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1. Efficient InGaN-based Red Light-Emitting Diodes by Modulating Trench Defects

Author

Pan, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, H., Yang, H., Chen, Y., Nie, J., Deng, C., Dong, B., Wang, D., Li, Y., Lin, H., Chen, W., Jiao, F., Kang, X., Jia, C., Liang, Z., Wang, Q., Zhang, G., and Shen, B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Trench defects in multi-quantum wells (MQWs) have been considered as flawed structures that severely degrade the internal quantum efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the past. In this research, trench defects are innovatively modulated into the structure to enhance the efficiency of red InGaN LEDs. Specifically, dual-color MQWs structures are grown with green MQWs at the bottom and red MQWs at the top. When high-density trench defects are introduced into the green MQWs, the upper red MQWs exhibit a significant wavelength redshift of 68 nm and approximately 6-fold luminescence enhancement compared to those without trench defects. The wavelength redshift is attributed to the increased indium incorporation due to the strain relaxation effect of trench defects. Moreover, the luminescence enhancement originates from the strong emission of the red MQWs inside trench defects. The mechanisms behind the superior luminescent properties of red MQWs within trench defects are explored in detail. Red InGaN LEDs with an internal quantum efficiency of 16.4% are achieved by modulating the trench defects. The method of achieving InGaN-based red emission by introducing trench defects is simple and reproducible, requiring no additional substrate designs. This research provides a novel pathway toward achieving high-efficiency red InGaN LEDs.

Published
2023
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5. Microwave imaging of a hot flux rope structure during the pre-impulsive stage of an eruptive M7.7 solar flare

Author

Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, G., Nakajima, H., Song, H., Melnikov, V., Liu, W., Li, G., Chandrashekhar, K., and Jiao, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Corona structures and processes during the pre-impulsive stage of solar eruption are crucial to understanding the physics leading to the subsequent explosive energy release. Here we present the first microwave imaging study of a hot flux rope structure during the pre-impulsive stage of an eruptive M7.7 solar flare, with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) at 17 GHz. The flux rope is also observed by the SDO/AIA in its hot passbands of 94 and 131 \AA\. In the microwave data, it is revealed as an overall arcade-like structure consisting of several intensity enhancements bridged by generally weak emissions, with brightness temperatures ($T_B$) varying from ~10,000~K to ~20,000 K. Locations of microwave intensity enhancements along the structure remain relatively fixed at certain specific parts of the flux rope, indicating that the distribution of emitting electrons is affected by the large scale magnetic configuration of the twisted flux rope. Wavelet analysis shows a pronounced 2-min period of the microwave $T_B$ variation during the pre-impulsive stage of interest. The period agrees well with that reported for AIA sunward-contracting loops and upward ejective plasmoids (suggested to be reconnection outflows). This suggests that both periodicities are controlled by the same reconnection process that takes place intermittently at a 2-min time scale. We infer that at least a part of the emission is excited by non-thermal energetic electrons via the gyro-synchrotron mechanism. The study demonstrates the potential of microwave imaging in exploring the flux rope magnetic geometry and relevant reconnection process during the onset of solar eruption., Comment: This paper has been accepted by The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2016
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6. Histone Deacetylase 6 Regulates the Activation of M1 Macrophages by the Glycolytic Pathway During Acute Liver Failure

