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To present an evidence map for explicating research trends and gaps, we systematically review clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and assess the quality of CPGs and consistency of recommendations. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CPG databases, and website of diabetes society to include the CPGs. The basic information, methodological quality, and reporting quality of CPGs, recommendations for DR were exacted by the Excel 2013. Methodological and reporting quality of DR CPGs were evaluated by AGREE II instrument and RIGHT checklist. The bubble plot format of evidence map was made by Excel 2013. Nineteen CPGs proved eligible, which included eight DR CPGs and 11 comprehensive diabetic CPGs. The identified CPGs were of mixed quality and they scored poorly in the rigor of development, applicability domains by AGREE II. Field two (background) had the highest reporting rate (86.31%) and field five (review and quality assurance) obtained the lowest reporting rate (31.58%) among the seven domains of RIGHT checklist. According to the recommendations of CPGs, there were three inconsistencies in the screening of DR, and CPGs recommendations for treatment were consistent on the whole. At the same time, recommendations for laser therapy were not accurate. Some recommendations were not specific and clear in some DR CPGs. This evidence map could collect and evaluate the characteristics of published CPGs, add to our knowledge and promote the development of trustworthy CPGs for DR.摘要: 我们对糖尿病视网膜病变 (diabetic retinopathy, DR) 的临床实践指南 (clinical practice guidelines, CPGs) 进行了系统回顾, 并评估了CPGs的质量和建议的一致性, 旨在呈现一份详细阐述研究趋势和差距的证据图。我们对PubMed、Embase、科学网、CPG数据库和糖尿病协会网进行了文献检索。采用2013版Excel对CPGs的基本信息、方法学质量、报告质量以及DR指南推荐进行整理, 采用评价工具AGREE-II和 RIGHT检查表对DR CPGs的方法学和报告质量进行评估, 采用2013版Excel制作证据图的气泡图。结果表明19个CPGs是合格的, 其中包括8个DR CPGs和11个综合性糖尿病CPGs。这些CPGs质量参差不齐, 在AGREE II的严格的开发和其领域的适用性很低。在RIGHT检查表的七项评估内容中, 第二项 (背景) 的报告率最高 (86.31%), 第五项 (综述和质量保证) 的报告率最低 (31.58%) 。根据CPGs推荐, 在DR的筛查上存在三项不一致, CPGs在治疗方面的推荐总体上是一致的。同时, 激光治疗的建议并不精准。在某些DR CPGs中一些推荐并不明确。这份证据图收集了并且针对已发表的CPGs特征进行了评价, 增加了我们对DR的认识, 促进了DR的CPGs的可靠性的不断进步。.

A novel combined biosorption-precipitation process has been designed and applied to recycle Pb2+ from low concentration lead containing wastewater. Pb2+ was firstly removed selectively from wastewater by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified sugarcane bagasse (SB) fixed-bed column, and then, it was desorbed into the concentrated eluate and recycled by adding chemical precipitant. Adsorption performance of the column and optimum desorption and precipitation condition for Pb2+ were investigated in detail. Results showed that the as-prepared column could efficiently remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution and optimum condition for Pb2+ precipitation in eluate was at pH 3.0 and molar ratio of precipitant to Pb2+ of 5:1 by using Na3PO4 as precipitant. Recovery experiment illustrated that Pb2+ was selectively removed from wastewater containing ions of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, K+, and Na+ through competitive substitution adsorption on the modified SB, and mass ratio of the five metal ions in eluate was 96.8:0.7:0.7:0.7:0.5:0.5. Pb2+ in this concentrated and purified eluate solution was recycled efficiently by adding Na3PO4. The combined method had great potential in application of heavy metal recovery from wastewater.

AIM To assess the methodological and reporting quality of paediatric clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) standard. METHODS We identified all published CPGs through the NGC, and search records were screened in duplicate for inclusion. Two researchers evaluated the methodological and reporting quality of paediatric CPGs using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT standard. STATA version 12.0 and SPSS version 22.0 software were used to analyse the related data. RESULTS A total of 50 paediatric CPGs were included. The scores for all six domains by AGREE II instrument were presented as follows: scope and purpose (85.6 ± 9.59), stakeholder involvement (69.15 ± 19.32), rigour of development (73.19 ± 17.18), clarity of presentation (78.51 ± 14.36), applicability (54.61 ± 22.63) and editorial independence (68.42 ± 13.06). In the seven domains of the RIGHT standard, the reporting rate of the recommendation domain was the lowest (52.86%).The highest reporting rate was the other information domain, which was 68%.There was a high correlation between reporting the completeness of CPGs using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT standard (r = 0.77, P

Compressed sensing theory is a new sampling theory that can sample signal in a below sampling rate than the traditional Nyquist sampling theory. Compressed sensing theory that has given a revolutionary solution is a novel sampling and processing theory under the condition that the signal is sparse or compressible. This paper investigates how to improve the theory of CS and its application in imaging system. According to the properties of wavelet transform sub-bands, an improved compressed sensing algorithm based on the single layer wavelet transform was proposed. Based on the feature that the most information was preserved on the low-pass layer after the wavelet transform, the improved compressed sensing algorithm only measured the low-pass wavelet coefficients of the image but preserving the high-pass wavelet coefficients. The signal can be restricted exactly by using the appropriate reconstruction algorithms. The reconstruction algorithm is the key point that most researchers focus on and significant progress has been made. For the reconstruction, in order to improve the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, increased the iteration layers make sure low-pass wavelet coefficients could be recovered by measurements exactly. Then the image could be reconstructed by using the inverse wavelet transform. Compared the original compressed sensing algorithm, simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm decreased the processed data, signal processed time decreased obviously and the recovered image quality improved to some extent. The PSNR of the proposed algorithm was improved about 2 to 3 dB. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits its superiority over other known CS reconstruction algorithms in the literature at the same measurement rates, while with a faster convergence speed.