabine and cisplatin, while the administration of SCD inhibitors neutralized the protective effect. Our studies revealed the prognostic and therapeutic value of stromal SCD in PDAC, and proposed the application of zPDX model chips for drug testing.

Background A high attrition rate in medical students has exacerbated the physician shortage in China. However, few studies have explored the risk factors of dropout intention in medical postgraduates. This study compared the prevalence of dropout intention and mental distress between medical and non-medical postgraduates in China and investigated risk factors for dropout intention. This study also explored the impact of medical postgraduates’ perception of the Chinese healthcare environment on their mental status and dropout intention.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using online questionnaires from October 2020 to April 2021. Convenience sampling was used to recruit postgraduates in different majors. Outcomes included dropout intention and potential risk factors, including mental distress, quality of life, and fatigue. Medical postgraduates were additionally assessed for healthcare environment satisfaction, burnout, career choice regret, and experiences of workplace violence. A logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the association between dissatisfaction, mental distress, and turnover intention.Results A total of 740 medical and 670 non-medical postgraduates participated in the survey. The rates of depression symptoms (33.8% vs. 39.0%, p

Abstract Background In recent years, there have been frequent reports of gaming disorder in China, with more focus on young people. We developed and psychometrically tested a Gaming Disorder screening scale (i.e., Gaming Disorder Screening Scale - GDSS) for Chinese adolescents and young adults, based on the existing scales and diagnostic criteria, but also considering the development status of China. Methods For testing content and criterion validity, 1747 participants competed the GDSS and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). After 15 days, 400 participants were retested with the scales for to assess test-retest reliability. Besides, 200 game players were interviewed for a diagnosis of gaming disorder. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on the GDSS was 0.93. The test-retest coefficient of 0.79. Principal components analysis identified three factors accounting for 62.4% of the variance; behavior, functioning, cognition and emotion. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit to the data (χ2 /df = 5.581; RMSEA =0.074; TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.928). The overall model fit was significantly good in the measurement invariance tested across genders and different age groups. Based on the clinical interview, the screening cut-off point was determined to be ≥47 (sensitivity 41.4%, specificity 82.3%). Conclusions The GDSS demonstrated good reliability and validity aspects for screening online gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents and young adults.

In this study, a multi-path Vis/NIR spectroscopy system was developed to detect the presence of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) infestations of citrus fruit. Spectra were acquired for 252 citrus fruit, 126 of which were infested. Two hundred and fifty-two spectra were acquired for modeling in their un-infested stage, slightly infested stage, and seriously infested stage. The location of the infestation is unclear, and considering the impact of the light path on the location of the infestation, each citrus fruit was tested in three orientations (i.e., fruit stalks facing upward (A), fruit stalks facing horizontally (B), and fruit stalks facing downward (C)). Classification models based on joint X-Y distance, multiple transmittance calibration, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (SPXY-MSC-CARS-PLS-DA) were developed on the spectra of each light path, and the average spectra of the four light paths was calculated, to compare their performance in infestation classification. The results show the classification result changed with the light path and fruit orientation. The average spectra for each fruit orientation consistently gave better classification results, with overall accuracies of 92.9%, 89.3%, and 90.5% for orientations A, B, and C, respectively. Moreover, the best model had a Kappa value of 0.89, and gave 95.2%, 80.1%, and 100.0% accuracy for un-infested, slightly infested, and seriously infested citrus fruit. Furthermore, the classification results for infested citrus fruits were better when using the average spectra than using the spectrum of each single light path. Therefore, the multi-path Vis/NIR spectroscopy system is conducive to the detection of B. dorsalis infestation in citrus fruits.

Tin sulfide semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been widely investigated for photodetection applications because of their good optical and electrical properties. Herein, we synthesized n-type SnS2 NWs and then fabricated SnS2 NW photodetectors with a ferroelectric polymer side-gate. The strong electric field induced by ferroelectric polymer can effectively suppress the dark current and improve the detectivity in SnS2 NW photodetectors. The photodetectors after polarization depletion exhibit a high photoconductive gain of 4.0 × 105 and a high responsivity of 2.1 × 105 A W−1. Compared with devices without polarization depletion, the detectivity of polarization-depleted photodetectors is improved by at least two orders of magnitude, and the highest detectivity is 1.3 × 1016 Jones. Further, the rise and fall time are 56 and 91 ms respectively, which are about tens of times faster than those without polarization depletion. The device also shows a good spectral response from ultraviolet to near-infrared. This study demonstrates that ferroelectric materials can enhance optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional semiconductors for high-performance photodetectors.

