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Abstract Background To investigate the spatial and morphologic features of lenses with different axial length (ALs) in cataract patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods Totally 105 eyes of 105 patients scheduled to have cataract surgery were included. Eyes were divided into the control (AL

Abstract Background Viral infections are known to induce the occurrence and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have indicated a possible relationship between SLE and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and have attributed HCMV to be associated with various autoantibodies; however, these studies were constrained by variations in sample size and potential selection bias. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between HCMV and autoantibodies in patients with SLE by integrating clinical data and genetic susceptibility. Methods Using various statistical methods, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the spectrum of SLE autoantibodies and HCMV infections among patients hospitalized at our center over the past 10 years. Machine learning modeling was used to predict active HCMV infections based on the antinuclear (ANA) spectrum. Moreover, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to investigate the causal relationship between SLE and HCMV infection. Results In the HCMV group, the levels of ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-histone antibody (AHA), and anti-nucleosome antibody (ANuA) were significantly increased (P 0.05). Conclusion The ANA spectrum in patients with SLE can be used to predict HCMV infection status. Due to the inherent susceptibility of patients with SLE to HCMV infection, we propose for the first time that if a patient with SLE exhibits high serum titers of ANA, anti-dsDNA, ANuA, and AHA, caution should be exercised for HCMV infection, which can contribute to the clinical assessment of SLE and improve patient prognosis.

Background: High myopia is one of the major causes of visual impairment and has an ever-increasing prevalence, especially in East Asia. It is characterized by excessive axial elongation, leading to various blinding complications that extend beyond mere refractive errors and persist immovably after refractive surgery, presenting substantial public health challenge. Main text: High myopia-related complications include lens pathologies, atrophic and tractional maculopathy, choroidal neovascularization, peripheral retinal degenerations and retinal detachment, and glaucoma and heightened susceptibility to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Pathological lens changes characteristic of high myopia include early cataractogenesis, overgrowth of lens, weakened zonules, and postoperative capsular contraction syndrome, possibly driven by inflammatory pathogenesis, etc. Dome-shaped macula and cilioretinal arteries are two newly identified protective factors for central vision of highly myopic patients. These patients also face risks of open-angle glaucoma and IOP spike following intraocular surgery. Morphologic alternations of optic nerve in high myopia can complicate early glaucoma detection, necessitating comprehensive examinations and close follow-up. Anatomically, thinner trabecular meshwork increases this risk; conversely lamina cribrosa defects may offer a fluid outlet, potentially mitigating the pressure. Notably, anxiety has emerged as the first recognized extra-ocular complication in high myopia, with an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis that connects visual stimulus, blood and brain. Conclusions: High myopia induces multiple ocular and potential mental health complications, underscoring the need to develop more effective strategies to improve both physical and emotional well-being of these patients, among which anti-inflammation might possibly represent a promising new target.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory tissue disease. In view of the explosive growth in research on SLE, bibliometrics was performed to evaluate the 100 top-cited papers in this realm. We performed the search with terms “systemic lupus erythematosus” the Web of Science Core Collection database on May 3, 2023. Relevant literatures were screened. Data were extracted and analyzed by SPSS. The citations of 100 top-cited SLE studies spanned from 472 to 13,557. Most studies (60 out of 100) were conducted in the United States. Total citation times were positively associated with ACY, which was negatively correlated with the length of time since publication. Approximately half of the studies focused on the underlying mechanisms of SLE. New biologic therapies garnered attention and development. Our findings provide valuable insights into the developments in crucial areas of SLE and shed contributions to future studies.

