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Abstract Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Recent studies suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of PDN, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we found decreased probiotics generating bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains in the PDN rats. Supplementation with multiple probiotics for 12 weeks alleviated pain, reversed nerve fiber lesions, and restored neuronal hyperexcitability. Probiotics administration effectively attenuated intestinal barrier impairment, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, and mitigated disruptions in the blood-nerve barrier. Furthermore, probiotics treatment inhibited the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced proinflammatory cytokines in the sciatic nerve of the PDN rats. Together, our findings suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis participates in PDN pathogenesis, and probiotics offer therapeutic potential via modulating the microbiota-gut-nerve axis. Graphical abstract

Evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction should have significant influences on genetic divergence and polymorphism at the genome level. Plant lineages with diverse reproductive systems provide opportunities to investigate this question using comparative approaches and studies of molecular evolution. We investigated evidence for differences among the transcriptomes of 19 Dioscorea species (wild yams) with diverse reproductive systems. These included sexual species, those that propagate primarily by bulbils, and those with mixed sexual and asexual reproductive modes. We examined how transitions between these reproductive systems affected between-species divergence and within-species polymorphism. Primarily asexual species exhibited a reduced efficacy of natural selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations for both divergence and polymorphism. In contrast, species with mixed reproductive strategies involving both seed and clonal reproduction showed no evidence of an increased fixation of harmful mutations at the divergence level, while an accumulation of genetic load present in polymorphism was evident. Our study indicates that the genetic consequences of evolutionary transitions from sexual to predominantly clonal reproduction is likely to depend on both the duration and extent of asexuality occurring in populations.

Abstract Objective To assess the carbon footprint, accessibility, and diagnostic performance of an expedited ‘One‐Stop’ prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic pathway. Materials and methods A total of 1083 consecutive patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by transrectal ultrasound fusion‐guided prostate biopsy (PBx) were identified from a prospective database. The patients were divided according to the diagnostic pathway: One‐Stop, with MRI and same‐day PBx (3 hours apart), or Standard, with MRI followed by a second visit for PBx. Socioeconomic status was evaluated by the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) and the carbon footprint by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gases Equivalencies Calculator. Results Overall, 260 patients underwent the One‐Stop and 823 the Standard pathway. The One‐Stop patients lived farther from the hospital (163 vs. 23 km; p

Copper-64 (64Cu, T1/2=12.7 h) is a medical radionuclide with a moderate half-life that is commonly employed in positron emission tomography imaging. Additionally, it can pair with 67Cu to form a theranostic radionuclide pair for targeted radionuclide therapy in nuclear medicine. The research employed a domestic 14.6 MeV cyclotron to produce 64Cu via the 64Ni(p,n)64Cu. The design of the electroplated target and energy degrader were optimized through computational simulations. The material selected for the energy degrader was graphite, due to its high thermal conductivity. Utilizing a proton of 10.4→8.7 MeV, 64Cu was produced without the unintended impurity 63Cu occurring. After a one-hour bombardment, with a beam current of 50 μA, 5.22 GBq 64Cu was obtained (decay-corrected to end of bombardment). Employing an anion exchange method to purify 64Cu, a molar activity greater than 5 GBq/nmol and a radionuclidic purity of 99.90% was obtained. This study presented a technique for enhancing simulations by considering real operational conditions in order to enhance the utilization of 64Ni, minimize the presence of 63Cu impurities, and achieve 64Cu radionuclide. It serves as a guide for producing other possible medical radionuclides and for producing 64Cu at different facilities.

Abstract. Background:. Uterine fibroids (UFs), the most common tumors in women worldwide, may reduce quality of life and daily activities and even lead to adverse fertility and general health events in patients, causing significant societal health and financial burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the global burden through epidemiological trends and examine the potential risk factors for UFs at the national level. Methods:. Data on the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), and age-standardized DALY rates for UFs were collected, and the associations with the Human Development Index (HDI) and fertility were evaluated. The age trends in the average annual percent change (AAPC) of the incidence and prevalence rates of UFs were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis. The associations between lifestyle, metabolic, and socioeconomic factors and the ASIRs of UFs were examined using multivariable linear regression analysis. Results:. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of UFs have been increasing in the past decade, with AAPCs of 0.27% in the incidence rate and 0.078% in the prevalence rate. During 2010–2019, significant increasing trends in UF ASIR were observed in 52 of 88 countries. The age-specific incidence and prevalence of UFs in most age groups showed increasing trends except for 45–54-year-old women which showed no significant trend. Ecological analysis demonstrated no relationship between the incidence of UFs and the HDI but an inverse association with fertility. The incidence of UFs was positively correlated with alcohol intake, hypertension, overweight, and obesity and negatively correlated with smoking. Conclusion:. With the increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide, effective targeted prevention and control of relevant risk factors at the national level should be encouraged to reduce the disease burden of UFs.

Metagentiana jiangyouensis, a new species of Gentianaceae from Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to Metagentiana villifera, but differs by the fact that the plant is glabrous and has 1–4 flowering stems, well-developed basal vegetative rosettes, a pale purple corolla with dark purple spots on the tube and erose or denticulate, non-fringed plicae margins. It also somewhat resembles M. rhodantha, but can be easily distinguished by having shorter stems, entire leaf margins, smooth, shorter sepal lobes, spotted corolla tubes, non-fringed plicae and narrowly winged seeds.