Author

Wang Y, Li X, Chen Q, Jiao F, Shi C, Pei M, Wang L, and Gong Z

Subjects
hdac6, m1 macrophage, metabolic reprogramming, acute liver failure, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Yao Wang,* Xun Li,* Qian Chen, Fangzhou Jiao, Chunxia Shi, Maohua Pei, Luwen Wang, Zuojiong Gong Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zuojiong Gong; Luwen WangDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail zjgong@163.com; wangluw8253@163.comBackground: The glycolysis pathway of M1 macrophages is a key factor affecting the inflammatory response. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in the M1 macrophage glycolysis pathway during acute liver failure (ALF).Methodology: Targeted metabolomics for quantitative analysis of energy metabolites technology was used to detect the characteristics of energy metabolism for 8 ALF patients and 8 normal volunteers. The ALF mice model was intervened with HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-1215. iTRAQ/TMT quantitative proteomics was used to detect protein expression in livers in different mice groups. The liver function, energy metabolites, M1 macrophages, cytokines, and pathological structure, DDX3X, NLRP3 and DNMT1 in liver tissue were detected. The changes of the above molecules were verified in cell groups.Results: ALF patients and mice have significant energy metabolism disorders, accompanied by activation of M1 macrophages. After the intervention of ACY-1215, the activated M1 macrophages and cytokines levels in the mouse liver were reduced. The levels of IDH1, MDH1, and ATP were significantly increased. The expression of DDX3X increased, while the expression of NLRP3 and DNMT1 decreased. ACY-1215 could reduce the model cell apoptosis level and inflammatory response, and improve energy metabolism. It could also promote the expression of DDX3X, and inhibit the expression of NLRP3 and DNMT1.Conclusion: ACY-1215 could inhibit the activation of M1 macrophages by improving the glycolytic pathway through regulating DNMT1 and DDX3X/NLRP3 signals to alleviate ALF.Keywords: HDAC6, M1 macrophage, metabolic reprogramming, acute liver failure

Published
2021

7. Novel Case-Based Reasoning System for Public Health Emergencies

Author

Duan J and Jiao F

Subjects
case-based reasoning, grey clustering, cuckoo search algorithm, public health emergencies, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Jinli Duan1 1, Feng Jiao2 1College of Modern Management, Yango University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2INTO Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UKCorrespondence: Jinli Duan Tel +86 13950315322Email 78308776@qq.comPurpose: Several threatening infectious diseases, including influenza, Ebola, SARS, and COVID-19, have affected human society over the past decades. These disease outbreaks naturally inspire a demand for sustained and advanced safety and suppression measures. To protect public health and safety, further research developments on emergency analysis methods and approaches for effective emergency treatment generation are urgently needed to mitigate the severity of the pandemic and save lives.Methods: To address these issues, a novel case-based reasoning (CBR) system is proposed using three phases. In the first phase, the similarity between the current case and the historical cases is calculated under a variety of heterogeneous information. In the second phase, a filter approach based on grey clustering analysis is created to retrieve relevant cases. In the third phase, the cases retrieved are taken as initial host nests in a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, and our system searches an optimal solution through iteration of this algorithm.Results: The proposed model is compared with a CBR method improved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a CBR method improved by a differential evolution algorithm (DE), to confirm the efficiency of our CS algorithm in adapting solutions for public health emergencies. The results show that the proposed model is better than the existing algorithms.Conclusion: The proposed model improves the speed of case retrieval using grey clustering and increases solution accuracy with CS algorithms. The present research can contribute to government, CDC, and infectious disease emergency management fields with regard to the implementation of fast and accurate public biohazard prevention and control measures based on a variety of heterogeneous information.Keywords: case-based reasoning, grey clustering, cuckoo search algorithm, public health emergencies

Published
2021

8. Identification of FADS1 Through Common Gene Expression Profiles for Predicting Survival in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Author

Jiao F, Sun H, Yang Q, Wang Z, Liu M, and Chen J

Subjects
fads1, bioinformatics, bladder cancer, tcga, proliferation, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Fangdong Jiao, Hao Sun, Qingya Yang, Hui Sun, Zehua Wang, Ming Liu, Jun Chen Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun ChenDepartment of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China Tel +86 18561810509Fax +86 532-66850532Email qlyychenjun@163.comPurpose: Aim of this study was to identify biomarkers between different grades of bladder cancer (BLCA) and its prognostic value.Methods: mRNA expression data from GSE32549 and GSE71576 were extracted for further analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R web tool. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted to explore the function and relationship of DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for external validation and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis was used to further identify FADS1 pathways. Bladder cancer cells and patient specimens were used to further demonstrate the function of FADS1.Results: Datasets from GEO identified a panel of DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that DEGs were associated with nuclear division, spindle, cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. External validation from TCGA demonstrated that FADS1 was an independent prognostic marker in BLCA patients. In cell lines and tumor specimen analysis, FADS1 was overexpressed in the tumor specimen, compared with adjacent tissues, and positively correlated with tumor grade of BLCA. Moreover, FADS1 could enhance the proliferation ability and influence cell cycle of bladder cancer cells.Conclusion: FADS1 was an independent prognostic biomarker for BLCA and could confer the bladder cancer cells increased proliferation ability.Keywords: FADS1, bioinformatics, bladder cancer, TCGA, proliferation