This study utilized meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify risk factors for endocrine-related immune-related adverse events (EirAEs) and to ascertain whether EirAEs confer better prognosis of immunotherapy. The meta-analysis identified several risk factors for EirAEs, including elevated baseline TSH (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.10–1.53), positive TgAb (OR = 14.23, p

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are prevalent among patients with chronic lung diseases (CLDs) and adversely impact their quality of life. This study aims to explore the association of grip strength (GS), sleep duration, and comorbidities with depressive symptoms in patients with CLDs, with an in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms.MethodsBased on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study included participants aged 45 and above with diagnosed CLDs. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Binary logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and network analysis were conducted to examine the intricate relationships between GS, sleep duration, comorbidities, and specific depressive symptoms.ResultsAmong the 1,427 participants, 39.8% exhibited depressive symptoms. Adjusted analyses revealed that GS (OR = 0.964, p < 0.001) and sleep duration (OR = 0.808, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas the number of comorbid chronic diseases (OR = 1.189, p < 0.001) showed a significant positive correlation with depressive symptoms. Subgroup analyses demonstrated variations in these relationships across different demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Network analysis pinpointed “depressed” as the core symptom, with “annoyed,” “exhausted,” and “lonely” as secondary core symptoms. The robust associations between specific factors and depressive symptoms (GS with “annoyed,” sleep and comorbid chronic diseases with “depressed”) suggested potential targets for interventions.ConclusionThis study underscores the complex interplay of GS, sleep duration, and comorbidities with depressive symptoms in patients with CLDs. These findings offer new perspectives for improving the mental health of this vulnerable population.

Background Immune escape is an important feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overall response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in HCC is still limited. Revealing the immune regulation mechanisms and finding new immune targets are expected to further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Our study aims to use CRISPR screening mice models to identify potential targets that play a critical role in HCC immune evasion and further explore their value in improving immunotherapy.Methods We performed CRISPR screening in two mice models with different immune backgrounds (C57BL/6 and NPG mice) and identified the immunosuppressive gene Gsk3a as a candidate for further investigation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the impact of Gsk3a on immune cell infiltration and T-cell function. RNA sequencing was used to identify the changes in neutrophil gene expression induced by Gsk3a and alterations in downstream molecules. The therapeutic value of the combination of Gsk3a inhibitors and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody was also explored.Results Gsk3a, as an immune inhibitory target, significantly promoted tumor growth in immunocompetent mice rather than immune-deficient mice. Gsk3a inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) function by inducing neutrophil chemotaxis. Gsk3a promoted self-chemotaxis of neutrophil expression profiles and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation to block T-cell activity through leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1). A significant synergistic effect was observed when Gsk3a inhibitor was in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.Conclusions We identified a potential HCC immune evasion target, Gsk3a, through CRISPR screening. Gsk3a induces neutrophil recruitment and NETs formation through the intermediate molecule LRG1, leading to the inhibition of CTLs function. Targeting Gsk3a can enhance CTLs function and improve the efficacy of ICIs.

Background: Non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC) persists as a lethal neoplastic manifestation, exhibiting a diminished 5-year survival rate, partially attributable to chemotherapeutic resistance. This investigative endeavor aimed to elucidate the synergistic antineoplastic effects and underlying mechanisms of the SMYD2 inhibitor BAY-598 and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) in NSCLC. Methods: The human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H460 were subjected to treatment regimens involving BAY-598 and/or DOX. Cellular viability, apoptotic events, invasive capacity, and migratory potential were evaluated through the implementation of CCK-8 assays, flow cytometric analyses, and Transwell assays, respectively. Protein expression levels were quantified via Western blot analyses. An in vivo xenograft murine model was established to assess therapeutic efficacy. Results: BAY-598 and DOX synergistically suppressed the viability, invasiveness, and migratory capabilities of NSCLC cells. Co-treatment Promoting cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, Furthermore, co-administration significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed coordinately inhibited JAK-STAT signaling upon combination treatment. In vivo study further validated the synergistic antitumor efficacy of BAY-598 and DOX against NSCLC xenografts. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that BAY-598 potentiates the anti-cancer effects of DOX in non-small cell lung cancer cells by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as a synergistic strategy. The combination holds promise as an emerging therapeutic strategy for NSCLC. Further optimization and validation are warranted to promote its translational potential.