Abstract In recent years, with the continuous development of urban transportation, the durability of concrete bridge structures has become increasingly prominent. Many in-service concrete bridges exhibit issues such as cracks, excessive deflection, and a significant reduction in load-bearing capacity during their service life. To meet the requirements of sustainable development, it is urgent to assess the durability of bridges accurately. Therefore, this paper establishes a scientific and reliable evaluation index system for the durability of in-service concrete bridges. Based on a review of the literature and relevant standards and specifications, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for the durability of in-service concrete bridges and calculates the weights using a combination weighting method. The durability of the bridges is assessed using the extension cloud model theory, and MATLAB is utilized for efficient and accurate computation and analysis, ultimately determining the durability grades of the bridges. The method was applied to the durability assessment of five in-service concrete bridges, and the results were in high agreement with the measured data, proving its effectiveness and accuracy. The research results provide a scientific basis for the management and maintenance of concrete bridges, which can help extend their service life. Future studies will expand the sample to cover more bridge types to comprehensively assess and enhance the durability of bridges.

Abstract The levels of fasting-state serum bile acids (BAs) in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) differ from those of control subjects. However, there is a lack of research on the BAs profile in lean women with PCOS and whether these changes are linked to the host metabolism. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the synthesis and metabolism of serum BAs in lean women with PCOS and assess the correlation between BAs and clinical characteristics. This study employed a cross-sectional design of lean women with PCOS (n = 240) in comparison to a control group (n = 80) consisting of healthy lean women. The findings revealed significant increases in the levels of non-12-OH BAs and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)% (both P

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare transperineal (TP) vs transrectal (TR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-guided prostate biopsy (PBx) in a large, ethnically diverse and multiracial cohort. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent multiparametric (mp) MRI followed by TP or TR TRUS-fusion guided PBx, were identified from a prospective database (IRB #HS-13-00663). All patients underwent mpMRI followed by 12-14 core systematic PBx. A minimum of two additional target-biopsy cores were taken per PIRADS≥3 lesion. The endpoint was the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa; Grade Group, GG≥2). Statistical significance was defined as p

Abstract Background With the fast-paced advancements of robot technology, human–robot interaction (HRI) has become increasingly popular and complex, and self-efficacy in HRI has received extensive attention. Despite its popularity, this topic remains understudied in China. Objective In order to provide a psychometrically sound instrument in China, this study aimed to translate and validate the Self-Efficacy in Human–Robot Interaction Scale (SE-HRI) in two Chinese adult samples (N1 = 300, N2 = 500). Methods The data was analyzed by SPSS 26.0 and Amos 24.0. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted using Sample 1 data. Confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity analysis, and reliability analysis were then performed using Sample 2 data. Results The results revealed that the Chinese SE-HRI scale consisted of 13 items in a two-factor model, suggesting a good model fit. Moreover, general self-efficacy and willingness to accept the use of artificial intelligence (AI) were both positively correlated with self-efficacy in HRI, while negative attitudes toward robots showed an inverse correlation, proving the Chinese SE-HRI scale exhibited excellent criterion-related validity. Conclusion The Chinese SE-HRI scale is a reliable assessment tool for evaluating self-efficacy in HRI in China. The study discussed implications and limitations, and suggested future directions.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening vascular condition marked by the separation or tearing of the aortic media. Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent programmed cell death, occurs alongside lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The relationship between ferroptosis and AD lies in its damaging effect on vascular cells. In AD, ferroptosis worsens the damage to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), thereby weakening the vascular wall’s structural integrity and accelerating the onset and progression of the condition. However, the molecular mechanisms through which ferroptosis regulates the onset and progression of AD remain poorly understood. This article explores the relationship between ferroptosis and AD.

The sustainable growth of agricultural production is substantially threatened by climate change, which has prompted a shift toward sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. This study utilizes provincial-level panel data from 2011 to 2020 to construct an indicator system for measuring the levels of Green and Low-Carbon Development in Agriculture (GLDA) in China. The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of climate change and GLDA are analyzed, with the impact mechanism of climate change on GLDA evaluated using both a benchmark regression model and a moderation effect model. The findings indicate that: 1) The aggregate level of GLDA in China has improved. Yet, there are disparities among regions. The central region has the highest GLDA level, while the eastern region is expanding at a rapid speed. Conversely, the western region is expanding at a slower pace. 2) The GLDA has been significantly inhibited by the impact of climate change, which is characterized by precipitation anomalies and accumulated temperature. The eastern region has not been significantly suppressed, while the central region has been significantly impacted by anomalous accumulated temperature and precipitation anomalies. The western region is primarily affected by abnormal precipitation.3) The inhibitory effect of accumulated temperature on GLDA in China has been alleviated by agricultural technological advancements; however, their influence on precipitation anomalies is restricted. The regulatory effect in the eastern region is negligible, while agricultural technological progress in the central and western regions has significantly alleviated the suppressive effect of abnormal precipitation on GLDA. However, the moderating effect on temperature anomalies is not immediately evident. Consequently, policy recommendations are proposed from a variety of perspectives to mitigate the effects of climate change and advance the green and GLDA. These recommendations include the formulation of incentive policies and regulations, as well as the support of agricultural construction.

