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A pyridinium salt catalyzed radical borylation of benzoyl peroxides is reported herein. A range of benzoyl peroxides having different electronic properties were well compatible in this borylation reaction, delivering various arylboronates in good yields at ambient temperature. The current method features simple operation, additive- and base-free, transition-metal-free and mild conditions.

A radical-promoted cyclization of methylthiolated alkynones with diverse radical precursors has been developed. This strategy occurred via a C(sp2)–S bond formation and C(sp3)–S cleavage sequence and allows an efficient synthesis of a variety of phosphoryl-, sulfenyl-, CF2COOEt-, and acyl-containing thiochromone derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.

In recent years, with increasing prevalence, particularly in young patients, breast cancer is considered to be one of the most common malignancies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in diagnosing molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The present study retrospectively analyzed 134 cases of breast cancer with data regarding surgery, complete pathology and immunohistochemistry, which were collected at The Second Clinical College of Fujian Medical University (Quanzhou, China) between May 2013 and October 2014. The patients were divided into the four following molecular subtypes: Luminal A, luminal B, triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression, according to the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone hormone receptor, HER-2 and Ki67. The association between clinical characteristics of each molecular subtype and characteristics of DBT were assessed. Calcification scores and lymph node size were the indicators that exhibited a significant difference following comparison between the four molecular subtypes. The subgroup analysis based on tumor size, calcification scores and lymph node size identified a significant difference in the distribution between patients with breast cancer with lymph node size of ≥1.5 and

An efficient approach to tetrasubstituted alkenylboronates via a cascade borylation/B–O elimination of propynols and B2pin2 was disclosed. A series of tetrasubstituted alkenylboronates were readily furnished with this strategy in good yields, with further transformations leading to tetrasubstituted alkenes and β-diketones demonstrating the synthetic potential of the alkenylboronates constructed by this strategy as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis.

A photoredox-catalyzed cascade annulation of methyl(2-(phenylethynyl)phenyl)sulfanes and methyl(2-(phenylethynyl)phenyl)selanes with sulfonyl chlorides was developed. A variety of benzothiophenes and benzoselenophenes were obtained in moderate to good yields at ambient temperature.

Transition-metal-free base-controlled highly regioselective synthesis of alkyl 1,2-bis(boronates) or 1,1,2-tris(boronates) from various terminal alkynes has been disclosed. These reactions are efficient, practical and mild with good regioselectivity, excellent functional group tolerance as well as good scalability, which provide general and complementary methods to access multiborylated alkanes from various terminal alkynes.

A radical-promoted cyclization of methylthiolated alkynones with diverse radical precursors has been developed. This strategy occurred via a C(sp

Background: This study evaluated the characteristics of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) entered into the TuberOus SClerosis registry to increase disease Awareness (TOSCA). Methods: The study was conducted at 170 sites across 31 countries. Data from patients of any age with a documented clinical visit for TSC in the 12 months preceding enrollment or those newly diagnosed with TSC were entered. Results: SEGA were reported in 554 of 2,216 patients (25%). Median age at diagnosis of SEGA was 8 years (range, 18 years. SEGA were symptomatic in 42.1% of patients. Symptoms included increased seizure frequency (15.8%), behavioural disturbance (11.9%), and regression/loss of cognitive skills (9.9%), in addition to those typically associated with increased intracranial pressure. SEGA were significantly more frequent in patients with TSC2 compared to TSC1 variants (33.7 vs. 13.2 %, p < 0.0001). Main treatment modalities included surgery (59.6%) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (49%). Conclusions: Although SEGA diagnosis and growth typically occurs during childhood, SEGA can occur and grow in both infants and adults.

An efficient approach to tetrasubstituted alkenylboronates via a cascade borylation/B-O elimination of propynols and B

tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-initiated radical cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles or -selenoanisoles with sulfinic acids has been developed. This reaction is applicable to a wide substrate scope via one C(sp3)–S(Se) bond cleavage and two C(sp2)–S(Se) bond formation, leading to the synthesis of 3-(arylsulfonyl)benzothiophenes or -benzoselenophenes under mild conditions.