Abstract High myopia is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It may lead to emotional defects that rely closely on the link between visual sensation and the central nervous system. However, the extent of the defects and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, we report that highly myopic patients exhibit greater anxiety, accompanied by higher CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and monocyte levels in the blood. Similar findings are found in the mouse model of high myopia. Mechanistic evaluations using GFP-positive bone marrow chimeric mice, parabiotic mouse model, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, etc., show that highly myopic visual stimulation increases CCL2 expression in eyes, aggravates monocyte/macrophage infiltration into eyes and brains, and disrupts blood–ocular barrier and blood–brain barrier of mice. Conversely, Ccl2-deficient highly myopic mice exhibit attenuated ocular and brain infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, reduced disruption of the blood–ocular barrier and blood–brain barrier, and less anxiety. Substantial alleviation of high myopia-related anxiety can also be achieved with the administration of CCL2-neutralizing antibodies. Our results establish the association between high myopia and anxiety, and implicate the CCL2-mediated inflammatory pathogenesis as an underlying mechanism.

Abstract The therapeutic efficacy of whole tumor cell vaccines (TCVs) is modest, which has delayed their translation into personalized immunotherapies in the clinic. Here, we develop a TCV platform based on photothermal nanoparticle-loaded tumor cells, which can be rationally applied to diverse tumor types to achieve on-demand boost of anti-tumor immune responses for inhibiting tumor growth. During the fabrication process, mild photothermal heating by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation induces the nanoparticle-bearing tumor cells to express heat shock proteins as endogenous adjuvants. After a single vaccination at the back of tumor-bearing mice, non-invasive NIR laser irradiation further induces mild hyperthermia at vaccination site, which promotes the recruitment, activation, and antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Using an indicator we term fluctuation of tumor growth rate, we determine appropriate irradiation regimens (including optimized irradiation intervals and times). This TCV platform enables on-demand NIR manipulation of immune responses, and we demonstrate potent therapeutic efficacy against six murine models that mimick a range of clinical scenarios, including a model based on humanized mice and patient-derived tumor xenografts.

With the rapid development of the construction of beautiful villages in China, traditional settlements of natural growth have been replaced by neatly planned new villages, which seem to improve the living quality of residents but destroy the original village texture. Most of them take advantage of the common cultural tourism development means in China, which leads to other ancient villages scrambling to follow suit and the emergence of thousands of villages and other problems that need to be solved urgently. This paper first reviews the development history and operational practice of spatial narrative design, extracts the relevance and transformability between narratology and architecture through theoretical research and analysis, and summarizes the methods of rational use of narrative space organization and arrangement according to different narrative themes. This paper tries to innovate the narrative elements according to the village unit scale, explore a new way of village reconstruction and renewal of narrative architecture, break the situation that the strategy is mostly used for the design of a single building, then by means of an update practice of Jingxing County Lvjia village, summarize the traditional village renewal path under the perspective of narrative architecture.

Abstract Introduction To evaluate the characteristics of optic nerve head (ONH) in highly myopic eyes and its role in predicting intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes after cataract surgery. Methods Patients who are highly myopic and were scheduled for cataract surgery were enrolled in this prospective case series study. IOP was measured preoperatively and at 1 day and 3 days postoperatively. ONH characteristics including area, tilt ratio, lamina cribrosa (LC) thickness, and depth, and the presence of LC defects were evaluated with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Factors influencing LC defects and early IOP spike were investigated using multivariate stepwise logistic regression. Results In total, 200 highly myopic eyes of 200 patients were analyzed: 35.00% had small ONH, 53.00% had ONH tilt, and 14.00% had LC defects. Multivariate analysis demonstrated female patients with larger ONH area and deeper LC tended to have LC defects (all P 0.05), higher (all P 28 mm was a risk factor (all P

Abstract Background To investigate the visual and patient-reported outcomes of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in highly myopic eyes. Methods Patients with planned cataract removal by phacoemulsification and implantation of a trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP) were enrolled in the prospective, multicenter cohort study. Patients were allocated into three groups according to their axial length (AL): control group, AL

