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Guilin is a typical representative of karst landform in South China. Because of its unique geographical landform and hydrological environment, Lijiang River Basin has received a certain degree of attention in field of ecology and sustainable development. In order to understand the hot spots, research frontiers and literature overview in the research field of Guilin Lijiang River Basin Ecology and Sustainable Development (GLRBESD), and clarify current and future research directions. Results showed that number of published papers was in a fluctuating upward trend from 1992 to 2022 and from 2011 to 2022, respectively. Work of scholars in this field has been continuously strengthened and deepened, and overall scientific research results show an increasing trend. Research objects and topics are mainly aimed at the water resources, climate and environment of GLRB Landscape ecology and SDGs index construction. Research of GLRBESD published documents has the characteristics of multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary integration. High-frequency keywords in research field focus on ecotourism, ecological restoration and sustainable development, mainly based on the research of ecotourism development. Impact of environmental factor changes and human activities on land use change in different periods is an important research topic. Core research fields of GLRBESD on macro-scale can be divided into ESV and function, ecological compensation and ecotourism, ecological environment and ecological restoration, ecological network and ecological risk assessment, sustainable development. This research provides systematic scientific research basis for enhancing sustainable development ability and ecosystem functions and services of World Natural Heritage Site.

With the rapid development of economic globalization, keeping the global supply chains sustainable is becoming increasingly important in improving supply chain performance and firm value. To fully understand the role of the supply chain relationship, it is necessary to comprehensively assess different characteristics of supply chain partnership in achieving sustainability goals. This study explores the implication of concentrated supply-chain partnership on loan features. Using a sample of Chinese-listed firms, we find that concentrated customer or supplier bases positively influence loan features, including loan size, loan maturity, and loan cost. We propose that concentrated customer and supplier bases influence the loan features through different mediators. Through mediating analysis, concentrated customer bases affect loan features through better corporate governance and lower operational risk, and concentrated supplier bases through lower operational cost and longer accounts payable cycle. The benefit of a concentrated chain partnership is more pronounced when customers or suppliers have a greater certification role, less uncertainty, and stronger geographical advantage. The results are robust to instrumental variable analysis, propensity-matched analysis, and alternative measures of chain partnership concentration. Findings in this study have important implications for understanding the sustainable supply-chain partnership management and loan decisions of banks in an emerging market.

With the widespread application of communication networks in industrial control systems , cyber-attacks bring a huge threat to the networked control system . In this paper, the issue of secure control of nonlinear jump networked systems with false data inject (FDI) attacks is investigated. In order to against the malicious attacks , a reduced-order-asynchronous sliding-mode control (SMC) strategy is proposed. Firstly, in order to damp the effect of nonlinear term and FDI attacks, an asynchronous sliding-mode function is designed, and the resultant sliding-mode dynamics is generated by using the reduced-order method. Then, the stability conditions for the reduced-order sliding-mode dynamics are given, and the sliding-mode parameters are solved by linear matrix inequality technology. Furthermore, the sliding-mode controllers are designed under the situation of the parameters is known or unknown, respectively, and the reachability of the sliding-mode motion is certificated. Finally, two examples are implemented to illustrate the potential of the presented control strategy.

The study of community assembly, or the non-random process of species coming together, can reveal mechanisms that allow species to coexist and maintain their diversity. To investigate the community-building mechanisms behind the assembly of woody plant communities in Pinus massoniana plantations, we found plantations existing in three different climates (northern tropic, central subtropic, and southern subtropic) and at three different successional stages (young, middle-aged, and old-growth) in Guangxi, China. Using field community surveys and sampling, we collected, named, and analyzed a variety of woody plant species, and measured their functional using leaf thickness (LT), tissue density (LTD), area (LA), specific area (SLA), dry matter content (LDMC), nitrogen content per unit mass (LNCmass), potassium content per unit mass (LKCmass), and several other indicators. Using these communities’ functional traits and computer models that generated their likely phylogeny, we were able to elucidate what forces may have driven the development of community-building mechanisms communities in their various climates and successional stages. We found: 1) The functional traits LT, LTD, SLA, LDMC, LNCmass, and LKCmass were likely phylogenetically conserved, while the other traits we measured likely were not. 2) When we based communities’ structures on their functional traits, they were generally consistent their phylogenetic structure in southern and central subtropical plantations, middle-aged plantations in northern tropics and central subtropics, and old-growth plantations in northern tropics. In these communities, their assembly was driven by habitat filtering. 3) Communities in middle-aged and old-growth plantations in southern subtropical Guangxi had functional traits inconsistent with their phylogeny: while their functional traits indicated a tendency to aggregate, their phylogeny indicated a shift from aggregation to dispersion. In these communities, their assembly was driven by habitat filtering and similarity limitation. This information can then be used to enhance the function of ecosystem services and protect biodiversity of communities in Pinus massoniana plantations through tropic and subtropic China.