Abstract Bone cancer pain (BCP) represents a prevalent symptom among cancer patients with bone metastases, yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigated the transcriptional regulation mechanism of Kv7(KCNQ)/M potassium channels in DRG neurons and its involvement in the development of BCP in rats. We show that HDAC2-mediated transcriptional repression of kcnq2/kcnq3 genes, which encode Kv7(KCNQ)/M potassium channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), contributes to the sensitization of DRG neurons and the pathogenesis of BCP in rats. Also, HDAC2 requires the formation of a corepressor complex with MeCP2 and Sin3A to execute transcriptional regulation of kcnq2/kcnq3 genes. Moreover, EREG is identified as an upstream signal molecule for HDAC2-mediated kcnq2/kcnq3 genes transcription repression. Activation of EREG/EGFR-ERK-Runx1 signaling, followed by the induction of HDAC2-mediated transcriptional repression of kcnq2/kcnq3 genes in DRG neurons, leads to neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in tumor-bearing rats. Consequently, the activation of EREG/EGFR-ERK-Runx1 signaling, along with the subsequent transcriptional repression of kcnq2/kcnq3 genes by HDAC2 in DRG neurons, underlies the sensitization of DRG neurons and the pathogenesis of BCP in rats. These findings uncover a potentially targetable mechanism contributing to bone metastasis-associated pain in cancer patients.

Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over 13 centuries. However, the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear welfare. Here, we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile (ABB) as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear bile. This study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields, including resources, chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacology, and TCM. A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established, allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic constituents. Through the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies, our research has achieved the environmentally friendly, large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds, as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB formulations. The resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality, availability of raw materials, and independence from threatened or wild resources. Comprehensive preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile (DBB). Furthermore, preclinical toxicological assessment and phase I clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used DBB. This innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs, thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.

Compared with traditional power transformers, Hybrid Distribution Transformers (HDTs) generate higher power losses due to the application of power electronic converters. However, HDTs can apply reactive power compensation as well as three-phase load current unbalance compensation, which leads to line loss reduction of the distribution power grid. When comparing the power losses of HDTs and traditional transformers, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the operational power loss of HDTs and line losses of the distribution network reduced by its converter. This article proposes a comprehensive loss model for the application of HDTs in distribution networks and conducts theoretical calculations on HDT self-losses and distribution network line losses caused by reactive power and three-phase asymmetric load currents. The power losses on the transmission wire of the distribution power grid with the application of HDTs instead of traditional transformers are analyzed. The calculation and simulation results based on parameters such as reactive power, three-phase unbalanced current, and HDT comprehensive loss have verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

The cyclic oxidation and topologically close-packed (TCP) phase precipitation behaviors of β-(Ni, Pt)Al coatings with different Pt/Al ratios at 1150 °C were investigated. In the initial oxidation stage, coatings with different Pt/Al ratios exhibited comparable high-temperature oxidation resistance, likely due to a similar level of Al absorption. Subsequently, oxide spallation was common for coatings with lower Pt/Al ratios due to the formation of fine-grained alumina and a “sandwich” structure (a multilayer porous structure) oxide scale. For coatings with higher Pt/Al ratios, severe rumpling occurred, and numerous cracks formed in the oxide scale. However, sufficient Al concentration in the outer zone and the improved deformation tolerance of the oxide scale enhanced the spallation resistance of the thermally grown oxide (TGO). Furthermore, a higher Pt/Al ratio promotes uphill diffusion of Al, which reduces its migration into the substrate, thereby diminishing TCP precipitation. Coatings with the same Pt/Al ratios but higher Pt and Al contents further reduced TCP precipitation after oxidation. This improvement is attributed to the initially lower Al concentration in these coatings' secondary reaction zone (SRZ) and their greater thickness.

Abstract Heart transplantation is the gold standard for treating patients with advanced heart failure. Although improvements in immunosuppressive therapies have significantly reduced the frequency of cardiac graft rejection, the incidences of T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection remain almost unchanged. A four-archetype analysis (4AA) model, developed by Philip F. Halloran, illustrated this problem well. It provided a new dimension to improve the accuracy of diagnoses and an independent system for recalibrating the histology guidelines. However, this model was based on the invasive method of endocardial biopsy, which undoubtedly increased the postoperative risk of heart transplant patients. Currently, little is known regarding the associated genes and specific functions of the different phenotypes. We performed bioinformatics analysis (using machine-learning methods and the WGCNA algorithm) to screen for hub-specific genes related to different phenotypes, based Gene Expression Omnibus accession number GSE124897. More immune cell infiltration was observed with the ABMR, TCMR, and injury phenotypes than with the stable phenotype. Hub-specific genes for each of the four archetypes were verified successfully using an external test set (accession number GSE2596). Logistic-regression models based on TCMR-specific hub genes and common hub genes were constructed with accurate diagnostic utility (area under the curve > 0.95). RELA, NFKB1, and SOX14 were identified as transcription factors important for TCMR/injury phenotypes and common genes, respectively. Additionally, 11 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs were chosen from the DrugBank Database for each four-archetype model. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be a promising new option for transplant rejection treatment. KRAS signaling in cardiac transplant rejection is worth further investigation. Our results showed that heart transplant rejection subtypes can be accurately diagnosed by detecting expression of the corresponding specific genes, thereby enabling precise treatment or medication.