Abstract Background Quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method is an advanced quick method for contrast sensitivity function (CSF) evaluation. This study evaluated the contrast sensitivity (CS) of eyes undergoing cataract surgery with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and its tolerance to IOL tilt and IOL decentration using the qCSF method. Methods Patients undergoing uneventful phacoemulsification and a trifocal IOL (Zeiss AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss, Germany) or an extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL (Tecnis Symfony ZXR00, Johnson & Johnsons, USA) implantation were included. Monocular contrast sensitivity was measured using the qCSF method at one month post-surgery. IOL tilt and decentration were measured using an optical aberrometer (OPD-Scan III, NIDEK, Japan). Results Seventy-two patients/eyes with the 839MP IOL and 64 patients/eyes with the ZXR00 IOL were included. Area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and CS acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups. The ZXR00 IOL group showed better CS at 1 cpd (1.137 ± 0.164 vs. 1.030 ± 0.183 logCS) and 1.5 cpd (1.163 ± 0.163 vs. 1.071 ± 0.161 logCS), while the 839MP IOL group had better CS at 6 cpd (0.855 ± 0.187 vs. 0.735 ± 0.363 logCS). In the 839MP IOL group, all CSF metrics were negatively correlated with IOL tilt (all P 0.05). Among myopic eyes, fewer CSF metrics were negatively correlated with IOL tilt in the ZXR00 IOL group than in the 839MP IOL group. No significant correlation was found between CSF metrics and IOL decentration. Conclusions The ZXR00 and the 839MP IOL groups presented comparable CSF. CS was negatively correlated with IOL tilt, instead of decentration in multifocal IOLs, particularly among myopic eyes. The ZXR00 IOL had better tolerance to IOL tilt in myopic eyes.

Myopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in the world. With ever-increasing prevalence in these years, it creates an alarming global epidemic. In addition to the difficulty in seeing distant objects, myopia also increases the risk of cataract and advances its onset, greatly affecting the productivity of myopes of working age. Cataract management in myopic eyes, especially highly myopic eyes is originally more complicated than that in normal eyes, whereas the growing population of cataract with myopia, increasing popularity of corneal and lens based refractive surgery, and rising demand for spectacle independence after cataract surgery all further pose unprecedented challenges to ophthalmologists. Previous history of corneal refractive surgery and existence of implantable collamer lens will both affect the accuracy of biometry including measurement of corneal curvature and axial length before cataract surgery, which may result in larger intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction errors and a compromise in the surgical outcome especially in a refractive cataract surgery. A prudent choice of formula for cataract patients with different characteristics is essential in improving this condition. Besides, the characteristics of myopic eyes might affect the long-term stability of IOL, which is important for the maintenance of visual outcomes especially after the implantation of premium IOLs, thus a proper selection of IOL accordingly is crucial. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the impact of myopia epidemic on treatment for cataract and to discuss new challenges that surgeons may encounter in the foreseeable future when planning refractive cataract surgery for myopic patients.

Abstract Tumor immune microenvironment exerts a profound effect on the population of infiltrating immune cells. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cells, particularly during inflammation and tissue injury. However, its function in cancer and immunity remains enigmatic. In this study, we find that TIMP1 is substantially up-regulated during tumorigenesis through analyzing cancer bioinformatics databases, which is further confirmed by IHC tissue microarrays of clinical samples. The TIMP1 level is significantly increased in lymphocytes infiltrating the tumors and correlated with cancer progression, particularly in GBM. Notably, we find that the transcriptional factor Sp1 binds to the promoter of TIMP1 and triggers its expression in GBM. Together, our findings suggest that the Sp1-TIMP1 axis can be a potent biomarker for evaluating immune cell infiltration at the tumor sites and therefore, the malignant progression of GBM.

Face centered cubic (FCC) structural medium/high entropy alloys (MEAs), characterized by excellent strength and ductility, have attracted significant attention by the research community. The incorporation of gradient structures (GSs) further can enhance their mechanical properties. In the present research, we employ the rotation acceleration shot peening technique to introduce a GS within the CoCrNi FCC MEA to investigate underlying mechanisms governing the physical deformation processes during the generation of GSs through processing, which the primary goal is mitigating the intrinsic trade-off between strength and ductility. Through the microstructures analysis along the depth direction, both pre and post uniaxial tensile plastic deformation, we unveiled that the low stacking fault (SF) energy characteristic of the CoCrNi MEA triggered the emergence of diverse defects in the core region. The presence of nanoscale deformation twins, SFs, Lomer–Cottrell dislocation locks and phase transformation from FCC to hexagonal close-packed at twin boundaries synergistically enhanced the strain hardening capacity of the material.

