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Abstract Background The use of gastrointestinal disease multiplex polymerase chain reaction (GI PCR) testing has become common for suspected gastrointestinal infection. Patients often test positive for multiple pathogens simultaneously through GI PCR, although the clinical significance of this is uncertain. Methods This retrospective cohort study investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with detection of multiple (as opposed to single) pathogens on GI PCR. We included adult patients who underwent GI PCR testing from 2020 to 2023 and had one or more pathogens detected. We compared patients with multiple versus those with single pathogens and hypothesized that immunosuppression would be a risk factor for detection of multiple pathogens. We further hypothesized that, during the 90 days after GI PCR testing, patients with multiple pathogens would have worse clinical outcomes such as increased rates of emergency department (ED) visits, death, hospitalization, or ambulatory care visits. Results GI PCR was positive in 1341 (29%) of tested patients; 356 patients had multiple pathogens and 985 had one pathogen. The most common pathogens included Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC, 27%), norovirus (17%), and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC, 14%) in both multi- and singly positive patients. Immunosuppression was not associated with multiple pathogens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% CI 0.96, 1.86). The factors most associated with multiple pathogens were Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.42, 2.45) and chronic kidney disease (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13, 2.49). Patients with multiple pathogens were more likely to have ED visits during the 90 days after GI PCR testing (40% vs. 32%, p

Under the influence of multiple mining influences, the mining pressure is more intense and the surrounding rock deformation is large, which is easy to cause the surrounding rock instability of gob-side entry retaining in fully mechanized mining face. In order to study the surrounding rock control problem of gob-side entry retaining in large mining height working face, taking 1313 working face retaining roadway as the research background, the movement characteristics of surrounding rock of gob-side entry retaining roadway were analyzed through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, on-site practice, and other methods. The “support unloading balance” coordinated control technology for roadway surrounding rock was proposed, which strengthened the support strength of roadway surrounding rock and improved the stress environment of roadway surrounding rock. It was verified through on-site engineering practice. The deformation of the top and bottom of the roadway in a mine 1313 working face is 246 mm, and the deformation of the two sides is 442 mm. There is no obvious bulging phenomenon on the surface of the roadway, and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway meets the relevant regulations of the operation regulations.

AbstractLung cancer is a dangerous disease that is lacking in an ideal therapy. Here, we evaluated the anti-lung cancer effect in nude mice of a fully human single-chain antibody (scFv) against the associated antigen 7 transmembrane receptor (Ts7TMR), which is also called G protein-coupled receptor, between A549 cells and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). Our data showed that anti-Ts7TMR scFv could inhibit lung cancer growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a tumour inhibition rate of 59.1%. HE staining did not reveal any obvious tissue damage. Mechanistically, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the scFv down-regulated the expression of PCNA and VEGF in tumour tissues. Overall, this study found that anti-Ts7TMR scFv could inhibit A549 lung cancer growth by suppressing cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which may provide a new strategy for treating lung cancer.

The refinement of bainitic ferrite laths is one of the most critical ways to improve the combination of strength and ductility. However, low-temperature bainitic transformations in the microstructural evolution of carbide-free bainite in high-carbon steels cause challenges for both the manufacture of coils and their application in car bodies. In this study, deformation-induced bainite refinement was proposed for refining bainite and retained austenite laths using a combination of ausforming and austempering in low-carbon low-alloy steel. The deformed austenite supplied more nucleation sites for bainitic transformation and suppressed the thickening of the bainitic ferrite laths by strengthening the surrounding untransformed austenite. A tensile strength of 1283 MPa and total elongation of 23.6% were obtained in the steel with an ausforming strain of 40% before austempering. The significant increase in strength was mainly attributed to the refinement of the bainitic ferrite laths and the high accumulation of dislocations within both the bainitic ferrite and retained austenite. The more stable retained austenite improved the sustainable work-hardening capability via the continuous transformation-induced plasticity effect.