Abstract Background The aberrant secretion and excessive deposition of type I collagen (Col1) are important factors in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis and secretion of Col1 remain unclear. Methods and results RNA-sequencing analysis revealed an increased HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) expression in patients with DCM, which is strongly correlated with myocardial fibrosis. Consistent findings were observed in both human and mouse tissues by immunoblotting, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses. Pearson’s analysis showed a markedly positive correlation between HTRA1 level and myocardial fibrosis indicators, including extracellular volume fraction (ECV), native T1, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), in patients with DCM. In vitro experiments showed that the suppression of HTRA1 inhibited the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and decreased Col1 secretion. Further investigations identified the role of HTRA1 in promoting the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, which facilitated the transportation of Col1 from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, thereby increasing its secretion. Conversely, HTRA1 knockdown impeded the retention of Col1 in the ER, triggering ER stress and subsequent induction of ER autophagy to degrade misfolded Col1 and maintain ER homeostasis. In vivo experiments using adeno-associated virus-serotype 9-shHTRA1-green fluorescent protein (AAV9-shHTRA1-GFP) showed that HTRA1 knockdown effectively suppressed myocardial fibrosis and improved left ventricular function in mice with DCM. Conclusions The findings of this study provide valuable insights regarding the treatment of DCM-associated myocardial fibrosis and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting HTRA1-mediated collagen secretion.

Deep learning-based remote sensing object detection (RSOD) models have been widely deployed and commercialized. The commercialization of RSOD models requires the ability to protect their intellectual property (IP) across different platforms and sales channels. However, RSOD models currently face threats related to illegal copying on untrusted platforms or resale by dishonest buyers. To address this issue, we propose a dual-model watermarking scheme for the copyright verification and leakage tracing of RSOD models. First, we construct trigger samples using an object generation watermark trigger and train them alongside clean samples to implement black-box watermarking. Then, fingerprint information is embedded into a small subset of the model’s critical weights, using a fine-tuning and loss-guided approach. At the copyright verification stage, the presence of a black-box watermark can be confirmed through using the suspect model’s API to make predictions on the trigger samples, thereby determining whether the model is infringing. Once infringement is confirmed, fingerprint information can be further extracted from the model weights to identify the leakage source. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively achieve the copyright verification and traceability of RSOD models without affecting the performance of primary tasks. The watermark shows good robustness against fine-tuning and pruning attacks.

Due to prolonged heavy traffic, the Wuhan Changfeng Bridge has experienced extensive cracking in its main girder structure. Of the bridge’s 60 crossbeams, 51 (85%) have developed cracks, while the deck pavement over the steel beams has accumulated a total of 648.8 m of transverse cracks. Additionally, two T-beams exhibit structural vertical cracks of 0.3 mm at the mid-span, exceeding the maximum allowable width of 0.2 mm. This recurrent pavement damage not only compromises driving safety and comfort but also increases maintenance costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a systematic upgrade plan for the bridge deck system. The plan involves welding additional high transverse beams onto the existing steel transverse beams, removing the original deck slab and replacing it entirely with an orthotropic steel deck. Additionally, two new steel longitudinal beams will be installed. The original simply supported concrete longitudinal beams in the deck will be transformed into an integrally connected continuous steel structure deck system. Using Midas/Civil finite element software, 3D models of Changfeng Bridge, pre and post renovation, were created to analyze the overall dynamic characteristics under five loading scenarios. The ambient vibration test and vehicle field test were conducted to measure the bridge’s natural frequency and impact factor, verifying the dynamic performance and driving comfort of the bridge after the upgrade. The results indicate that the retrofitted bridge experienced a 19.9% increase in overall stiffness. The dynamic performance of the bridge structure was significantly enhanced, and the most notable improvement was observed in dynamic stress, which decreased by 19.4% to 76.9%. Additionally, the steel deck reduced the bridge’s dead load, and the driving comfort on the bridge deck improved.

Despite the widespread interest in starch-based nanogels due to their excellent swelling capacity and biocompatibility, there is a lack of in-depth analysis in the existing literature on the effects of their preparation methods, internal structure, and physicochemical properties on the release, retention, and protection of bioactive when used as delivery systems. In addition, there is a lack of systematic integration and discussion on the theoretical basis of how to design starch-based nanogels with specific structures and functions and the specific functions of these nanogels in oral-gastrointestinal digestive delivery systems. In this review, the preparation methods, characterization, and functions of starch-based nanogels are discussed in association with the delivery process to further understand the influence that the preparation method, as well as the structural and physicochemical characteristics have on the construction of the nanogel. This review aims to offer a theoretical foundation for designing starch-based nanogels with specific structures and functions. Summarizing functions of starch-based nanogels in an oral–gastrointestinal digestive delivery system can lay the foundation for the further development of starch-based nanogels as delivery systems. Furthermore, it can also deliver valuable insights and direct the development of healthy food items in an industrial setting.

AIM: To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students. METHODS: Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University. Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency. Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities. RESULTS: The results showed that 36.71% of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues, with 8.86% being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85% to binocular abnormalities. Convergence insufficiency (CI) was the most common abnormality, accounting for 13.29%. Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain (χ2=69.518, P

Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are known as revolutionary manufacturing processes that fabricate a part using a 3D model layer upon layer. These techniques gained more attention from various industries due to their advantages like low waste material. Also, these processes can produce any part with high degrees of complexity in a short period of time. The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process is a material extrusion-based technique which works by extruding a fine molten polymeric filament through a heated nozzle on the heated platform named printer bed. In this method, some important manufacturing parameters play a crucial role in controlling the mechanical properties and quality of the final fabricated part. However, all printed specimens through the FDM process should be tested based on the standards under some critical circumstances. Thus, in the current research paper, five and three test speeds are considered in tensile and fracture testing procedures, respectively to evaluate how these speeds can affect the mechanical and mode I fracture properties. Also, as the FDM specimens present elastic–plastic behavior, the critical value of J-integral is assumed as a fracture assessment and calculated from the finite element analysis. Among the mechanical properties, ultimate tensile strength is affected significantly by the test speed. For instance, the ultimate tensile strength of FDM specimens is 39.02, 38.58, 42.33, 48.09, and 52.11 for test speeds of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm/min, respectively. But vice-versa results are detected for the mode I fracture behavior and corresponding values of J for the FDM-PLA specimens. Finally, experimental and numerical results together with comprehensive discussions about the considered speeds and obtained results are reported.