Targeting damage to mitochondria has become an effective strategy antitumor therapies. Here, the authors report on nanoagents with upconversion nanoparticles as cores and photoacid-loaded MOFs as shells for NIR triggered Fenton reaction, acidification and calcium overload to provide synergistic mitochondrial damage.

The commercialization of sodium-ion batteries has been hampered by the anode’s performance. Carbon-based anodes have always had great application prospects, but traditional graphite anodes have great application limitations due to the inability of reversible insertion/de-insertion of sodium ions in them, while hard carbon materials have the high theoretical capacity, low reaction potential has received extensive attention in recent years. Nevertheless, the low first cycle Coulomb efficiency and rapid capacity decline of hard carbon materials limited its application. SEI has always played a crucial role in the electrochemical process. By controlling the formation of SEI, researchers have increased the efficiency of sodium-ion battery anodes, although the composition of SEI and how it evolved are still unknown. This paper briefly summarizes the research progress of hard carbon anode surface SEI in sodium-ion batteries in recent years. From the perspectives of characterization methods, structural composition, and regulation strategies is reviewed, and the future development directions of these three directions are suggested. The reference opinions are provided for the reference researchers.

Abstract Background To evaluate the distribution of lens thickness (LT) and its associations with other ocular biometric factors among cataract patients in Shanghai. Methods Twenty-four thousand thirteen eyes from 24,013 cataract patients were retrospectively included. Ocular biometric factors including LT, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, anterior corneal curvature, and axial length (AL) were obtained using the IOLMaster700. The associations between LT and general or ocular factors were assessed. Results The mean age was 62.5 ± 13.6 years and 56.1% were female. The mean LT was 4.51 ± 0.46 mm. The LT was greater in older patients (P

High myopia is associated with lens changes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show increased equatorial diameter of the lens in subjects affected by high myopia, and find that these changes are associated with an increase in crystallin expression driven by the transcription factor MAF and TGF-β1 signaling.

Abstract Background To investigate the decentration and tilt of plate-haptic multifocal intraocular lenses (MfIOLs) in myopic eyes. Methods Myopic (axial length [AXL] > 24.5 mm) and non-myopic (21.0 mm

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the influence of intraocular lens (IOL) weight on long-term IOL stability in highly myopic eyes.Materials and MethodsA total of 205 highly myopic cataract eyes of 205 patients implanted with the MC X11 ASP (Group A, 86 eyes) or 920H IOL (Group B, 119 eyes) were included in this retrospective study. Eyes were divided into 3 subgroups according to the IOL power: low (≥-5 to