Abstract Hindlimb ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) is among the most prominent pathophysiological conditions observed in peripheral artery disease (PAD). An exaggerated arterial blood pressure (BP) response during exercise is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with PAD. However, the precise mechanisms leading to this exaggerated BP response are poorly elucidated. The P2X3 signalling pathway, which plays a key role in modifying the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), is the focus of the present study. We determined the regulatory role of P2X3 on the EPR in a rat model of hindlimb IR. In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to determine the expression and functions of P2X3 in muscle afferent nerves and EPR in IR rats. We found that in IR rats there was (1) upregulation of P2X3 protein expression in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG); (2) amplified P2X currents in isolated isolectin B4 (IB4)‐positive muscle DRG neurons; and (3) amplification of the P2X‐mediated BP response. We further verified that both A‐317491 and siRNA knockdown of P2X3 significantly decreased the activity of P2X currents in isolated muscle DRG neurons. Moreover, inhibition of muscle afferents’ P2X3 receptor using A‐317491 was observed to alleviate the exaggerated BP response induced by static muscle contraction and P2X‐induced BP response by α,β‐methylene ATP injection. P2X3 signalling pathway activity is amplified in muscle afferent DRG neurons in regulating the EPR following hindlimb IR.

Crustacean products are popular for its rich nutritional value, despite causing serious allergy symptoms. The presence of allergens is one of the main factors restricting the further development of the consumer market of crustacean products. The Maillard reaction widely exists in the processing and storage of aquatic products and can affect the allergenicity of foods. This review systematically introduces readers to the Maillard reaction, and summarizes the recent progress in research on the structure and epitopes of crustacean allergens. More importantly, it reviews the changes in the allergenicity of crustacean allergens after Maillard reaction and the underlying mechanism. It is our hope that this paper will provide a reference for controlling and reducing the allergenicity of crustacean products by Maillard reaction.

Abstract Background Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) can improve gait posture and walking ability in post-stroke patients. However, the effect of AFO on gait parameters in post-stroke patients according to the Brunnstrom stage of stroke recovery of the lower limbs remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate whether stroke patients with different Brunnstrom stages benefit from wearing AFO. Methods Twenty-five post-stroke participants included 18 men (50 ± 13 years) and 7 women (60 ± 15 years). The patients were divided based on Brunnstrom stage III or IV of the lower limbs. All patients underwent the gait and timed up and go (TUG) test using a gait analysis system while walking barefoot or with an AFO. The spatiotemporal and asymmetric parameters were analyzed. Results All 25 patients completed the study. Significant differences were observed between barefoot and AFO use in TUG time (P 0.05). The main effect of the swing time ratio was significant in both groups (P 0.05). For barefoot versus AFO, the main effects of stride length (P 0.05). Conclusions Post-stroke patients with lower Brunnstrom stages benefitted more from AFO, particularly in gait asymmetry.

Abstract Sepsis is recognized as a major contributor to the global disease burden, but there is a lack of specific and effective therapeutic agents. Utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) methods alongside evidence of causal genetics presents a chance to discover novel targets for therapeutic intervention. MR approach was employed to investigate potential drug targets for sepsis. Pooled statistics from IEU-B-4980 comprising 11,643 cases and 474,841 controls were initially utilized, and the findings were subsequently replicated in the IEU-B-69 (10,154 cases and 454,764 controls). Causal associations were then validated through colocalization. Furthermore, a range of sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger intercept tests and Cochran's Q tests, were conducted to evaluate the outcomes of the MR analyses. Three drug targets (PSMA4, IFNAR2, and LY9) exhibited noteworthy MR outcomes in two separate datasets. Notably, PSMA4 demonstrated not only an elevated susceptibility to sepsis (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.20–1.45, p = 1.66E−08) but also exhibited a robust colocalization with sepsis (PPH4 = 0.74). According to the present MR analysis, PSMA4 emerges as a highly encouraging pharmaceutical target for addressing sepsis. Suppression of PSMA4 could potentially decrease the likelihood of sepsis.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) not only affects newborns but also older adults, contributing to a substantial worldwide burden of disease. However, only three approved hRSV vaccines remain commercially available to date. The development of a safe, practical and broad-spectrum vaccine suitable for all age groups remains extremely challenging. Using five different approaches—live-attenuated, recombinant-vector, subunit, particle-based, and mRNA—nearly 30 hRSV vaccine candidates are currently conducting clinical trials worldwide; moreover, > 30 vaccines are under preclinical evaluation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of these hRSV vaccines along with prospects for the development of infectious disease vaccines in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

The rationality of structure parameters of the blade-type screw steel pipe pile is the major factor in determining the safety, applicability, and economy of a pile foundation, but the existing design methods have not defined the specific approaches to calculating structure parameters of blades and steel pipes. To address this issue, an analysis of the strength theory was performed on spatial helical blades, revealing the ratio of blade width to steel pipe radius as the core index to do the structure parameters design of blade-type screw steel pipe pile and established a mathematical calculation model between the vertical bearing capacity of single pile and a. The rational value of a is 2.0–3.0 using numerical calculation. The correlation between blade thickness and wall thickness of steel pipes was determined using the force analysis based on the synergy between blades and steel pipes. Then the structure parameters design method of blade-type screw steel pipe pile with coordinated parameters was proposed. The rationality and superiority of this design method were verified by comparing the existing test data and the finite element simulative analysis. Based on this design method and the current specifications, such as the Technical Code for Building Pile Foundations, a safe, applicable, and economical optimization design method and flow of blade-type screw steel pipe piles were further proposed for engineering design reference.

