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Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of the direct anterior approach in lateral decubitus position (L‐DAA) and supine position (S‐DAA) for unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 89 patients who underwent primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty in our department between August 2016 and December 2017. There were 46 patients who underwent L‐DAA and 43 patients who underwent S‐DAA. The body mass index (BMI), operation time, blood loss, preoperative Hb, first day and third day postoperative Hb, incision length, hospital stay, preoperative and postoperative Harris score, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, radiological evaluation, intraoperative and postoperative complication, postoperative absolute length difference of lower extremity were recorded and analyzed. P 0.05). However, significant differences were detected in BMI, blood loss, first day and third day postoperative Hb, and operation time (P, Lateral decubitus position: A. Surgical position; B. hemostasis of the extrafemoral artery achieved; C. Grinding the acetabulum; D. Position of operation in femur and acetabulum; E. Reaming the femur and acetabulum; F. Length of incision. Supine position: G. Surgical position; H. Skin preparation and draping; I. Position of operation in femoral; J & K. Muscle protection retractors.

Recent studies on the equatorial atmosphere–ionosphere coupling system have shown that planetary-wave-type oscillations, as an important seeding mechanism for equatorial spread F (ESF), play an important role in ESF irregularity development and its day-to-day variability in the equatorial latitudes. In this study, ionosonde virtual height and ESF measurements over Sanya (18.4° N, 109.6° E; 12.8° N dip latitude) and meteor radar neutral-wind measurements over Fuke (19.5° N, 109.1° E; 14° N dip latitude) during 2013 are used to investigate the features of planetary-wave-type oscillations in both the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere and their possible influences on ESF occurrence under the weak solar maximum year. The ∼ 3-day and ∼ 7-day planetary-wave-type oscillations have been observed in the neutral zonal winds and the time rate of change in F-layer virtual heights. According to the propagation characteristics, the 3-day and 7-day planetary-wave-type oscillations are basically recognized as ultrafast and fast Kelvin waves, respectively. With increasing heights, the 3-day wave oscillations are gradually amplified, while the 7-day wave oscillations are generally constant. By performing a cross-wavelet transform on the onsets of ESF and the vertical drifts of the F layer, we found that there are simultaneously occurring 7-day and 3-day common wave oscillations between them. The 7-day waves are mainly in the inversion phase, while the 3-day waves are mostly in an in-phase state, indicating that the 7-day waves may play a main role in ESF initiation. Approximate delays of 6 days for the 7-day waves and 5 days for the 3-day waves in their propagation upward from the lower atmosphere to the ionosphere are evaluated with wavelet power spectrum analysis. The estimated upward velocities from these time delays provide consistent evidence that the 7-day and 3-day waves propagate vertically upward with typical Kelvin wave characteristics. The results highlight the role of planetary-wave-type oscillations in the initiation and development of ESF in the Chinese low-latitude region.

The variations of the strength and the hemispheric asymmetry of EIA were studied by Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) and SAMI2 during two geomagnetic storm periods in March and June 2013. Compared with the 30-days median TEC, the TEC at the two crests of EIA had small variations while the TEC at the trough had a more remarkable variation for the two storms after the SSC. The TEC difference between the two EIA peaks had an increase or decrease several hours after the SSC, the asymmetry between the two crests of EIA represented by the defined asymmetry index has no obvious variations except several hours after the SSC, and EIA strength represented by the Crest-to-Trough Ratio (CTR) had a remarkable increase one day after the SSC day for March storm and decrease several hours after the SSC for June storm. The variations last several hours, with more than 40% variations compared with the value during the quiet period. The EIA peaks were also found to move toward the equator after the SSC during the two storms. The simulation from SAMI2 and HWM07 also shows that EIA crests would move toward the equator during storm time and EIA strength would decrease, which suggests that the disturbed neutral wind and disturbed electric field may be important factors affecting the EIA during the storm periods.

The glow discharge plasma technique was applied to decorate the silica support and to decompose the precursors of cobalt-based catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature programmed desorption of H2 (H2-TPD) and O2-titration. The results confirmed that plasma decoration would modify both the SiO2 pore structure and surface properties. Compared with the calcined catalysts, plasma treated samples had a much higher cobalt dispersion and good cobalt reducibility, leading to an apparently improved FTS activity.

Most cases of posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis (PTAOA) represent a sequela of ankle fractures. The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 (CPEB1) is an RNA binding protein that controls protein expression. Here, we report the previously unappreciated association of CPEB1 with PTAOA. We found that CPEB1 was upregulated in articular cartilage from patients with PTAOA. Additionally, its expression level positively correlated with disease severity. In human primary chondrocytes cultured in vitro, CPEB1 was upregulated when treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β and TNF-α, suggesting that the observed CPEB1 upregulation in articular cartilage of PTAOA patients may be attributed to local inflammatory milieu. Functionally, CPEB1 overexpression aggravated the catabolic effect of IL-1β on chondrocytes in vitro, and vice versa, its knockdown reduced this effect, together implying a detrimental role of CPEB1 involved in OA progression. In sum, our study identifies CPEB1 as a potential regulator of disease progression of PTAOA.