For the first time, β-Ga2O3 were prepared on 4H-SiC (0001) substrates using a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technique. The obtained β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterostructures display strongly preferential growth orientation along the <201> of β-Ga2O3. Combining the experimental results, interfacial properties, such as the work of adhesion (Wad), electronic properties and bonding characteristics of β-Ga2O3(201)/4H-SiC(0001) heterointerface were systemically studied using first principles. Four different β-Ga2O3(201)/4H-SiC(0001) interface models composed of different atom stacking sequences were established. It was found that the interface consisting of silicon terminated of 4H-SiC (0001), and oxygen terminated of β-Ga2O3(201) (Si-O) has the lowest relaxation energy and the highest stability. Results indicated that the binding of interface Si and C to the O atoms is stronger than that to the Ga atoms. The results of the difference charge density and electron localization function reveals that the Si and C atoms at interface are bonded with O atoms of β-Ga2O3 by covalent bonds, in which Si-O and C-O covalent bonds play a favorable role in the final stable configurations formation. This work will provide a further understanding of the various electronic behaviors of the β-Ga2O3(201)/4H-SiC(0001) heterointerface.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of analysis mode selection on prediction accuracy of corneal astigmatism using Pentacam.Methods: Fifty-nine eyes of 59 patients implanted with toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) were included in the retrospective study. Preoperative corneal astigmatism (total refractive power) measured with Pentacam was analyzed based on 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-mm ring or zone mode either centered on corneal apex or pupil center. Actual corneal astigmatism was calculated based on residual astigmatism on the corneal plane, surgical-induced astigmatism, and effective toric power on the corneal plane. Prediction error, the difference between actual corneal astigmatism and measured astigmatism, was compared among different analysis modes. Influences of local topography on prediction error were also evaluated.Results: Based on the zone mode, prediction error was lower when centered on corneal apex than on pupil center at different diameters, whereas based on the ring mode, this difference was only seen at 2-mm cornea (all P < 0.05). When centered on the corneal apex, the zone mode showed lower prediction error than the ring mode at 4- and 5-mm corneas (both P < 0.001), regardless of asymmetric or symmetric astigmatism. In symmetric bowtie, the zone mode showed lower prediction error than the ring mode at 2-mm cornea of the small bowtie, and 4- and 5-mm corneas of the large bowtie (all P < 0.05).Conclusions: For toric IOL planning, the corneal apex may be a better reference center. At a cornea diameter ≥4 mm, the zone mode is more accurate than the ring mode. Local topography affects prediction accuracy in the symmetric bowtie.

Purpose: To investigate the distributions of the ocular anterior and posterior segment lengths among a cataract surgical population in Shanghai.Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: Ocular biometric parameters of 23,462 eyes of 23,462 cataract surgery candidates were reviewed. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were obtained using IOL Master. Anterior segment length (ASL = ACD + LT), posterior segment length (PSL = AL – ASL) and the ratio of ASL to PSL (ASL/PSL) were calculated.Results: The mean ASL was 7.58 ± 0.39 mm, the mean PSL was 17.12 ± 2.64 mm. As the age grew, the ASL increased, and PSL increased firstly then decreased. Male subjects tended to have significantly longer ASL and shorter PSL than female subjects. With the increasing AL, the ASL was firstly decreased to trough at 20–22 mm AL group, then increased gradually, while the PSL increased rapidly. The ASL correlated positively with AL in normal, moderate and highly myopic eyes, negatively in short eyes. The PSL correlated positively with AL across the entire study population. The ASL/PSL was not constant in the eyes with different AL but had a relatively steep downward trend with the increasing AL in the short eyes, then decreased smoothly in normal, moderate and highly myopic eyes.Conclusions: In Chinese cataractous eyes, longer ASL and shorter PSL were associated with elder age and male gender. The change of ASL over AL was not linear, and the ASL was smallest in the eyes with AL of 20–22 mm. The elongation of the eyeball was mainly due to the extension of the posterior segment.

BackgroundDue to complicated and variable fundus status of highly myopic eyes, their visual benefit from cataract surgery remains hard to be determined preoperatively. We therefore aimed to develop an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based deep learning algorithms to predict the postoperative visual acuity of highly myopic eyes after cataract surgery.Materials and MethodsThe internal dataset consisted of 1,415 highly myopic eyes having cataract surgeries in our hospital. Another external dataset consisted of 161 highly myopic eyes from Heping Eye Hospital. Preoperative macular OCT images were set as the only feature. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 4 weeks after surgery was set as the ground truth. Five different deep learning algorithms, namely ResNet-18, ResNet-34, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and Inception-v3, were used to develop the model aiming at predicting the postoperative BCVA, and an ensemble learning was further developed. The model was further evaluated in the internal and external test datasets.ResultsThe ensemble learning showed the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.1566 logMAR and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.2433 logMAR in the validation dataset. Promising outcomes in the internal and external test datasets were revealed with MAEs of 0.1524 and 0.1602 logMAR and RMSEs of 0.2612 and 0.2020 logMAR, respectively. Considerable sensitivity and precision were achieved in the BCVA < 0.30 logMAR group, with 90.32 and 75.34% in the internal test dataset and 81.75 and 89.60% in the external test dataset, respectively. The percentages of the prediction errors within ± 0.30 logMAR were 89.01% in the internal and 88.82% in the external test dataset.ConclusionPromising prediction outcomes of postoperative BCVA were achieved by the novel OCT-trained deep learning model, which will be helpful for the surgical planning of highly myopic cataract patients.