Shale reservoirs generally contain water that has a significant impact on shale gas adsorption behavior and geological reserve evaluation. In order to explore the influence of water content on gas adsorption behavior in shale, an adsorption model considering the influence of water content was established, the rationality of the new model was verified by combining several sets of experimental data, and gas adsorption behavior in water-bearing shale was further analyzed. On this basis, the contribution of different adsorption mechanisms to the isothermal adsorption of methane in shale was discussed, and the thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption in dry and wet shale were compared by thermodynamic parameters. The results shown that, the methane adsorption amount shown a typical “three-stage” change in the process of gas pressure change. Among them, water has an inhibitory effect on methane adsorption capacity, gas adsorption capacity in water-bearing shale was significantly lower than that in dry shale, and gas adsorption capacity decreased with the increasing water content. In addition, temperature also inhibited methane adsorption, and gas adsorption capacity in shale decreased with the increasing temperature when the water content was constant. At the same time, the contribution of different adsorption mechanisms to adsorption capacity was affected by the combination of water and pressure. The higher the pressure and water content, the lower the contribution of microporous filled adsorption to the total adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that methane adsorption in both dry and water-bearing shale was physical adsorption, and the isosteric adsorption heat in dry shale was always higher than that in water-bearing shale under the same adsorption capacity. Water occupied high-energy adsorption sites and affected intermolecular forces by altering shale heterogeneity, which combined to reduce isosteric adsorption heat and hence gas adsorption capacity in water-bearing shale. The research results contributed to the accurate calculation of gas adsorption capacity in shale, and provided a theoretical basis for the development programme and compilation of shale gas reservoirs.

A joint policy of quality control, condition-based maintenance and spare ordering is proposed for a degradation system subject to the delay time concept. First, considering the fact that product quality is largely dependent on system state, a two-stage inspection policy is proposed, in which the system state is detected during the initial deterioration process, but the product quality is checked after the defective state is found by an inspection. Then, based on the condition inspection information, quality information and failure information, the corresponding maintenance activity is chosen. Combining the state of the spare part when the system replacement is required, all possible events during an inspection interval are discussed and then a mathematical model of average cost rate is established. Afterwards, a simulation-based optimization approach coupling discrete event simulation and response surface methodology is devised to obtain a near optimal joint policy. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed policy by comparing it with the comparative policy.

ObjectiveIn order to realize formation control for multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) subject to practical needs, a distributed event-triggered formation control method for multiple USVs is proposed which is capable of ensuring collision avoidance and connectivity preservation. MethodsConsidering the disturbances caused by marine environments and the uncertainties of system models, a disturbance observer is designed. Aiming to avoid potential collisions and the loss of connectivity among USVs during the process of realizing the desired formations, artificial potential field functions are utilized to design a controller with collision avoidance and connectivity preservation abilities. To reduce the frequency of control updates, a distributed event-triggering mechanism is designed for each USV, enabling it to determine the execution time of its own control input based on local information. ResultsTheoretical analysis proves the uniform ultimate boundedness of formation errors, and the event-triggered mechanism does not display Zeno behaviors. The simulation results validate that the proposed control method can significantly reduce the number of controller updates and prevent collisions among USVs while maintaining their connectivity.ConclusionThe results of this study can help to ensure the safe formation control of USVs and reduce the wear and tear of control devices.