To explore the effectiveness of stage I anterior approach debridement and autologous iliac crest graft with single self-locked titanium plate internal fixation for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis.Seven cases of lumbosacral tuberculosis were treated by stage I anterior approach debridement, autologous iliac crest graft, and single self-locked titanium plate internal fixation between February 2010 and October 2014. There were 5 males and 2 females, aged 18-65 years (mean, 41.6 years). The disease duration was 5-21 months (mean, 8 months). The patients had signs and symptoms of pain in lumbosacral region, radiating pain in unilateral lower limb or bilateral lower limbs, decreased muscular strength and disorders of superficial sensation. According to Frankel classification for spinal injury, 1 case was rated as grade C, 3 cases as grade D, and 3 cases as grade E. Preoperative imaging examination suggested LAll patients underwent the operation successfully and all incisions healed at stage I, without relevant complication. All patients were followed up 14-70 months (mean, 25.6 months). All symptoms of tuberculosis disappeared and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to normal. At last follow-up, Frankel classification was returned to E from D in 3 cases, returned to D from C in 1 case. Two cases suffered from pains in the lumbosacral region and at the donor site, 1 case suffered from upper abdominal discomfort and poor appetite,but these symptoms disappeared after symptomatic treatment. At last follow-up, X-ray examination indicated that the lumbosacral angle was 23.4-34.2° (mean, 28.6°). According to Bridwell criteria, 5 cases gained grade I bone fusion, and 2 cases gained grade II bone fusion, without migration of bone graft, or loosening or breakage of titanium plate or bolt.Stage I anterior approach debridement and autologous iliac crest graft with single self-locked titanium plate internal fixation is safe and effective in treating lumbosacral tuberculosis. It can achieve good bone fusion and stable lumbosacral stability, and maintain good deformity correction.探讨前路一期病灶清除、自体髂骨植骨、单枚自锁钛板内固定治疗腰骶段结核的临床疗效。.2010年2月-2014年10月，采用前路一期病灶清除、自体髂骨植骨、单枚自锁钛板内固定治疗7例腰骶段结核。男5例，女2例；年龄18～65岁，平均41.6岁。病程5～21个月，平均8个月。患者有腰骶部疼痛、下肢单侧或双侧放射性疼痛、肌力及浅感觉障碍等症状和体征；Frankel脊髓损伤分级：C级1例，D级3例，E级3例。术前影像学检查均提示L患者手术均顺利完成，术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无相关并发症发生。7例均获随访，随访时间14～70个月，平均25.6个月。随访期间无复发，患者结核症状均消失、红细胞沉降率恢复正常。末次随访时，术前3例Frankel D级患者均恢复至E级，1例C级恢复至D级。2例术后出现腰骶部疼痛、取骨区疼痛，1例出现上腹部不适、纳差，经对症处理后症状消失。末次随访时腰骶角为23.4～34.2°，平均28.6°；根据Bridwell标准，5例植骨达Ⅰ级骨融合、2例Ⅱ级骨融合；未发生植骨块移位及钛板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。.前路一期病灶清除、自体髂骨植骨、单枚自锁钛板内固定治疗腰骶段结核安全、有效，可获得良好骨融合，腰骶段稳定性重建及畸形矫正维持良好。.

Ionosonde ionogram measurements over Sanya (18°N, 109°E; 13°N dip latitude), China during 2012–2013 are used to investigate the occurrence characteristics of spread-F (SF) and satellite traces (STs), and the possible correlation between them under the weak solar maximum of solar cycle 24. The SF and STs were manually identified from ionograms. The results show that the diurnal pattern of SF peaks at post-sunset during equinox, and at post-midnight during summer months, respectively. By classifying the SF into range spread-F (RSF) and frequency spread-F (FSF), it is found that the SF during equinox are mostly RSF associated with the equatorial F-region irregularities and can be explained by the generalized Rayleigh–Taylor instability. A statistics on the RSF and STs shows that not all RSF events were preceded by STs, and not all STs led to RSF development. The monthly mean value of the sunset ionospheric F2 layer peak height (hmF2) on RSF days is apparently higher than that on non RSF days. This result provides statistically consistent evidence that both the sunset rapid rising of the F-layer and the presence of F-region bottomside density perturbations (as indicated by STs) are important factors for the equinoctial RSF onset and development. However in summer months, the occurrences of RSF and FSF are comparable. Most FSF initiated at midnight. And there was no close relationship between the summer time FSF, F-layer height increase and STs. We suggest that the midnight FSF during summer months observed over Sanya might not be resulting from the decaying of post-sunset RSF initiated at equatorial latitude, but due to the quite localized generation of F-region irregularities.