On the basis of an external and static perspective on the topological structure of collaborative innovation networks, it is extremely difficult to answer the two most important concerns, namely, which structure is ideal and how to develop it in practice. By contrast, this study transfers to internal and dynamic perspectives, and then proposes that the essence of developing the ideal network lies in choosing the best partners. Therefore, we firstly propose the basic decision-making rules for selecting partners. In order of priority: knowledge distance, knowledge complementarity and barter exchange. Secondly, a model is constructed to describe this process of selecting partners and exchanging knowledge. Thirdly, the simulation results show that a small-world network is ideal in the initial stage of collaborative innovation. However, a random network is ideal in the mature periods. This result shows that the ideal network structure is not fixed, but affected by the life cycle of collaborative innovation alliance. Furthermore, this supports the notion that a small world is spontaneously generated in the real world, and also confirms that the formation of a small-world network will be driven intrinsically by a firm’s demand for external knowledge, and not necessarily by the external driving force of social capital. Finally, these findings solve the above two most important questions.

Purpose: To develop a photographic classification for cilioretinal arteries and to investigate its association with myopic macular degeneration (MMD).Methods: One thousand six hundred ninety-two highly myopic eyes of 1,692 patients were included. The presence of a cilioretinal artery was determined by fundus photographs, and a photographic classification was proposed. MMD was classified according to the International META-PM Classification. Associations of the cilioretinal artery and its classifications with MMD and visual acuity were analyzed.Results: Of the eyes tested, 245 (14.5%) had a cilioretinal artery. The cilioretinal arteries were classified into four categories (temporal “cake-fork,” 35.92%; temporal “ribbon,” 53.47%; “multiple,” 6.53%; “nasal,” 4.08%) and 3 distributions based on whether its visible branches reached the central foveal area. Eyes with cilioretinal arteries had significantly less MMD of grade ≥3 and better visual acuity than those without (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that younger age, male sex, shorter axial length, and the presence of a cilioretinal artery were associated with better visual acuity in highly myopic eyes (all P < 0.05). The “nasal” category presented more MMD with grade ≥3 and worse visual acuity than the other categories (P < 0.05), whereas the “multiple” category contained no eyes with MMD grade ≥3. The cilioretinal arteries reaching the central foveal area showed less MMD of grade ≥3 and better visual acuity than those not (P < 0.05).Conclusions: We propose a photographic classification for cilioretinal arteries that has good clinical relevance to visual functions. The cilioretinal artery may potentially afford protection against MMD.

In order to verify the interlayer bonding effect of double-layer continuous paving technology of the thick cement-stabilized base and solve the construction quality control problem of the double-layer continuous paving, based on the interlayer bonding mechanism and the evenness passing mechanism, the laboratory interlayer adhesion test, field test of evenness disturbance, and compaction test were conducted to verify the continuous paving interlayer bonding state. The effect of interval time on interlayer bonding state, evenness, and compactness was analyzed, and construction quality control measures were proposed. The test results show that the double-layer continuous paving process could significantly improve the interlayer bonding state, but there is still a gap from the ideal state (completely continuous). The pull-off strength of continuous paving specimens was 2.1 times that of the discontinuous paving specimens; the shear strength was 2.4 times that of discontinuous paving specimens. At different paving intervals, the longitudinal evenness of the upper and lower layers has little difference. The 140 kN axle load controls the transverse evenness disturbance within 3 mm, which met the requirements of the specification. Based on the evenness passing mechanism, the evenness control standard of double-layer continuous paving base was proposed. The compaction process of double-layer continuous paving base was proposed, and the feasibility was verified through the field test of compaction. The best interval time for double-layer continuous paving was also proposed; it is recommended that the best time for paving the upper layer is after the lower layer is laid for 6 hours (the final setting time of the cement). The construction quality control measures proposed in this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of double-layer continuous paving technology with thick cement-stabilized base.