As an important driving force for China’s economic transformation and upgrading, the problems of financing difficulties and expensive financing for SMEs have become increasingly prominent. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the impact of financial intermediary departments’ risk preference on corporate finance. Under the revised DSGE framework, this paper discusses the impact and stability analysis of commercial banks’ risk preferences on SMEs’ financing. The results show that positive interest rate shocks inhibit commercial banks’ credit to SMEs, and with the increasing weight of commercial banks’ risk preference for default rate, the trend of credit repression will be intensified.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the cultivation time, temperature, and pH value on the yield and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Enterobacter sp. FM-1 (FM-1) and to analyze the Pb2+ adsorption behavior of soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). Maximum EPS production was obtained when the cultivation time, temperature, and pH value were 24 h, 30 °C, and 8.0, respectively. The main components of EPS were proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids, but the different EPS types contained different proportions and specific components. The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of LB-EPS was 2.23 and 1.50 times higher than that of S-EPS and TB-EPS, respectively. After Pb2+ adsorption by LB-EPS, the pH value of the reaction system decreased to the lowest of 5.23, which indicated that LB-EPS contained more functional groups that could release H+, which will help to better adsorb Pb2+ through ion exchange. The three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan-containing substances decreased by 85.5% after Pb2+ adsorption by LB-EPS, which indicated the complexation of tryptophan-containing substances with Pb2+. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) O spectra indicated that the C=O peak from protein amide I of tryptophan-containing substances in LB-EPS was mainly responsible for the complexation of Pb2+. After the adsorption of Pb2+, the proportion of the C=O peak in LB-EPS increased by 33.89%, indicating that the complexation of LB-EPS with Pb2+ was mainly attributed to the O atom in the C=O terminus of protein amide I.

Low-carbon tourism is an important way for the tourism industry to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In order to promote the development of Guilin as a world-class tourism city and ensure the sustainable development of the tourism industry in Guilin, this paper combines the concept of carbon footprint and the theory of life cycle to build a tourists’ carbon footprint life cycle analysis model of Guilin. Taking tourists in Guilin as an example, the composition and changes of tourists’ carbon footprint are dynamically analyzed. The research shows that: (1) The overall tourism carbon footprint of Guilin showed an upward trend during 2011–2019. From 2020 to 2022, due to the impact of COVID-19, Guilin’s tourism carbon footprint has decreased significantly. The per capita carbon footprint of tourism in Guilin showed a downward trend from 2011 to 2022; (2) The order of the size of Guilin’s tourism carbon footprint is tourism transportation > tourism catering > tourism accommodation > tourism activities; (3) From 2011 to 2022, the carbon footprint of tourism transportation in Guilin showed an obvious narrowing state, while the carbon footprint of tourism accommodation, tourism activities, and tourism catering showed an obvious expanding trend. Based on the characteristics of the carbon footprint of Guilin’s tourism and the current situation of the development of Guilin’s tourism, this paper puts forward suggestions on reducing carbon emissions, forms a new tool for evaluating and constructing low-carbon tourism, and provides a scientific basis and practical reference significance for the sustainable development of low-carbon tourism in Guilin.

