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In order to reduce the cost of wellheads, the production rate of the gas wells in the Hechuan Gas Field are mostly measured in groups, which raises a stringent barrier for industries to determine the production rate of each single well. The technique for determining the production of a single well from the production of the well-group can be called the production splitting method (PSM). In this work, we proposed a novel PSM for the multi-well-monitor system (MWMS) on the basis of the Beggs and Brill (BB) correlation. This proposed method can account for the multi-phase flow together with the features of the pipelines. Specifically, we discretize the pipeline into small segments and recognize the flow pattern in each segment. The pressure drop along the pipeline is calculated with the Beggs and Brill correlation, and the production of each well is subsequently determined with a trial method. We also applied this proposed method to a field case, and the calculated results show that the results from this work undergo an excellent agreement with the field data.

A novel dexamethasone palmitate liposomal long-circulating (DPL long-circulating) drug delivery system was established. The DPL long-circulating and DPL (dexamethasone palmitate liposomal) systems were prepared by film-distributed extrusion with phospholipid and cholesterol. The formulation stability of DPL long-circulating and DPL were investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of DPL long-circulating, DPL and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (DSP) were evaluated with mice. The DPL long-circulating systems were successfully prepared by film-distributed extrusion methods. The experimental results showed that the DPL long-circulating had uniform particle size and stable property. The DPL long-circulating and DPL showed stronger anti-inflammatory effect than DSP in an anti-inflammatory test. Acute toxicity tests showed that DSP injection had lower toxicity than the DPL long-circulating and DPL, which suggested that DPL long-circulating and DPL had higher bioavailability with passive targeting efficacy of liposomes. The DPL long-circulating formulation product can meet quality requirement. This formulation had stronger anti-inflammatory effect and higher acute toxicity.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) is one of the leading Gram-negative organisms associated with nosocomial infections. The increasing frequency of MDR-PA has represented a huge challenge in conventional antibacterial therapy. The loss of effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics calls for the immediate need to develop an alternative strategy for combating MDR-PA infections. The multiantibiotic resistance of MDR-PA is largely attributable to the production of multidrug efflux pumps, MexAB-OprM. OprM forms the antibiotic-ejecting duct and plays a crucial role in exporting incoming chemotherapeutic agents across the membranes. Disruption of the OprM expression may inhibit the function of multidrug efflux pumps and lead to restoration of MDR-PA susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, we developed a novel anion liposome for encapsulating and delivering specific anti-oprM phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (PS-ODN617) and polycation polyethylenimine (PEI) complexes. The additions of the encapsulated anti-oprM PS-ODN617/PEI to MDR-PA isolates caused a significant reduction of oprM expression and inhibition of MDR-PA growth in the presence of piperacillin in a concentration-dependent manner. The encapsulated PS-ODN617 treatment also reduced minimal inhibitory concentrations of five most commonly used antibiotics to the sensitive margin values on MDR-PA clinical isolates, respectively. The results of present study firstly indicate that PS-ODN targeted to oprM can significantly restore the susceptibility of MDR-PA to existing antibiotics, which appears to be a novel strategy for treating MDR-PA infections.