Using the empirical ionospheric model, the flux-tube integrated electron density and the ratio between the F-region Pedersen conductivity and the total E- and F-region Pedersen conductivity are calculated to investigate the characteristics of the ionospheric asymmetry after sunset during a solar cycle. Furthermore, two indices representing the asymmetric strength of the parameters respectively are defined to study its relationship with the occurrences of the irregularities during different seasons and with different solar activities. The results indicate that the electron density and the Pedersen conductivity ratio show north-south remarkable hemispheric asymmetry at different solar energy levels. The asymmetric strengths represent the dependence on seasons and solar activities, and their variation depending on seasons and solar activities show a negative correlation with the occurrences of the equatorial irregularities and also have a negative relation with the linear growth rate of the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

Ionogram observations from the ionosonde at Fuke (9.5°N geomagnetic latitude), a Chinese low latitude station, in 2010–2012 are analyzed to present the features of F3 layer under low and moderate solar activity conditions. Structure of the ionogram, displaying the F3 layer, was more distinct and clear during MSA than LSA periods especially during spring to summer. Start time of occurrence of the F3 layer is about at 0830–0900 LT and is approximately the same for LSA and MSA conditions. The average duration time of the F3 layer occurrence was 181 min per day under F 10.7 = 75 condition, 263 min in F 10.7 = 99 and 358 min in F 10.7 = 125, respectively. The differences of h′F2 and h′F3 exhibited obvious semiannual variation observed at Fuke from March 2010 to June 2012 and increased with increasing solar activity. The difference of foF2 and foF3 in the months February, March, September, October and November is less evident in the middle solar activity period 2011–2012 than the low solar activity 2010 and in the other period it shows a slight increase (0.5 MHz) or keeps constant. The results show that the solar activity dependence of the F3 layer occurrence at low latitude away from the magnetic equator is different from that at near the magnetic equator.

To explore the surgical indications, decompression and fusion method, and fusion level selection of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and multi-segment lumbar spinal stenosis.Between April 2000 and November 2011, 46 cases of DLS and multi-segment lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with multi-level decompression by fenestration and crept enlargement plus internal fixation by interbody and posterior-lateral bone graft fusion (5 segments or above). Of 46 cases, 25 were male and 21 were female, with a mean age of 70.2 years (range, 65-81 years) and with a mean disease duration of 6.4 years (range, 4 years and 6 months to 13 years). X-ray films showed that the lumbar Cobb angle was (26.7 ± 10.0) degrees, and the lumbar lordotic angle was (20.3 ± 8.8)degrees. The lumbar CT and MRI images showed three-segment stenosis in 24 cases, four-segment stenosis in 17 cases, and five-segment stenosis in 5 cases. A total of 165 stenosed segments included 12 L1,2, 34 L2,3, 43 L3,4, 45 L4,5, and 31 L5 and S1. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score (29 points) were employed to evaluate effectiveness.Thirteen patients had leakage of cerebrospinal fluid during operation, and no infection was found after corresponding treatment; pulmonary infection and urinary system infection occurred in 4 and 2 patients respectively, who relieved after received antibiotic therapy; 8 patients with poor wound healing received dressing change, adequate drainage, debridement and suture. No death, paralysis, central nervous system infection, or other complication was observed in these patients. Forty-six cases were followed up 12-72 months (mean, 36.2 months). Lumbago and backache and intermittent claudication of lower extremity were obviously improved. During follow-up, no screw incising, loosening and broken screws, or pseudarthrosis was noted under X-ray film and CT scanning. At last follow-up, the lumbar Cobb angle was reduced to (9.8 ± 3.6) degrees, while the lumbar lordotic angle was increased to (34.1 ± 9.4) degrees, which were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones (t = 16.935, P = 0.000; t = 15.233, P = 0.000). At last follow-up, VAS, ODI, and JOA scores were 3.2 ± 1.2, 35.5% ± 14.0%, and 26.6 ± 5.7 respectively, showing significant differences when compared with preoperative scores (8.0 ± 2.2, 60.8% ± 13.3%, and 12.9 ± 3.4) (t = 19.857, P = 0.000; t = 16.642, P = 0.000; t = 15.922, P = 0.000).Multi-segment decompression by fenestration and crept enlargement plus internal fixation by interbody and posterior-lateral bone graft fusion is helpful to relieve nerve compression symptoms, rebuild spinal balance, and improve the life quality of the patients. It is a very effective way to treat DLS and multi-segment lumbar spinal stenosis.

[1] Detecting Doppler frequency shifts from ionospheric high-frequency echoes is an important way to study ionospheric disturbances. This paper presents and realizes a new mode for observation of ionospheric disturbances using a combination of coded pulses and echo phase measurement analysis in ionospheric vertical sounding based on the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) platform. Experimental results show that the newly developed mode for observation of ionospheric disturbances on CADI can acquire accurate Doppler ionogram (Dopplionogram) and obtain temporal and spatial variations of the velocity of ionospheric disturbances in real time so that it has essential value in observation and research of ionospheric disturbances. The application of the new mode for observation of ionospheric disturbances in ionospheric vertical sounding opens up a new, effective way by which much more ionospheric information can be acquired with existing common ionospheric sounding instruments.