Supply chain information disclosure is a vital factor for corporate investment efficiency and can signal a corporation’s long-term sustainable development. However, little attention has been paid to its significance. In this paper, we investigate how supply chain information disclosure affects corporate investment decisions. Using a sample of Chinese-listed firms, we find that firms that disclose nonfinancial information are more likely to have a high level of investment efficiency. We also identify the mechanism underlying the effect by examining the mediating effect of financial constraints and agency costs. Increasing a firm’s supply chain information disclosure can improve its investment efficiency by reducing its financial constraints and agency costs. We further find that this positive impact is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and firms located in regions with a high degree of marketization. Our findings imply that supply chain information disclosure plays an important role in corporate investment efficiency and sustainable development. Our study emphasizes the importance of nonfinancial information disclosure, contributing to the literature investigating the role of supply chain management in corporate decision-making on sustainable development.

Biochar is an emerging eco-friendly and high-efficiency heavy metal (HM) adsorbent that exhibits satisfactory HM remediation effects in both water and soil environments. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms and application of biochar in the remediation of combined HM-contaminated environments. Therefore, in the present study, a novel corn straw biochar-loaded calcium-iron layered double hydroxide composite (CaFe-LDH@CSB) was synthesized via the coprecipitation method and applied as a remediation adsorbent to remove HMs in both water and soil environments. The results indicated that the HM adsorption mechanism of CaFe-LDH@CSB in the aquatic phase involved a chemical endothermic adsorption process of functional group-complexed monolayers, dominated by precipitation, ion exchange, complexation and π bond interactions. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) in the aqueous phase reached 24.58, 240.96, 57.57 and 39.35 mg g

Microorganisms have a major influence on soil biogeochemical processes and vegetation establishment. However, their long-term succession patterns and short-term turnover are not well-understood in artificial forest ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stand ages and seasons on soil bacterial community in a chronosequence of Chinese Pinus massoniana plantations, in 3, 19, and 58-year-old plots. Soil physicochemical properties were measured in three stand ages between two seasons (dry-rainy). The soil bacterial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA Illumina HiSeq sequencing. The results showed that soil bacterial community diversity and structure significantly differed among three stand ages, but was not different between two seasons. The diversity of soil bacterial community increased with an increase in stand age. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the three stands. The soil bacterial community structure in all the stands was influenced by soil pH, available phosphorus content, and litter phosphorus content. With the accumulation of available phosphorus, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased, while that of Proteobacteria increased. These shifts suggested that dominant microbial communities transitioned from oligotrophic to copiotrophic with increasing stand age. Extending rotation periods could increase soil bacterial diversity, and in turn help improving soil quality of P. massoniana plantations.

Ammonia oxidizers (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB amoA) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA amoA)) and denitrifiers (encoded by nirS, nirK and nosZ) in the soil nitrogen cycle exist in a variety of natural ecosystems. However, little is known about the contribution of these five N-related functional genes to nitrification and denitrification in the soil profile in severely ecologically degraded areas. Therefore, in the present study, the abundance, diversity and community composition of AOA, AOB, nirS, nirK and nosZ were investigated in the soil profiles of different ecologically degraded areas in the Siding mine. The results indicated that, at the phylum level, the dominant archaea were Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota and the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria. Heavy metal contents had a great impact on AOA amoA, nirS and nirK gene abundances. AOA amoA contributed more during the ammonia oxidation process and was better adapted for survival in heavy metal-contaminated environments. In addition to heavy metals, the soil organic matter (SOM) content and C/N ratio had strong effects on the AOA and AOB community diversity and structure. In addition, variations in the net ammonification and nitrification rates were proportional to AOA amoA abundance along the soil profile. The soil C/N ratio, soil available phosphorus content and soil moisture influenced the denitrification process. Both soil available phosphorus and moisture were more strongly related to nosZ than to nirS and nirK. In addition, nosZ presented a higher correlation with the nosZ/(nirS + nirK) ratio. Moreover, nosZ/(nirS + nirK) was the key functional gene group that drove the major processes for NH

In the present study, field experiments were conducted in Side village, Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China, using four C-BPA application levels (control (0 mg m

Based on the models of ArcGIS10.5, Fragstats 4.2, and InVEST, this research describes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Guilin from three aspects, which are land use change, landscape pattern change, and habitat quality evaluation, and further explores the main driving factors of Guilin’s habitat quality change by using the method of geographic detector evaluation. The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020, the land use type in Guilin City is dominated by forest, accounting for the highest proportion of 77.87%. The forest has decreased significantly, the mutual transformation of forest and cropland is obvious, and the area of impervious has continued to increase. A large amount of cropland is occupied, indicating that human activities were the main factor in land use transformation. From 2000 to 2020, the irregularity of the patch shape of each land use type was deepened, the fragmentation degree was relatively stable, the landscape diversity was enhanced, and the spatial distribution of each patch showed a relatively obvious heterogeneity. From 2000 to 2020, the habitat quality of Guilin City was mainly high-grade and the habitat quality was good, but the overall trend showed a downward trend, and the spatial difference was obvious. From 2000 to 2020, elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), splitting index (SPLIT), and slope were the main factors affecting the habitat quality of Guilin City, among which elevation and NDVI had the most significant effects.