Published
2020

11. Serum β2-Microglobulin is Associated with Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Mao W, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang W, Zeng N, Zhang J, li Q, Jiao F, Li J, Cui N, Mi S, Xue Y, Wang Z, Ying S, and Huang K

Subjects
β2-microglobulin, copd, exacerbation, predictor, prognosis, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Wenping Mao,1,2 Jing Wang,1,2 Liming Zhang,1,2 Ying Wang,1,2 Wenjun Wang,1,2 Na Zeng,3 Jun Zhang,1,2 Qian li,1,2 Fengwei Jiao,1,2 Jie Li,1,2 Na Cui,1,2 Song Mi,1,2 Yi Xue,1,2 Zhaomei Wang,1,2 Sun Ying,4 Kewu Huang1,2 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kewu HuangDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, People’s Republic of ChinaTel + 86-10-85231167Email kewuhuang@126.comPurpose: We hypothesized that increased level of serum β 2-microglobulin (β 2M) is an independent factor associated with higher mortality in hospitalized patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 488 hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD as the first diagnosis at Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, P. R. China between December 31st, 2012 and December 28th, 2017. Concentrations of serum β 2M and other clinical indexes were measured or collected on admission, and all patients were followed up to 90 days. The relationship between β 2M and 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality was explored by Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, C-reactive protein values, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide/100, respiratory failure [RF, defined as partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) < 60 mmHg on room air or PaO2 over the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) < 300], eosinopenia, consolidation, and acidaemia.Results: Median concentrations of β 2M were significantly higher in non-survivals compared to survivals within 30 days (4.11 mg/L (IQR 3.10– 6.60) vs 2.79mg/L (IQR 2.13– 3.76), P < 0.001) and 90 days (3.79 mg/L (IQR 2.61– 6.69) vs 2.79 mg/L (IQR 2.13– 3.73), P < 0.001). Serum levels of β 2M were correlated with 30-day and 90-day mortality in overall exacerbated COPD patients, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.09 (95% CI 1.04– 1.14, P = 0.001) and 1.09 (95% CI 1.05– 1.14, P < 0.001). In exacerbated COPD patients without RF and with RF, the HRs were 1.06 (95% CI 0.995– 1.137, P = 0.069) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.02– 1.27, P = 0.021) for 30-day mortality, 1.09 (95% CI 1.02– 1.15, P = 0.010) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.03– 1.26, P = 0.014) for 90-day mortality, respectively.Conclusion: Our data showed that concentrations of serum β 2M were associated with an increased risk of mortality, suggesting that β 2M might be a valuable predictor of poor prognosis for hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD.Keywords: β 2-microglobulin, COPD, exacerbation, predictor, prognosis

Published
2020

12. CHANGES IN LAND USE TYPES AFFECT SOIL BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES AND DIVERSITIES IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN, NORTHEAST OF CHINA.

Author

JIAO, F., ZHANG, J. Y., ZHANG, D. D., CHEN, Y., and WU, J. H.