Abstract Background Assessing the efficacy and safety of Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) in treating deep incision infections (DII) following posterior cervical internal fixation. Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical effects of VSD and Traditional Negative Pressure Drainage (TND) on 12 patients with deep incision infection after posterior cervical fixation surgery who were treated in our department from 2012 to 2020. A comparison of patient-related factors (age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, initial internal fixation surgery segment, preoperative laboratory inflammation indicators) and surgical-related factors (postoperative duration of fever, positive rate of drainage fluid bacterial culture, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 3 days after surgery, laboratory indicators at 3 days after surgery, debridement frequency and drainage time, hospital stay, internal fixation retention rate, and infection recurrence rate) between the VSD group and the TND group was conducted using independent sample t tests to draw experimental conclusions. Results This study included 12 patients, with six cases of VSD (5 males and 1 female) and six cases of TND (4 males and 2 females). The VSD group had significantly lower postoperative fever time (1.50 ± 0.46 days vs. 4.28 ± 0.97 days, P

[Objective] In water-rich rock stratum regions, preventing confined aquifer inrush accidents is a key focus and challenge in the design and construction of deep foundation pit projects. Accurately and effectively determining the critical thickness of foundation pit bottom plate is crucial in preventing confined aquifer inrush accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct stability study on foundation pit bottom plate inrush damage problem in confined aquifer. [Method] Based on the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and considering the influence of various strength parameters and the heterogeneity characteristics of soil layers, a mechanical analysis model for foundation pit bottom plate inrush damage is established. Using the limit equilibrium method, a safety factor calculation formula for bottom plate inrush stability considering the inherent strength of soil layers is proposed. The calculation method for inrush damage in the current technical specifications for foundation pit support is modified. Taking the foundation pit of a utility tunnel project in soft soil layers in Jinan as example, the effectiveness of the proposed modified calculation formula for pit bottom plate inrush stability is validated. Additionally, variations in the safety factor of bottom plate inrush stability under the influence of different soil strength parameters, impermeable layer thickness, and confined water pressure are analyzed. [Result & Conclusion] With the increase in soil cohesion, heterogeneity constant, density, and impermeable layer thickness, the safety factor of pit bottom plate inrush stability continuously increases. Conversely, as the soil nonlinear coefficient, confined water pressure, and foundation pit width increase, the safety factor of pit bottom plate inrush stability continuously decreases. The calculated values of the inrush safety factors considering the influence of soil inherent strength parameters, are generally greater than the values obtained using the current calculation method in the technical specifications for foundation support. The verification using the proposed modified inrush stability calculation formula is more economical.

Ultraviolet (UV) networks, owing to their advantages of low eavesdropping rates, low background noise, strong anti-interference abilities, and non–line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, have high prospects for application in the complex electromagnetic environment. In this study, UV network coverage was systematically evaluated based on the NLOS channel. Combined with a designed node model and a specific communication mode, a two-dimensional network coverage model was established and expressions of network coverage area and connectivity were derived mathematically. Subsequently, the effects of the transceiver elevation combination, number of nodes, data rate, and transmission power on the network coverage performance were analyzed, and the communication parameters were optimized to match different network scenarios. The results show that the bigger the transceiver elevation combination, the more stringent the communication parameters required by the UV network coverage. Finally, a coverage evaluation experiment with four-node network was conducted. This study provides theoretical reference information for actual network deployment.

SARS-CoV-2 has been evolving into a large number of variants, including the highly pathogenic Delta variant, and the currently prevalent Omicron subvariants with extensive evasion capability, which raises an urgent need to develop new broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we engineer two IgG-(scFv)2 form bispecific antibodies with overlapping epitopes (bsAb1) or non-overlapping epitopes (bsAb2). Both bsAbs are significantly superior to the parental monoclonal antibodies in terms of their antigen-binding and virus-neutralizing activities against all tested circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants including currently dominant JN.1. The bsAb1 can efficiently neutralize all variants insensitive to parental monoclonal antibodies or the cocktail with IC50 lower than 20 ng/mL, even slightly better than bsAb2. Furthermore, the cryo-EM structures of bsAb1 in complex with the Omicron spike protein revealed that bsAb1 with overlapping epitopes effectively locked the S protein, which accounts for its conserved neutralization against Omicron variants. The bispecific antibody strategy engineered from overlapping epitopes provides a novel solution for dealing with viral immune evasion.