The Yangshuo Section of the Lijiang River Basin (YS of LRB) is the essence of the Guilin landscape in China. The typical karst landforms and changing topography form a unique forest landscape in YS of LRB. In order to reveal the visual quality of itse forest landscape, this research used GIS spatial analysis technology combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the assessment factors were leveled and assigned, and some abstract assessment indicators in the visual quality assessment were quantified. Three primary indicators of forest landscape visual quality (FLVQ) assessment in YS of LRB, including Scenic Quality (SQ), Visual Sensitivity (VS), and Visual Absorption Capability (VAC), are proposed. Visual assessment units are divided based on the watershed, and a process and framework for the comprehensive assessment of FLVQ was established at the watershed scale. The results show that the FLVQ in YS of LRB is generally at a low level. The area percentage of FLVQ at high (13′&11′), medium (9′) and low (7′&5′) levels are 10.95%, 29.67% and 59.38%, respectively. The comprehensive score of FLVQ in the karst area is slightly lower than that in the non-karst area, but the karst area of the units with the highest FLVQ accounts for 99.58% of the FLVQ of karst areas along the Lijiang River distributed in the Lijiang River Scenic Area, greater than that of any other areas. The FLVQ in regions with high vegetation coverage and large topographic changes is relatively higher. Slope, relief amplitude, and vegetation richness directly affect the visual quality of forest landscape. Under the influence of local scenic area protection policies and relatively stable natural climate, the FLVQ in YS of LRB has maintained a stable level in the past 20 years. The areas with low FLVQ are mainly cultivated land and construction land, which have low vegetation coverage and no obvious change in terrain. Based on the comprehensive assessment results of FLVQ in YS of LRB, the management goals and future development suitability of forest landscape is discussed. This research proposes appropriate construction and management strategies for forest landscape structures. The results are helpful for providing a scientific research basis for forest landscape resource conservation, landscape site selection, and forest ecotourism development in the Karst landscape area. The impact of human disturbance on the forest landscape fragmentation and the growth characteristics of forests under different landforms are the focus of future FLVQ research on similar areas.

We use a new method of matrix decomposition for r -circulant matrix to get the determinants of A n = Circ r F 1 , F 2 , … , F n and B n = Circ r L 1 , L 2 , … , L n , where F n is the Fibonacci numbers and L n is the Lucas numbers. Based on these determinants and the nonsingular conditions, inverse matrices are derived. The expressions of the determinants and inverse matrices are represented by Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers. In this study, the formulas of determinants and inverse matrices are much simpler and concise for programming and reduce the computational time.

The current study evaluated the effects of oxalic acid (OA) application on the growth and Mn phytoremediation efficiency of Polygonum pubescens Blume cultivated in three different manganese (Mn)-contaminated soils sampled from an unexplored area (US), an explored area (ES) and a tailing area (TS) of the Ertang Mn mine, South China. The supplied levels of OA were 0 (control), 1 (low level), 3 (medium level), and 9 (high level) mmol/kg, referred to as CK, OA1, OA3 and OA9, respectively. The results revealed that the average water-extractable Mn concentrations US, ES and TS amended with OA increased by 214.13, 363.77 and 266.85%, respectively. All OA supply levels increased plant growth and Mn concentrations in US. The low OA supply level increased plant growth in ES and TS; however, contrasting results were found for the medium and high OA supply levels. Plant Mn concentrations and total Mn increased in ES and TS in response to all OA supply levels. Total Mn in the aerial parts increased by 81.18, 44.17 and 83.17% in US, ES and TS, respectively; the corresponding percentages for the whole plants were 81.53, 108.98 and 77.91%, respectively. The rate of ·O2− production and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations increased in response to OA amendment, especially the medium and high OA supply levels in ES and TS. In general, antioxidant enzymes might play a vital role in alleviating Mn stress in plants cultivated in US, while non-enzymatic antioxidants might be the main factor for plants cultivated in ES and TS.