Abstract Background Obesity has been related to depression and adhering healthy lifestyle was beneficial to lower the risk of depression; however, little is known about the relationship between body composition and fat distribution with depression risk and the influence of body composition and fat distribution on the association of lifestyle and depression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether body composition and fat distribution were associated with the adverse events of depression and the relationship between lifestyle and depression. Methods We included 330,131 participants without depression at baseline in the UK Biobank (mean age, 56.9 years; 53.83% females). The assessment of depression was sourced from health outcomes across self-report, primary care, hospital inpatient data, and death data. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. Seven lifestyles (no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy diet, less sedentary behavior, healthy sleep pattern, and appropriate social connection) were used to generate a lifestyle score. Results During a median of 11.7 years of follow-up, 7576 incident depression occurred. All the body composition measures were positively associated with depression risk, with the Hazard ratios (HR) for the uppermost tertile (T3) versus the lowest tertile (T1) ranging from 1.26 (95% CI: 1.15–1.39) for trunk fat-free mass (TFFM) to 1.78 (1.62–1.97) for leg fat percentage (LFP). In addition, we found significant interactions between fat mass-related indices, especially leg fat mass (LFM) (p = 1.65 × 10−9), and lifestyle score on the risk of depression, for which the beneficial associations of a healthy lifestyle with the risk of depression were more evident among participants with low body fat measurement. Conclusions High levels of body composition measures were associated with an increased depression risk. Adverse body composition measures may weaken the link between a healthy lifestyle and a reduced risk of depression.

Knee arthroscopy is the replacement choice for patients with symptomatic degenerative arthropathy who have failed conservative treatment, such as intra-articular loose bodies and meniscal pathology. Postoperative joint pain and swelling are the main problems affecting enhanced recovery after surgery, which is thought to be a disorder of the joint environment caused by the trauma of surgery (1, 2, 3). Arthroscopic surgery involves irrigating the joint with a high-pressure flushing solution, which results in the loss of synovial fluid secreted by the joint itself. Synovial fluid has been shown to lubricate and protect the articular cartilage, and it needs to be re-secreted several days after surgery (3). In addition, studies have shown that the lavage fluid could cause damage to articular cartilage, which could also lead to early postoperative joint discomfort (4, 5). Therefore, some scholars have proposed that early postoperative synovial fluid analog supplementation to restore the internal environment may reduce early postoperative joint discomfort and accelerate the rehabilitation process (6, 7, 8, 9).

Abstract Objective To explore the applicability of bone reamer and trephine for foraminoscopy in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), and to provide a theoretical basis for foraminoplasty options in clinical practice. Methods This study was a prospective cohort study. Sixty-three consecutive patients who underwent PELD for lumbar disc herniation between May 2021 and July 2022 were analysed. Foraminoplasty were performed by bone reamer or trephine. The amount of bone removed and the foramen area enlarged during foraminoplasty by both tools were measured by 3D slicer and Digimizer software, and the numbers of fluoroscopic views were recorded. Results The bone reamer removed less bone in the Superior Articular Process (SAP) than the trephine (t = 17.507, P

AbstractDisturbed circadian rhythms have been a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Melatonin is the major chronobiotic hormone regulating both circadian rhythm and glucose homeostasis. The rs10830963 (G allele) of the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene has the strongest genetic associations with T2DM according to several genome-wide association studies. The MTNR1B rs10830963 G allele is also associated with disturbed circadian phenotypes and altered melatonin secretion, both factors that can elevate the risk of diabetes. Furthermore, evolutionary studies implied the presence of selection pressure and ethnic diversity in MTNR1B, which was consistent with the “thrifty gene” hypothesis in T2DM. The rs10830963 G risk allele is associated with delayed melatonin secretion onset in dim-light and prolonged duration of peak melatonin. This delayed melatonin secretion may help human ancestors adapt to famine or food shortages during long nights and early mornings and avoid nocturnal hypoglycemia but confers susceptibility to T2DM due to adequate energy intake in modern society. We provide new insight into the role of MTNR1B variants in T2DM via disturbed circadian rhythms from the perspective of the “thrifty gene” hypothesis; these data indicate a novel target for the prevention and treatment of susceptible populations with the thrifty genotype.

In modern architecture, the structural safety of buildings largely depends on the compressive strength of high-performance concrete (HPC), which is determined by the complex nonlinear relationships between its components. In order to more accurately forecast HPC’s compressive strength, this paper proposes a prediction model based on an improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (OTDBO)-optimized backpropagation neural network (BPNN). Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is employed to determine the inputs for the BPNN, enhancing the computational efficiency under high-dimensional data feature conditions. To address the issues of local optima entrapment and slow convergence in the dung beetle optimization algorithm (DBO), four improvements were made to enhance its performance. In the initial population generation stage, the optimal Latin hypercube method was used to increase the population diversity. In the rolling stage, the osprey optimization algorithm’s global exploration strategy was introduced to improve the global search capability. The variable spiral search strategy was employed in the reproduction stage, and an adaptive t-distribution perturbation strategy was combined in the foraging stage to enhance the algorithm’s adaptability and search efficiency. The improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (OTDBO) outperformed other algorithms in performance tests on the CEC2017 benchmark functions. In terms of predicting the compressive strength of HPC, the XG-OTDBO-BP model developed in this study outperformed models optimized by other algorithms in terms of fitting outcomes and prediction accuracy. These findings support the XG-OTDBO-BP model’s superiority in the compressive strength of HPC prediction.