BackgroundChronic mental diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with a high disability rate. Some patients still do not improve their symptoms even with adequate cognitive-behavioral therapy and drug treatment. In the treatment of OCD, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not considered a neuromodulation modality with sufficient evidence.ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to determine the efficacy and associated risk factors of ECT in OCD patients.Materials and methodsThe study included 21 OCD patients who underwent ECT at a high-volume center in China between January 2009 and December 2020. The demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed using descriptive statistics. Based on Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement scale, patients were categorized into response and non-response groups. Clinical and demographic characteristics of two groups of patients were compared.ResultsAn analysis of 21 patients was conducted. In total, 12 patients (57.1%) responded to ECT, 11 patients (52.4%) reported side effects, and an average of 7 ECT sessions were administered. In terms of demographic, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. It is noteworthy that the non-response group reported more depression and schizophrenia related disorders comorbidities than the response group (χ2 = 6.252, P = 0.041).ConclusionThe effectiveness of ECT in treating OCD is limited, especially in patients with refractory symptoms. Comorbidity with other mental disorders may affect the efficacy of ECT.

BackgroundNurses are at high risk for depression and anxiety symptoms after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the network structure of anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese nurses in the late stage of this pandemic.MethodA total of 6,183 nurses were recruited across China from Oct 2020 to Apr 2021 through snowball sampling. We used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7 (GAD-7) to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. We used the Ising model to estimate the network. The index “expected influence” and “bridge expected influence” were applied to determine the central symptoms and bridge symptoms of the anxiety-depression network. We tested the stability and accuracy of the network via the case-dropping procedure and non-parametric bootstrapping procedure.ResultThe network had excellent stability and accuracy. Central symptoms included “restlessness”, “trouble relaxing”, “sad mood”, and “uncontrollable worry”. “Restlessness”, “nervous”, and “suicidal thoughts” served as bridge symptoms.ConclusionRestlessness emerged as the strongest central and bridge symptom in the anxiety-depression network of nurses. Intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in nurses should prioritize this symptom.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and survival of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) -related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing percutaneous thermal ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).MethodsA total of 83 HCV-related HCC patients who were treated with percutaneous thermal ablation combined with TACE were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were collected. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) rates were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess independent risk factors of OS and RFS.Results92.8% patients (77/83) and 96.6% (170/176) tumor lesions achieved complete response (CR) 1 month after all treatment, and 10.8% (9/83) patients had minor complications. The median OS was 60 months (95% confidence interval (CI)= 48.0-72.0), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year cumulative OS rates were 94%, 78.3%, 72.3%, 43.4% and 27.5%, respectively. The cumulative RFS rates at 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year were 74.7%, 49.3%, 30.7% and 25.3%, respectively. Sex (HR =0.529, P=0.048), ablation result (HR=5.824, P=0.000) and Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (HR=2.725, P=0.011) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (HR =2.360, P = 0.005) and tumor number(HR=2.786, P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors for RFS.ConclusionsPercutaneous thermal ablation combined with TACE is a safe and effective treatment for HCV-related HCC. Sex, ablation result and ALBI are significant prognostic factors for OS. AFP and tumor number are significant prognostic factors for RFS.

BackgroundClinical benefits of neoadjuvant Anlotinib for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant Anlotinib plus chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced ESCC.MethodsPatients with locally advanced ESCC were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant Anlotinib combined with chemotherapy (Anlotinib group) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy alone (nCRT group) with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint was the R0 surgical resection rate. Secondary endpoints included postoperative pathologic stage, complete response (CR) rate, and safety. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs) and postoperative complications.ResultsFrom August 2019 to August 2021, 93 patients were assigned to the nCRT or Anlotinib group. Of the 93 patients, 79 underwent MIE and were finally included in the per-protocol set (nCRT group: n=39; Anlotinib group: n=40). The R0 resection rate was 97.4% for nCRT versus 100.0% for Anlotinib group (p>0.05). Compared with the nCRT group, patients in the Anlotinib group had shorter total operation duration (262.2 ± 39.0 vs. 200.7 ± 25.5 min, p=0.010) and less blood loss (161.3 ± 126.7 vs. 52.4 ± 39.3 mL, p0.05). Besides, the incidences of AEs (80.0% vs. 92.3%) and postoperative complications (22.5% vs. 30.8%) were similar between the two groups (all p>0.05).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant Anlotinib plus chemotherapy had a similar safety profile and pathologic response, but better surgical outcomes than nCRT for locally advanced ESCC.