ABSTRACTType I interferons (IFN-Is) have key roles in immune defense and treatments for various diseases, including chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. All IFN-Is signal through a shared IFN-I heterodimeric receptor complex comprising IFN-α receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 subunits, but differences in antiviral and immunomodulatory responses among IFN-I subtypes remain largely unknown. Because the IFN-IFNAR interactions are species-specific, mice exhibit weak responses to human IFN-I. To more fully characterize the actions of human IFN-α and its subtypes in vivo, a gene targeting strategy was employed to generate gene knock-in mice with extracellular-humanized IFNAR1/2 (IFNAR-hEC) in the C57BL/6N strain. IFNAR-hEC mice actively responded to human IFN-I, and endogenous mouse IFN-I signalling remained active in heterozygous mice (IfnarhEC/+). Analyses of IFNAR-hEC mice and isolated cells showed that human IFN-α2 and α14 subtypes exerted differential effect on the activation of JAK-STAT signalling and immune responses. Compared with IFN-α2, IFN-α14 induced greater activation of STAT1/2 and IFN-stimulated genes, synergistically elicited IFN-α and -γ signalling, and induced higher numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Moreover, IFNAR-hEC mice with HBV replication displayed long-term viral suppression upon treatment with the clinically-used PEGylated hIFN-α2. These results indicate that IFNAR-hEC mice may be useful for elucidating antiviral and immunomodulatory functions of human IFN-Is and for conducting preclinical studies. A better understanding of the distinct activities of IFN-α subtypes can provide insights concerning the development of improved IFN-based therapy.

Background: To observe the activation strategies of the ankle muscles using surface electromyography (sEMG) during single-leg standing (SLS) and both-leg standing (BLS) on flat ground (FG), soft mat (SM), and BOSU ball (BB) surfaces. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults participated in the study. The muscle activities of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius medial (GM) were measured on the three surfaces during SLS and BLS. Electromyographic evaluations of the TA and GM were recorded during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). Muscle activation was evaluated using MVIC%, and muscle co-contraction was evaluated using the co-contraction index (CI). Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in the MVIC% of the TA, GM, and CI on the three surfaces during SLS compared to BLS, except for the comparison of CI on BB between SLS and BLS (t = −1.35, p = 0.19). The MVIC% of the TA and GM during SLS and BLS on BB was significantly increased in comparison with FG and SM. The CI during BLS on BB increased compared to FG (t = 3.19, p < 0.01) and SM (t = 4.64, p < 0.01). The CI during BLS on SM (t = −1.46, p = 0.15) decreased when compared to FG but without statistical significance. Conclusions: SLS and unstable surfaces can induce greater muscle activation, and SLS can have a greater influence on ankle muscles.

Abstract In the quest for optimizing biodegradable implants, the exploration of piezoelectric materials stands at the forefront of biomedical engineering research. Traditional piezoelectric materials often suffer from limitations in biocompatibility and biodegradability, significantly impeding their in vivo study and further biomedical application. By leveraging molecular engineering and structural design, a recent innovative approach transcends the conventional piezoelectric limits of the molecules designed for biodegradable implants. The biodegradable molecular piezoelectric implants may open new avenues for their applications in bioenergy harvesting/sensing, implanted electronics, transient medical devices and tissue regeneration.

Abstract Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) can predict the prognosis and sensitivity of tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, whether it can be noninvasively predicted by radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma with liver transplantation (HCC‐LT) has not been explored. In this study, it is found that intra‐tumoral TLS abundance is significantly correlated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Tumor tissues with TLS are characterized by inflammatory signatures and high infiltration of antitumor immune cells, while those without TLS exhibit uncontrolled cell cycle progression and activated mTOR signaling by bulk and single‐cell RNA‐seq analyses. The regulators involved in mTOR signaling (RHEB and LAMTOR4) and S‐phase (RFC2, PSMC2, and ORC5) are highly expressed in HCC with low TLS. In addition, the largest cohort of HCC patients is studied with available radiomics data, and a classifier is built to detect the presence of TLS in a non‐invasive manner. The classifier demonstrates remarkable performance in predicting intra‐tumoral TLS abundance in both training and test sets, achieving areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 92.9% and 90.2% respectively. In summary, the absence of intra‐tumoral TLS abundance is associated with mTOR signaling activation and uncontrolled cell cycle progression in tumor cells, indicating unfavorable prognosis in HCC‐LT.

(1) Studying the dynamic correlation between land use and the eco-environment in the Dianchi Basin is important for improving the basin's spatial layout and enhancing ecological development and conservation; (2) Through dynamic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of land use, the introduction of ecological and environmental quality index, and the use of FLUS models, the impacts on eco-environments in the Dianchi Basin for the recent 20 years were analyzed; (3) The past two decades witnessed a constant increase in the construction land in the Dianchi Basin and a decline in the farmland at an average annual rate of 0.93 %; The utilization level of land in the Dianchi Basin presented a negative correlation with the quality of the area's eco-environment, which reduces first and then increases; When natural production becomes a priority, both the construction land and farmland have witnessed growth. However, when ecological protection becomes a priority, it is projected that by 2035, the Dianchi Basin will achieve its highest eco-environmental quality index; (4) Studying how the change of land use types affects eco-environment is crucial for optimizing the current allocation of land resources and promoting sustainable development in the basin.