Subjects
WETLANDS, BACTERIAL communities, BACTERIAL diversity, LAND use, SOIL classification, SOIL microbiology
Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the impact of land use conversion on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities, and to provide a reference for the selection of scientific restoration methods for degraded wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeastern of China. In 2018, Illumina MiSeq highthroughput sequencing was used to sequence amplicons of the 16S rDNA of soil bacteria in three types of land use: natural wetlands, rice fields, and restored wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain. The diversity and function of soil bacterial communities was analyzed. The results showed that wetland converted into paddy fields caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the Ace, Chao1 and Shannon indices of soil bacteria, and restoration of agricultural lands into wetlands significantly increased (P<0.05) these indices. The soil bacterial community structure of natural wetland, rice field and restored wetland differed significantly (P<0.05). The detected soil bacteria represented 38 phyla, 101 classes, 251 orders, 418 families, 786 genera and 1563 species. The phyla of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae, Latescibacteria and Verrucomicrobia were dominant in all plots, reaching a relative abundance >1%. Wetland soil bacteria have 6 types of primary functions by PICRUST2 analysis: metabolism, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, cellular processes, human diseases, and organic systems. The soil pH, content of organic carbon and total nitrogen, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio are all factors affecting the diversity of soil bacterial communities in the investigated soils. Changes in wetland land use reduce the stability of the soil ecosystem and increases the potential ecological risk of wetland degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. 2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction

Author

Stephens, I.E.L., Chan, K., Bagger, A., Boettcher, S., Bonin, J., Boutin, E., Buckley, A.K., Buonsanti, R., Cave, E.R., Chang, X., Chee, S.W., Marques da Silva, A.H., Luna, P. de, Einsle, O., Endrodi, B., Escudero-Escribano, M., Ferreira, A.J.V. de, Figueiredo, M.C., Hahn, C., Hansen, K.U., Huassener, S., Hunegnaw, S., Huo, Z., Hwang, Y.J., Janaky, C., Jayathilake, B.S., Jiao, F., Jovanov, Z.P., Karimi, P., Koper, M.T.M., Kuhl, K.P., Woong, H., Liang, Z., Liu, X., Ma, S., Ma, M., Oh, H.S., Robert, M., Cuenva, B.R., Rossmeisl, J., Roy, C., Ryan, M.P., Sargent, E.H., Sebastián-Pascual, P., Seger, B., Steier, L., Strasser, P., Varela, A.S., Vos, R.E., Wang, X., Xu, B., Yadegari, H., Zhou, X., Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, and EIRES Chem. for Sustainable Energy Systems

Subjects
STRUCTURAL BASIS, mechanistic insights, SELECTIVE ELECTROREDUCTION, BIPOLAR MEMBRANES, liquid fuel, solar fuels, Materials Science (miscellaneous), technoeconomic analysis, ACCELERATED DISCOVERY, carbon-dioxide capture, Solar fuels, electrocatalytic conversion, METAL-ELECTRODES, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, selective electroreduction, accelerated discovery, MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, metal-electrodes, TECHNOECONOMIC ANALYSIS, CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE, structural basis, bipolar membranes, General Energy, 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, electrochemistry, CO2 reduction, ELECTROCATALYTIC CONVERSION, Electrocatalysis, LIQUID FUEL, SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie
Abstract

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO2R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle.

Published
2022

20. Great future or greedy venture: Precision medicine needs philosophy

Author

Jiao, F., Guo, R., Beckmann, J.S., Yan, Z., Yang, Y., Hu, J., Wang, X., and Xie, S.

Subjects
biomarker, cancer, data, model, precision medicine, system
Abstract

Over the past decade, we have witnessed the initiation and implementation of precision medicine (PM), a discipline that promises to individualize and personalize medical management and treatment, rendering them ultimately more precise and effective. Despite of the continuing advances and numerous clinical applications, the potential of PM remains highly controversial, sparking heated debates about its future. The present article reviews the philosophical issues and practical challenges that are critical to the feasibility and implementation of PM. The explanation and argument about the relations between PM and computability, uncertainty as well as complexity, show that key foundational assumptions of PM might not be fully validated. The present analysis suggests that our current understanding of PM is probably oversimplified and too superficial. More efforts are needed to realize the hope that PM has elicited, rather than make the term just as a hype.