AIM: To explore the risk factors for acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 83 patients (case group) with AACE who underwent strabismus correction surgery from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. Totally 73 outpatient volunteers were recruited during the same period as the normal control group. The case group's binocular vision time, near and distance esotropia angle, and near stereo vision function were recorded, and the age, gender, refractive status, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of both groups were analyzed. Additionally, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using an eye usage condition questionnaire to determine the independent risk factors for AACE. RESULTS: In the case group, 61 patients (73.49%) had myopia, with a mean equivalent spherical power (SE) of -3.35±3.31 D (range: +2.75 to -10.62 D) of the right eye and -2.87±3.35 D (range: +2.75 to -11.12 D) of the left eye. The average duration of diplopia in the case group was 29.83±35.72mo, of which 80 patients (96.39%) were primarily with distance diplopia. The near and distance esotropia angle after wearing glasses were 52.36±20.95 prism degree (PD) and 56.71±19.54 PD, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two (t=1.38, P=0.169). The incidence of improper glasses wearing and unhealthy eye habits in the case group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P

Five new orchid species from southwestern China’s Yunnan Province and the Tibetan Autonomous Region, Neottia lihengiae, Neottia chawalongensis, Papilionanthe motuoensis, Gastrochilus lihengiae, and Gastrochilus bernhardtianus, are described and illustrated. To confirm their identities, and to resolve phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced the complete plastomes of these taxa with their congeneric species, adding new plastomes of three Neottia species, two Papilionanthe species and nine Gastrochilus species. Combined with published plastid sequences, our well-resolved phylogeny supported the alliance of N. lihengiae with the the N. grandiflora + N. pinetorum clade. Neottia chawalongensis is now sister to N. alternifolia, while P. motuoensis is closely related to P. subulata + P. teres. Conversely, phylogenetic analyses based on complete plastomes and plastid sequences showed inconsistent relationships among taxa in the genus Gastrochilus, but the two new species, G. lihengiae and G. bernhardtianus were supported by all datasets.

Technological advancements play a significant role in increasing energy demand. As societies progress, new technologies emerge, and they often require additional energy resources to operate. Therefore, it is important to design an efficient power system that can achieve higher performance. Additionally, considering the environmental aspect of the designed system is another crucial criterion for power system design. The current investigation proposes a renewable-based co-generation system for the production of power and heating load. The proposed system consists of several subsystems, including a municipal solid waste-driven gas turbine cycle, a supercritical CO2 cycle, and a high-temperature organic flash cycle. The system's performance is analyzed using energy, exergy, economic, and environmental approaches. Double-objective and triple-objective optimizations are applied to determine the optimum state of the system. The results indicate that the system can produce a net power of 8.21 MW and a heating load of 5.81 MW. This translates to energy and exergy efficiencies of 75.8 % and 41.21 % respectively, with a levelized CO2 emission of 0.518 t/kWh at the base-case. Furthermore, the system's payback period is estimated to be approximately 1.97 years, resulting in a net profit of 10.7 M$. In the parametric study, it was found that the gas turbine's inlet temperature has a significant impact on the system's performance indexes. Ultimately, the system achieves an exergy efficiency of 43.18 % and a levelized CO2 emission of 0.457 t/kWh at the optimum state. In conclusion, the proposed renewable-based co-generation system offers a promising solution for achieving higher performance, environmental sustainability, and economic viability in the design of efficient power systems. In conclusion, the proposed renewable-based co-generation system offers a promising solution for achieving higher performance, environmental sustainability, and economic viability in the design of efficient power systems.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, causes short-term memory and cognition declines. It is estimated that one in three elderly people die from AD or other dementias. Chinese herbal medicine as a potential drug for treating AD has gained growing interest from many researchers. Moschus, a rare and valuable traditional Chinese animal medicine, was originally documented in Shennong Ben Cao Jing and recognized for its properties of reviving consciousness/resuscitation. Additionally, Moschus has the efficacy of “regulation of menstruation with blood activation, relief of swelling and pain” and is used for treating unconsciousness, stroke, coma, and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is uncertain whether Moschus has any protective effect on AD patients. We explored whether Moschus could protect glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cells from cellular injury and preliminarily explored their related action mechanisms. The chemical compounds of Moschus were analyzed and identified by GC–MS. The Glu-induced differentiated PC12 cell model was thought to be the common AD cellular model. The study aims to preliminarily investigate the intervention effect of Moschus on Glu-induced PC12 cell damage as well as their related action mechanisms. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis, autophagic vacuoles, autolysosomes or autophagosomes, proteins related to apoptosis, and the proteins related to autophagy were examined and analyzed. Seventeen active compounds of the Moschus sample were identified based on GC–MS analysis. In comparison to the control group, Glu stimulation increased cell viability loss, LDH release, mitochondrial damage, loss of MMP, apoptosis rate, and the number of cells containing autophagic vacuoles, and autolysosomes or autophagosomes, while these results were decreased after the pretreatment with Moschus and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, Glu stimulation significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3II protein expression, and reduced B-cell lymphoma 2/BAX ratio and p62 protein expression, but these results were reversed after pretreatment of Moschus and 3-MA. Moschus has protective activity in Glu-induced PC12 cell injury, and the potential mechanism might involve the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Our study may promote research on Moschus in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, and Moschus may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

In this paper, a multi-region dynamic economic dispatch model with power balance constraint is constructed to seek the actual reserve demand and reasonable reserve allocation method of the system by relying on the dynamic response process of the units to the power balance of the interconnected system. For this kind of dynamic optimization problem with differential equation constraints, a discrete-optimization rolling solution strategy based on scale-optimization is proposed. First, in the discrete part of the dispatching model, basing on the correlation between the continuous quantities discrete scale and the active real-time balancing effect of the dispatching scheme, a continuous quantities discrete scale optimization strategy is proposed to maintain the safe and economic operation of the system; then, for the convergence problem of the solution of the dispatching model after discretization, this paper introduces the idea of decentralized coordination optimization and the operator splitting quadratic programming (OSQP), and through the limited information exchange between the regional grid and the coordinator, the consistent coordination of consistent variables is achieved. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the model and the solution strategy.