phoD-harboring microorganisms facilitate mineralization of organic phosphorus (P), while their role in the regulation of soil P turnover under P-limited conditions in Pinus massoniana plantations is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stand age and season on soil P fractions and phoD-harboring microorganism communities in a chronosequence of Chinese P. massoniana plantations including 3, 19, and 58 years. The soil P fractions (i.e., CaCl2-P, citrate-P, enzyme-P, and HCl-P) varied seasonally, with the higher values observed in the rainy season. The concentrations of the fractions were higher in old plantation (OP) soils and lower in young planation (YP) soils in both seasons. The OTU abundances were negatively correlated with total available P concentration, while were positively correlated with alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) activity at 0–10 cm soil depth. The results indicate that phoD-harboring microorganisms have great potential to mineralize organic P under P-poor conditions and highlights those microorganisms are indicators of P bioavailability in P. massoniana plantations.

Canonical ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and complete-nitrifying bacteria (comammox) exist in a variety of ecosystems. However, little is known about AOA, AOB and comammox or their contributions to nitrification in the soils of heavily degraded and acidic mine regions. In the present study, the activity, richness, diversity and distribution patterns of AOA, AOB and comammox in the Siding mine area were investigated. Nemerow's multifactor pollution index (PN) values indicated that the soil in all three areas in the Siding mine area was highly contaminated by Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu. The AOA, AOB and comammox amoA gene copy numbers exhibited significant positive correlations with Pb and Zn levels and PN values, which indicated that the populations of AOA, AOB and comammox underwent adaptation and reproduction in response to pollution from multiple metals in the Siding mine area. Among them, the abundance of AOA was the highest, and AOA may survive better than AOB and comammox under such severely pollution-stressed and ammonia-limited conditions. The phyla Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota may play vital roles in the soil ammonia oxidation process. Unlike AOA, AOB may use soil available phosphorus to help them compete for NH3 and other limiting nutrients with AOA and heterotrophs. Moreover, soil organic matter was the main factor influencing the species diversity of AOB, the β-diversity of AOB and comammox, and the community composition of AOA, AOB and comammox. Our research will help to explain the role and importance of AOA, AOB and comammox in the different ecological restoration regions in the Siding mine area.

We extend the self-exciting model by assuming that the temporary market impact is nonlinear and the coefficient of the temporary market impact is an exponential function. Through optimal control method, the optimal strategy satisfies the second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The specific form of the optimal strategy is given, and the decreasing property of the optimal strategy is proved. A numerical example is given to illustrate the financial implications of the model parameter changes. We find that the optimal strategy of a risk-neutral investor changes with time and investment environment.

In the operation and management of the company, major customers may affect a supplier firm’s level of governance. The goal of our study is investigating whether a major customer acts as an important role in corporate governance in emerging markets and exposing the mechanism that how major customers affect corporate decision-making. There is a growing body of literature involving studies about the effect of customer concentration on firm performance of western countries. Few studies have recognized to what degree does customer concentration satisfy the sustainable development of supplier firm. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we found a nonlinear relationship between customer concentration and risk-taking, corporate policies and firm performance. Evidence shows that the effect of customer concentration in China resembles an inverted U-shaped curve and major customers are crucial in financial and investment policies. Our results help to provide a broader perspective on the role of major customers, giving a deep explanation about the role of customer concentration in corporate governance.

Equilibrium problems and variational inequalities are connected to the symmetry concepts, which play important roles in many fields of sciences. Some new preinvex functions, which are called generalized preinvex functions, with the bifunction ζ(.,.) and an arbitrary function k, are introduced and studied. Under the normed spaces, new parallelograms laws are taken as an application of the generalized preinvex functions. The equilibrium-like problems are represented as the minimum values of generalized preinvex functions under the kζ-invex sets. Some new inertial methods are proposed and researched to solve the higher order directional equilibrium-like problem, Convergence criteria of the our methods is discussed, along with some unresolved issues.