Published
2021

26. Chronic Hypoperfusion is not Associated with Cerebral Amyloidosis

Author

Wang S, Li Q, Wang Y, Zeng F, Tang Y, Wang F, Li H, Chen D, Jiao F, Fan D, Yang H, Jin R, Yi X, Chen Y, and Shi Q

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Text mining, nervous system, business.industry, Amyloidosis, medicine, Chronic hypoperfusion, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Background Insufficient cerebral perfusion is suggested to play a role in the development of AD. We investigated the effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD-related pathology, including β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and brain atrophy in humans. Methods We enrolled 10 cognitively normal patients (median age: 64 years old) with unilateral chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Volumes of interest (VOIs) and regions of interest (ROIs) with the most pronounced hypoperfusion changes were created in the hypoperfused region, and were then mirrored into the contralateral hemisphere to create a control region with normal perfusion respectively.11C-Pittsburgh compound-PET (PiB-PET) imaging standard uptake ratios (SUVRs) and several brain atrophy indices from the CT images of each patient were calculated. Results We found that there were no differences in SUVRs of PiB-PET imaging and brain atrophy indices between the hypoperfused regions and contralateral normally-perfused regions. Conclusion Our findings suggest that chronic hypoperfusion may not directly induce cerebral Aβ deposition and neurodegeneration in humans.

Published
2020

32. Functional characterization of long non-coding RNAs of FLC homologs in Brachypodium : Functionele karakterisatie van long non-coding RNAs van FLC homologen in Brachypodium

Author

Jiao, F and Geuten, K

Subjects
FLC, long non-coding RNAs, Brachypodium distachyon, lncRNA, vernalization, DMS, COOLAIR, food and beverages, RNA secondary structure, positionally conserved
Abstract

Vernalization is a phenomenon that is frequently observed in various plant species, a process by which a long-term exposure to cold in winter causes plants to flower in the following spring. In Arabidopsis thaliana, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is the central repressor of flowering time and regulated by different pathways. Particularly, after vernalization treatment, FLC can be epigenetically silenced. Three different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified associated in FLC silencing. One class of the lncRNAs COOLAIR is transcribed antisense from FLC in response to cold. Despite relatively low sequence similarity, the COOLAIR expression pattern and in vitro RNA secondary structure are highly conserved across the Brassicaceae family, which originated some 50 million years ago. It is unclear, however, whether COOLAIR functions in distantly related species such as monocots, which diverged some 150 million years ago. We have identified three FLC homologs in Brachypodium distachyon, and one of the FLC homologs, BdODDSOC2 has been functionally studied in the vernalization pathway. In this dissertation, using B. distachyon as a model system, we aim to understand the functional importance of lncRNAs transcribed from the FLC homologs in monocots. In Chapter 2, we aimed to further understand the functional importance of FLC homologs in B. distachyon, not only in vernalization pathway, but also in the whole life cycle. There are three FLC homologs in B. distachyon, BdODDSOC1, BdODDSOC2 and BdMADS37. Among them, BdODDSOC2 has been functionally studied in the vernalization pathway. By using a bdoddsoc2 T-DNA line in the background of the facultative accession Bd21-3 and bdoddsoc2 RNAi lines generated in the winter accession BdTR3C. We observed that, under some conditions, the bdoddsoc2 T-DNA line germinates later than wild-type. After different after ripening treatments, the bdoddsoc2 T-DNA line showed a weak late germination phenotype. However, the bdoddsoc2 RNAi lines did not give a clear phenotype for flowering time or leaf number. We also tried to generate CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic lines for BdODDSOC2, but we did not obtain mutants in our transgenic plants. We concluded that the function of BdODDSOC2 in vernalization and other pathways needs to be further investigated. In Chapter 3, to know whether lncRNAs regulate the FLC homologs, we identified antisense lncRNAs from FLC homologs in various monocot species that share no sequence similarity with A. thaliana COOLAIR. Similar to COOLAIR, we found that BdODDSOC1 antisense (BdCOOLAIR1) and BdODDSOC2 antisense (BdCOOLAIR2) are induced by cold in a B. distachyon winter accession. Across B. distachyon accessions, the sequences of BdCOOLAIR1 and BdCOOLAIR2 are less conserved than exons but more conserved than flanking regions, suggesting a function for the transcript itself. Knockdown of the BdODDSOC2 non-overlapping BdCOOLAIR2 transcript did not show a morphological phenotype but did result in significantly higher BdODDSOC2 expression during cold, indicating that BdCOOLAIR2 performs a role in cis in the rate of BdODDSOC2 silencing. This functional similarity between a eudicot and a monocot species reveals ancient conservation or convergent evolution of FLC antisense transcription. Either scenario supports its functional importance. In Chapter 4, to understand the importance of lncRNAs at RNA structural level, we applied dimethyl sulfate (DMS) RNA structure probing methods to the new model plant B. distachyon. We confirmed that in B. distachyon, DMS specifically modifies unprotected A and C nucleotides in RNA structures. We further demonstrated that DMS can be used in different temperature conditions and can be applied to study the functional importance at the RNA structural level of cold induced lncRNAs. We showed that our DMS protocol works well for high abundance rRNAs but is not efficient enough for low abundance RNAs. To improve the probing sensitivity, we applied target-specific dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq) to probing the lncRNA BdCOOLAIR2. Our result shows that although we obtained a few mutations for BdCOOLAIR2, our current DMS-MaPseq protocol is still not sensitive enough for the lowly abundant lncRNA BdCOOLAIR2, the signals cannot be reproduced in two different libraries. After discussion with the other labs, we conclude that we did not modify and amplify BdCOOLAIR2 RNA efficiently. We propose that more work needs to be done in the future for the optimization of this DMS mutational profiling with sequencing strategy. In summary, we further studied the functional importance of FLC homologs in B. distachyon. We identified lncRNAs from the FLC homologs in monocots. Among them, BdCOOLAIR2, the antisense lncRNA of BdODDSOC2, can regulate the silencing rate of BdODDSOC2, indicating an ancient conservation or convergent evolution of FLC antisense transcription between dicot and monocot species. We performed preliminary work to establish a reliable protocol for RNA structure probing in B. distachyon, which will be helpful to understand the functional importance of lncRNAs at the structural level. ispartof: pages:1-190 nrpages: 190 status: published