Abstract Background Data on recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis prevalence among drug users in the Southwest China are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. This study aims at assessing the prevalence trends and related factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China–Vietnam border area. Methods A continuous cross-sectional survey was conducted among drug users from 2010 to 2020 in the China–Vietnam border area. Chi-square trend tests were used to assess the trend of HIV, HCV and syphilis prevalence and the proportion for drug type used by drug users. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection in different drug users. Results In this study, a total of 28,951 drug users were included, of which 27,893 (96.45%) male, 15,660 (54.09%) aged 13–34 years, 24,543 (84.77%) heroin-only users, 2062 (7.12%) synthetic drug-only (SD-only) users and 2346 (8.10%) poly-drug users. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of heroin-only users decreased from 87.79% to 75.46%, whereas SD-only users and poly-drug users increased from 5.16% to 16.03%, and from 7.05% to 8.52%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis during the study period declined from 12.76%, 60.37% and 5.72% to 4.35%, 53.29% and 4.53%, respectively, among heroin-only users and declined from 18.30%, 66.67% and 15.69% to 6.95%, 27.81% and 5.35%, respectively, among poly-drug users; however, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased from 0.89% and 8.93% to 2.84% and 18.75%, respectively. Having ever injected drugs and needle sharing were common associated factors for both HIV and HCV infection among poly-drug users and heroin-only users. Aged ≥ 35 years old was an associated factor for HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among the SD-only users. Female drug users were at high risk of contracting syphilis among three different drug users. Conclusions The prevalence of HIV, HCV and syphilis among heroin-only users and poly-drug users decreased during the study period. However, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased. Comprehensive intervention strategies, particularly focusing on the SD-only users are needed in order to bring down the disease burden in this population in the China–Vietnam border areas.

Abstract Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress (HS) induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows, resulting in low milk quality and yield. In animals, oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes, but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain unclear. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield, milk composition, and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS: none (No-HS), mild (Mild-HS), and moderate HS (Mod-HS). Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature (P treat

Multifunctional magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy could kill cancer cells efficiently. Herein, carbon-encapsulated Au/Fe3O4 (Au/Fe3O4@C) was fabricated using an enclosed flame spray pyrolysis. The nanostructures, including an Fe3O4 core (51.9–55.2 nm) with a decreasing carbon shell thickness and an Au core (4.68–8.75 nm) coated with 2–4 graphite layers, were tailored by tuning the C2H4 content in the reacting gas mixture. Saturation magnetization (33.7–48.2 emu/g) and optical absorption were determined. The carbon shell facilitated the dispersion of Au/Fe3O4 and restrained their laser-induced and magnetic field-induced coalescence and growth. Au/Fe3O4@C exhibited excellent magnetic resonance imaging capability (91.4 mM−1 s−1) and photothermal performance (65.4°C for 0.8 mg/mL Au/Fe3O4@C at a power density of 1.0 W/cm2 after 300 s near-IR laser irradiation (808 nm)). Moreover, the combined application of photothermal and magnetic-heating properties reduced the required intensity of both laser and magnetic field compared to the intensity of separate situations. Our work provides a unique, intriguing approach to preparing multicomponent core/shell nanoaggregates that are promising candidates for esophageal cancer cell therapy.

College students are inevitably online and at risk of becoming addicted. Life history theory provides an explanatory framework for individual differences in Internet addiction, and childhood harshness and unpredictability may be important antecedents. However, it is unclear whether and how childhood harshness and/or unpredictability affect Internet addiction during college. In this study, we recruited 483 Chinese college students and assessed their childhood harshness, unpredictability, self-control, and Internet addiction. The results of path analysis showed that childhood unpredictability was positively associated with Internet addiction among college students and was partially mediated by self-control. The effect of harshness on Internet addiction showed a suppression effect, i.e., the direct effect of harshness on Internet addiction was negative and the indirect effect through self-control was positive. This suggests that the high risk of Internet addiction stems from harshness and unpredictability in childhood, but that the effects of these factors are independent and distinct. Self-control plays an important role in this process, but many internal mechanisms remain to be tested in future research.

Oxidative stress (OS) and disruption of proteostasis caused by aggregated proteins are the primary causes of cell death in various diseases. Selenopeptides have shown the potential to control OS and alleviate inflammatory damage, suggesting promising therapeutic applications. However, their potential function in inhibiting proteotoxicity is not yet fully understood. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of the selenopeptide VPRKL(Se)M on amyloid β protein (Aβ) toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. The results revealed that supplementation with VPRKL(Se)M can alleviate Aβ-induced toxic effects in the transgenic C. elegans model. Moreover, the addition of VPRKL(Se)M inhibited the Aβ aggregates formation, reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and ameliorated the overall proteostasis. Importantly, we found that the inhibitory effects of VPRKL(Se)M on Aβ toxicity and activation of the unfolded protein are dependent on skinhead-1 (SKN-1). These findings suggested that VPRKL(Se)M is a potential bioactive agent for modulating SKN-1, which subsequently improves proteostasis and reduces OS. Collectively, the findings from the current study suggests VPRKL(Se)M may play a critical role in preventing protein disorder and related diseases.