This paper presents a new multi-task neural network, called BsiNet, to delineate agricultural fields from high-resolution satellite images. BsiNet is modified from a Psi-Net by structuring three parallel decoders into a single encoder to improve computational efficiency. BsiNet learns three tasks: a core task for agricultural field identification and two auxiliary tasks for field boundary prediction and distance estimation, corresponding to mask, boundary, and distance tasks, respectively. A spatial group-wise enhancement module is incorporated to improve the identification of small fields. We conducted experiments on a GaoFen1 and three GaoFen2 satellite images collected in Xinjiang, Fujian, Shandong, and Sichuan provinces in China, and compared BsiNet with 13 different neural networks. Our results show that the agricultural fields extracted by BsiNet have the lowest global over-classification (GOC) of 0.062, global under-classification (GUC) of 0.042, and global total errors (GTC) of 0.062 for the Xinjiang dataset. For the Fujian dataset with irregular and complex fields, BsiNet outperformed the second-best method from the Xinjiang dataset analysis, yielding the lowest GTC of 0.291. It also produced satisfactory results on the Shandong and Sichuan datasets. Moreover, BsiNet has fewer parameters and faster computation than existing multi-task models (i.e., Psi-Net and ResUNet-a D7). We conclude that BsiNet can be used successfully in extracting agricultural fields from high-resolution satellite images and can be applied to different field settings.

BACKGROUND The water-soluble fluoride in soil was pretreated by ultrasonic extraction and determined by ion selective electrode. The thermal effect of ultrasonic cavitation can cause the temperature of the extract to rise, and the test result may be unstable, and it cannot truthfully reflect the water-soluble fluorine content in the soil, which causes problems for the monitoring of fluorine in the soil environment. Therefore, how to effectively control the extraction temperature is the focus of this study. OBJECTIVES To select the optimal temperature control method, verify the accuracy of the results, and preliminarily discuss the inevitability of temperature control. METHODS In order to select the optimal temperature control method, the temperature change of the extraction liquid during the extraction using four temperature control methods was recorded: direct ultrasound, adding ice pack, adding ice water and cooling circulating water. In order to verify its reasonableness and validity, the applicable and representative soil active state component analysis standard material was selected as the experimental sample to determine the soil water-soluble fluorine content. To investigate the effect of temperature on the amount of water-soluble fluoride extracted from soil, the pH value of the extracted liquid was determined during the extraction process. RESULTS The results showed that the cooling circulating water temperature control method could effectively control the extraction temperature within 25±2℃. The relative error (8.9%) was significantly less than that of direct ultrasound method (14.1%). The pH value of the extract liquid did not change significantly, and the determination results were stable and reliable. CONCLUSIONS The temperature control method by cooling circulating water has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, accurate and reliable results, suitable for batch sample treatment, and can be widely used in soil environmental fluorine monitoring.

BackgroundThe prognostic benefit of extensive lymphadenectomy remains controversial in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the potential effect of solitary mediastinal (SM) lymph node metastasis and solitary celiac (SC) lymph node metastasis on the short- and long-term outcomes for patients who underwent minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy.MethodsFrom September 2009 to December 2020, a total of 934 cases were diagnosed with ESCC and underwent minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy in our department; 223 cases met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to contrast the postoperative results and long-term survival of Group 1 (SM) and Group 2 (SC). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used on possible predictors of survival.ResultsOne hundred forty-seven patients were available for outcome comparison after PSM. The postoperative results were not significantly different between the two groups. In terms of long-term survival, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 37.6% and 57.3% (p = 0.191) and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 39.7% and 68.4% (p = 0.028) for Group 1 (SM) and Group 2 (SC), respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that body mass index (BMI), pathologic stage (pStage), and SC/SM grouping had significant hazard ratios (HRs), which suggested that SC is associated with better DSS.ConclusionThis cohort study showed that SC lymph node metastasis has a better long-term survival compared with SM lymph node metastasis in esophagectomy of ESCC. The results challenge the current understanding and need confirmation in further research.

Abstract We present a new area law which is associated with the correlator of OPE blocks in higher dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). The area law shows similar behaviour as black hole entropy or geometric entanglement entropy. It includes a leading term which is proportional to the area of the entanglement surface, and a logarithmic subleading term with degree q. We extract the UV cutoff independent coefficients and discuss various properties of the coefficients.