To explore the effect of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) on the classification of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) and its significance. Methods: A total of 832 patients with breast diseases, who came from Second Clinical College of Fujian Medical University from May 2013 to November 2013, were collected. The patients were examined by double position radiography (including craniocaudol and mediolateral oblique) and COMBO mode [including DBT and full-field digital mammography (FFDM)]. Meanwhile, the results of FFDM and DBT were classified. The number of glands, the characteristics of mass and other indirect signs were compared by COMBO and FFDM modes. Paired Wilcoxon rank sum text was adopted to investigate the differences between COMBO mode and FFDM mode in the 832 patients, and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to analyze the 79 patients with the pathological results. Results: The patients with large amount of glands (including Class c and Class d) accounted for 87.6% in the 832 patients, while the patients with small amounts of glands (including Class a and Class b) accounted for 11.7%. In estimating the content of glands, more details about the distribution of glands were found in the COMBO mode compared with those in the FFDM mode. According to the results of paired Wilcoxon rank sum test, there was significant statistical difference in BI-RADS classcification in breast masses between the COMBO mode and the FFDM mode (P0.05), though the overall classification of the COMBO mode is higher than that of the FFDM mode. The pathology was served as a standard to estimate the diagnostic efficiency. The area under ROC curve was 0.805 in the FFDM mode, while that in the COMBO mode was 0.941. The optimal sensibility in the COMBO mode was 82.9%, which was higher than that in the FFDM mode. However, the specificity was 93.2% in both COMBO mode and the FFDM mode. Conclusion: DBT has a high clinical significance in BI-RADS classification for breast X-ray examination.目的：研究数字乳腺三维断层摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis，DBT)对于乳腺影像报告数据系统(breast imaging-reporting and data system，BI-RADS)分类的影响及意义。方法：选取2013年5月至2013年11月来福建医科大学第二临床医学院就诊的乳腺疾病患者832例，入选病人全部双体位拍摄并进行COMBO模式检查[包括DBT和全数字化乳腺摄影(full-field digital mammography，FFDM)]。分别对COMBO及FFDM检查进行BI-RADS分类，并比较COMBO模式和FFDM检查模式在同一患者图像中腺体含量的判断、肿块特征的显示以及间接征象的显示；对832例进行Wilcoxon配对秩和检验，判断两种检查方法是否存在差异，同时对有病理结果的79例患者采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve，ROC)分析。结果：本组乳腺疾病患者中，多量腺体者(包括c类及d类)占87.6%，少量腺体者(包括a类及b类)占11.7%。判断腺体含量时，COMBO模式可以观察到更细致的腺体分布状况；秩和检验结果显示：COMBO模式及FFDM检查模式对乳腺 BI-RADS分类诊断分布差异有统计学意义(P0.05)，COMBO整体分类级别高于FFDM；诊断效能的比较以病理结果作为金标准，FFDM ROC曲线下面积是0.805，COMBO模式ROC曲线下面积为0.941，COMBO模式最佳截点值的敏感度为82.9%，高于FFDM的敏感度(60%)，二者的特异度相同，均为93.2%。结论：DBT在乳腺X线检查进行BI-RADS分类时具有很高的临床价值。.

Background: Full-field digital mammography (FFDM) with dense breasts has a high rate of missed diagnosis, and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) could reduce organization overlapping and provide more reliable images for BI-RADS classification. This study aims to explore application of COMBO (FFDM+DBT) for effect and significance of BI-RADS classification of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we selected 832 patients who had been treated from May 2013 to November 2013. Classify FFDM and COMBO examination according to BI-RADS separately and compare the differences for glands in the image of the same patient in judgment, mass characteristics display and indirect signs. Employ Paired Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in 79 breast cancer patients to find differences between two examine methods. Results: The results indicated that COMBO pattern is able to observe more details in distribution of glands when estimating content. Paired Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that overall classification level of COMBO is higher significantly compared to FFDM to BI-RADS diagnosis and classification of breast (P