Published
2019

37. Direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus in the year of mortality and year preceding the year of mortality

Author

Wong, C.K.H., Jiao, F., Tang, E.H.M., Tong, T., Thokala, P., and Lam, C.L.K.

Subjects
health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Aim\ud To report the health resource use and estimate the direct medical costs among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the year of mortality and the year preceding the year of mortality.\ud Materials and methods\ud We analysed data from a population-based, retrospective cohort study including all adults with a DM diagnosis in Hong Kong between 2009 and 2013, and who died between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013. The annual direct medical costs in the year of mortality and the year preceding the year of mortality were determined by summing the costs of health services utilized within the respective year. The costs were analysed by gender, the presence of comorbidities, diabetic complications and primary cause of death.\ud Results\ud A total of 10 649 patients met the eligibility criteria for analysis. On average, the direct medical costs in the year of death were 1.947 times higher than those in the year before death. Men and women with DM incurred similar costs in the year preceding the year of mortality and in the mortality year. Patients with any diabetic complications incurred greater costs in the year of mortality and the year before mortality than those without.\ud Conclusions\ud This analysis provides new evidence on incorporating additional direct medical costs in the mortality year, and refining the structure of total cost estimates for use in costing and cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions for DM.

Published
2018

47. The Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese (GDS-C): A cross-cultural comparison of developmental trajectories between Chinese and British children

Author

Tso, W. W. Y., primary, Wong, V. C. N., additional, Xia, X., additional, Faragher, B., additional, Li, M., additional, Xu, X., additional, Ao, L., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Jiao, F.-Y., additional, Du, K., additional, Shang, X., additional, Wong, P. T. Y., additional, and Challis, D., additional

Published
2018
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