Deadbeat predictive control (DBPC) requires accurate model parameters in its application, therefore it is difficult to use DBPC for surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) with uncertain motor parameters. As a solution, this paper proposes a strategy to obtain the needed parameters, and then uses them to achieve DBPC on SPMSMs whose parameters are unknown. A detailed investigation on parameter sensitivity of DBPC is presented, and attention is paid to different influences between the incremental inductance and the apparent inductance. On this basis, parameter configurations in the DBPC are suggested. And novel current-controller-free self-commissioning schemes are proposed to identify the stator resistance together with the stator inductances under different magnetic saturation levels. Compared with existing commissioning schemes that do not depend on current controllers, solutions for commissioning voltage auto-tuning is provided. So the methods are able to automatically decide the amplitudes of the injected voltage for a given motor, and achieve a controllable current feedback during the commissioning. This brings significant convenience for the inductance identification at a specific saturation level. Moreover, the inverter nonlinearity compensation is not needed but still, identification accuracy can be guaranteed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are confirmed by the achieved DBPC and the corresponding current tracking performances on two different SPMSMs.

We study the (m)-type connected correlation functions of OPE blocks with respect to one spatial region in two dimensional conformal field theory. We find a logarithmic divergence for these correlation functions. We justify the logarithmic behaviour from two different approaches: massless free scalar theory and conformal block. Cutoff independent coefficients are obtained from analytic continuation of conformal blocks. A UV/IR relation has been found in the connected correlation functions. We could derive a formal “first law of thermodynamics” for a subsystem using the deformed reduced density matrix. An area law of the connected correlation function in higher dimensions is also discussed briefly.

BackgroundAlthough many studies have confirmed the prognostic value of preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the association between AFP at baseline (b-AFP), subsequent AFP at relapse (r-AFP), and AFP alteration and overall survival in HCC patients receiving locoregional therapy has rarely been systematically elucidated.Patients and MethodsA total of 583 subjects with newly diagnosis of virus-related HCC who were admitted to Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016 were prospectively enrolled. The influence of b-AFP, subsequent r-AFP, and AFP alteration on relapse and post-recurrence survival were analyzed.ResultsBy the end of follow-up, a total of 431 (73.9%) patients relapsed and 200 (34.3%) died. Patients with positive b-AFP had a 24% increased risk of recurrence compared with those who were negative. Patients with positive r-AFP had a 68% increased risk of death after relapse compared with those who were negative. The cumulative recurrence-death survival (RDS) rates for 1, 3, 5 years in patients with negative r-AFP were 85.6% (184/215), 70.2%(151/215), and 67.4%(145/215), while the corresponding rates were 75.1% (154/205), 51.2% (105/205), and 48.8% (100/205) in those with positive AFP (P

Purpose: As a new category proposed in the International Classification of Diseases (11th Revision) (ICD-11), the reliability and clinical utility of ICD diagnostic guidelines for gaming disorder (GD) in the Chinese population have not been studied. The purpose of this field study is to clarify the reliability, clinical utility, and cultural applicability of ICD diagnostic guidelines for GD in China and its comparability with Internet GD (IGD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5).Methods: Participants included 21 paired clinical raters consisting of seven psychiatrists and 200 gaming players aged from 15 to 18 years with different risk levels of Internet addiction based on the scores of Young's Internet Addiction Test. Each participant received a semi-structured face-to-face interview by paired clinical raters at the same time. Then clinical raters made the diagnosis and filled the clinical utility questionnaire independently according to the diagnostic guidelines for GD in both ICD-11 and DSM-5.Results: The diagnostic consistency coefficient (kappa value) between the paired clinical raters was 0.545 (0.490–0.600, p < 0.001) and 0.622 (0.553–0.691, p < 0.001) for ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines, respectively, for GD. The diagnostic consistency was 0.847 (0.814–0.880, p < 0.001) between GD in ICD-11 and IGD in DSM-5. Meanwhile, 86.7% of responses that agreed with the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for GD provided enough detailed implementation characteristics and showed good overall clinical applicability (86.0%), specificity (94.4%), usefulness (84.1%), and acceptable cultural adaptation (74.8%). GD in ICD-11 was slightly more accepted than IGD in DSM-5 (p < 0.001), while the clinical efficiency of ICD-11 was inferior to that of DSM-5 (p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study indicates that the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for GD have acceptable clinical reliability and high consistency with IGD in DSM-5. Their clinical applicability and cultural adaption are comparable with those of DSM-5. Although the guidelines still need to be adjusted for better implementation in China, this is already a great step committed to reducing the serious consequences caused by excessive gaming behaviors through effective identification and normative diagnosis, especially for adolescents.