As a waterless fracturing fluids for gas shale stimulation with low viscosity and strong diffusibility, supercritical CO2 is promising than the water by avoiding the clay hydration expansion and reducing reservoir damage. The permeability evolution influenced by the changes of the temperature and stress is the key to gas extraction in deep buried shale reservoirs. Thus, the study focuses on the coupling influence of effective stress, temperature, and CO2 adsorption expansion effects on the seepage characteristics of Silurian Longmaxi shale fractured by supercritical CO2. The results show that when the gas pressure is 1–3 MPa, the permeability decreases significantly with the increase in gas pressure, and the Klinkenberg effects plays a predominant role at this stage. When the gas pressure is 3–5 MPa, the permeability increases with the increase in gas pressure, and the influence of effective stress on permeability is dominant. The permeability decreases exponentially with the increase in effective stress. The permeability of shale after the adsorption of CO2 gas is significantly lower than that of before adsorption; the permeability decreases with the increase in temperature at 305.15 K–321.15 K, and with the increase in temperature, the permeability sensitivity to the temperature decreases. The permeability is closely related to supercritical CO2 injection pressure and volume stress; when the injection pressure of supercritical CO2 is constant, the permeability decreases with the increase in volume stress. The results can be used for the dynamic prediction of reservoir permeability and gas extraction in CO2-enhanced shale gas development.

Objectives: To establish a novel deep learning networks (MSF-MPTnet) based on panoramic radiographs (PRs) for automatic assessment of relationship between maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and maxillary posterior teeth (MPT), and to compare accuracy of MSF-MPTnet, dentists and radiologists identifying contact relationship. Study design: A total of 1035 PRs and 1035 Cone-beam computed tomographys （CBCT）images were collected from January 2018 to April 2022. The relationships were classified into class I and II by CBCT. Class I represents non-contact group, and class II represents contact group. 350 PRs were randomly selected as test dataset and accuracy of MSF-MPTnet, dentists, and radiologists was compared. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient of dentists was 0.460–0.690 and it was 0.453–0.664 for radiologists. Sensitivity and accuracy of MSF-MPTnet were 0.682–0.852and 0.890–0.951, indicating that the output performance of MSF-MPTnet was reliable. Accuracy of maxillary premolars and molars were 79.7%–90.3 %, 76.2%–89.2 % and 72.9%–88.3 % in MSF-MPTnet model, dentists and radiologists. Accuracy of class I relationship in the MSF-MPTnet model (67.7%–94.6 %) was higher than that of dentists (56.5%–84.6 %) in maxillary first premolars and right second premolar, and accuracy of class I relationship in the MSF-MPTnet model is also higher than radiologists (40.0%–78.1 %) in all teeth positions (p

Abstract Surface modification is an important approach to improve osseointegration of the endosseous implants, however it is still desirable to develop a facile yet efficient coating strategy. Herein, a metal–phenolic network (MPN) is proposed as a multifunctional nanocoating on titanium (Ti) implants for enhanced osseointegration through early immunomodulation. With tannic acid (TA) and Sr2+ self‐assembled on Ti substrates, the MPN coatings provided a bioactive interface, which can facilitate the initial adhesion and recruitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and polarize macrophage toward M2 phenotype. Furthermore, the TA‐Sr coatings accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo evaluations further confirmed the enhanced osseointegration of TA‐Sr modified implants via generating a favorable osteoimmune microenvironment. In general, these results suggest that TA‐Sr MPN nanocoating is a promising strategy for achieving better and faster osseointegration of bone implants, which can be easily utilized in future clinical applications.

Plant synthetic biology research requires diverse bioparts that facilitate the redesign and construction of new-to-nature biological devices or systems in plants. Limited by few well-characterized bioparts for plant chassis, the development of plant synthetic biology lags behind that of its microbial counterpart. Here, we constructed a web-based Plant Synthetic BioDatabase (PSBD), which currently categorizes 1677 catalytic bioparts and 384 regulatory elements and provides information on 309 species and 850 chemicals. Online bioinformatics tools including local BLAST, chem similarity, phylogenetic analysis, and visual strength are provided to assist with the rational design of genetic circuits for manipulation of gene expression in planta. We demonstrated the utility of the PSBD by functionally characterizing taxadiene synthase 2 and its quantitative regulation in tobacco leaves. More powerful synthetic devices were then assembled to amplify the transcriptional signals, enabling enhanced expression of flavivirus non-structure 1 proteins in plants. The PSBD is expected to be an integrative and user-centered platform that provides a one-stop service for diverse applications in plant synthetic biology research.

To address the situation that the degraded system cannot be repaired as new and the degradation is accelerated after repair in engineering practice, an imperfect condition-based maintenance model is proposed based on the Gamma process by introducing the maintenance improvement factor and the accelerated degradation factor. The maintenance improvement factor describes the recovery degree of the degradation amount after imperfect maintenance, then gives a quantitative representation method of the system maintenance improvement effect and the determination method of the maximum number of imperfect maintenance. The accelerated degradation factor is combined with the geometric process to describe the accelerated degradation process of the system after imperfect maintenance. The Monte Carlo method is used to determine the optimal number of imperfect preventive maintenance decisions. Through the demonstration of calculation examples, the influence of accelerated degradation factor and maintenance improvement factor on the long-term operation maintenance rate and the optimal number of imperfect maintenance is analyzed. The results show that the model can more comprehensively describe the degradation and maintenance process of degraded systems, and it can effectively reduce maintenance cost ratio under long-term operation. It provides a certain theoretical support for formulating an economical and reasonable maintenance strategy that is more in line with the actual degradation and maintenance process in engineering practice.

Our brain constantly processes multisensory inputs to make decisions and guide behaviors, but how goal-relevant processes are influenced by irrelevant information is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of intermodal and intramodal task-irrelevant information on visual and auditory categorical decision-making. In both visual and auditory tasks, we manipulated the modality of irrelevant inputs (visual vs. auditory vs. none) and used linear discrimination analysis of EEG and hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling (HDDM) to identify when and how task-irrelevant information affected decision-relevant processing. The results revealed modality-specific impacts of irrelevant inputs on visual and auditory categorical decision-making. The distinct effects on the visual task were shown on the neural components, with auditory distractors amplifying the sensory processing whereas visual distractors amplifying the post-sensory process. Conversely, the distinct effects on the auditory task were shown in behavioral performance and underlying cognitive processes. Visual distractors facilitate behavioral performance and affect both stages, but auditory distractors interfere with behavioral performance and impact on the sensory processing rather than the post-sensory decision stage. Overall, these findings suggested that auditory distractors affect the sensory processing stage of both tasks while visual distractors affect the post-sensory decision stage of visual categorical decision-making and both stages of auditory categorical decision-making. This study provides insights into how humans process information from multiple sensory modalities during decision-making by leveraging modality-specific impacts.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of microwave-assisted intralesional curettage(MAIC) with those of en bloc resection and autogenous fibular reconstruction (EBR-AFR) for treating grade III giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) of the distal radius and to elucidate the indications for wrist preservation surgery.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, 19 patients with grade III GCTB of the distal radius who underwent surgery at three medical institutions were included and categorized based on their surgical pattern. Seven patients underwent MAIC and internal fixation with bone cement (MAIC group) and 12 underwent EBR-AFR (EBR-AFR group). To evaluate the function of the affected limb postoperatively, wrist range of motion, grip strength, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores were recorded.ResultsThe follow-up time of the MAIC group was 73.57 ± 28.61 (36–116) months, with no recurrence or lung metastasis. In contrast, the follow-up time of the EBR-AFR group was 55.67 ± 28.74 (36–132) months, with 1 case of local recurrence (8.3%, 1/12) and 1 case of lung metastasis (8.3%, 1/12). The wrist flexion, extension, supination, pronation, grip strength were better in the MAIC group than in the EBR-AFR group. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the MSTS score between the two groups, it is noteworthy that the MAIC group exhibited significantly superior emotional acceptance and hand positioning compared to the EBR-AFR group(p < 0.05).ConclusionThe functional outcomes of the MAIC group are better. The treatment strategy for grade III GCTB of the distal radius should be determined based on the specific preoperative imaging findings. Nevertheless, MAIC can be the preferred surgical approach for most patients with grade III GCTB of the distal radius, particularly for young patients.