Abstract Introducing superconductivity into two-dimensional (2D) films with nontrivial topology has been intensively pursued as one of the feasible scenarios to realize 1D topological superconductor. Prevailing endeavors mostly exploit the external gating or proximity effect of a traditional superconductor, by which the critical temperatures ( T c $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ ) are limited to several Kelvin range. Here, we report on the discovery of interface-enhanced superconductivity in monolayer 1T′-MoTe2 film. A thermally driven phase transition from Mo6Te6 nanowires to 1T′-MoTe2 films, grown on SrTiO3(001) surface by the molecular beam epitaxial methods, is demonstrated. A combined study of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, electrical transport and magnetization measurements indicates the T c $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ of MoTe2 film is around 30 K, two orders of magnitude larger than its 3D counterpart crystal. This study shows that interfacial engineering is an efficient way to tune monolayer 1T′-MoTe2 film into superconducting states, and thus may pave the way toward higher- T c $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ 1D intrinsic topological superconductivity.

Abstract Background The ovarian reserve is a reservoir for reproductive potential. In clinical practice, early detection and treatment of premature ovarian decline characterized by abnormal ovarian reserve tests is regarded as a critical measure to prevent infertility. However, the relevant data are typically stored in an unstructured format in a hospital’s electronic medical record (EMR) system, and their retrieval requires tedious manual abstraction by domain experts. Computational tools are therefore needed to reduce the workload. Methods We presented RegEMR, an artificial intelligence tool composed of a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) extractor and a knowledge-based disease scoring model, to automatize the screening procedure of premature ovarian decline using Chinese reproductive EMRs. We used regular expressions (REs) as a text mining method and explored whether REs automatically synthesized by the genetic programming-based online platform RegexGenerator + + could be as effective as manually formulated REs. We also investigated how the representativeness of the learning corpus affected the performance of machine-generated REs. Additionally, we translated the clinical diagnostic criteria into a programmable disease diagnostic model for disease scoring and risk stratification. Four hundred outpatient medical records were collected from a Chinese fertility center. Manual review served as the gold standard, and fivefold cross-validation was used for evaluation. Results The overall F-score of manually built REs was 0.9444 (95% CI 0.9373 to 0.9515), with no significant difference (paired t test p > 0.05) compared with machine-generated REs that could be affected by training set sizes and annotation portions. The extractor performed effectively in automatically tracing the dynamic changes in hormone levels (F-score 0.9518–0.9884) and ultrasonographic measures (F-score 0.9472–0.9822). Applying the extracted information to the proposed diagnostic model, the program obtained an accuracy of 0.98 and a sensitivity of 0.93 in risk screening. For each specific disease, the automatic diagnosis in 76% of patients was consistent with that of the clinical diagnosis, and the kappa coefficient was 0.63. Conclusion A Chinese NLP system named RegEMR was developed to automatically identify high risk of early ovarian aging and diagnose related diseases from Chinese reproductive EMRs. We hope that this system can aid EMR-based data collection and clinical decision support in fertility centers.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the perioperative mortality and contributing variables among patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer in recent decades, with comparison between modern (after 2010) and premodern (before 2010) eras. Materials and Methods Using our institutional review board-approved database, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent RC for primary urothelial bladder carcinoma with curative intent from January 2003 to December 2019. The primary and secondary outcomes were 90- and 30-day mortality. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the impact of perioperative variables on 90-day mortality. Results A total of 2047 patients with a mean±SD age of 69.6±10.6 years were included. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 1.3% and 4.9%, respectively, and consistent during the past two decades. Among 100 deaths within 90 days, 18 occurred during index hospitalization. Infectious, pulmonary, and cardiac complications were the leading mortality causes. Multivariable analysis showed that age (Odds Ratio: OR 1.05), Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2 (OR 1.82), blood transfusion (OR 1.95), and pathological node disease (OR 2.85) were independently associated with 90-day mortality. Nevertheless, the surgical approach and enhanced recovery protocols had no significant effect on 90-day mortality. Conclusion The 90-day mortality for RC is approaching five percent, with infectious, pulmonary, and cardiac complications as the leading mortality causes. Older age, higher comorbidity, blood transfusion, and pathological lymph node involvement are independently associated with 90-day mortality.

Abstract Accumulation of inorganic nanoparticles in living organisms can cause an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. Low doses of nanoparticles have shown possibilities to induce moderate ROS increases and lead to adaptive responses of biological systems, but beneficial effects of such responses on metabolic health remain elusive. Here, we report that repeated oral administrations of various inorganic nanoparticles, including TiO2, Au, and NaYF4 nanoparticles at low doses, can promote lipid degradation and alleviate steatosis in the liver of male mice. We show that low-level uptake of nanoparticles evokes an unusual antioxidant response in hepatocytes by promoting Ces2h expression and consequently enhancing ester hydrolysis. This process can be implemented to treat specific hepatic metabolic disorders, such as fatty liver in both genetic and high-fat-diet obese mice without causing observed adverse effects. Our results demonstrate that low-dose nanoparticle administration may serve as a promising treatment for metabolic regulation.

BackgroundAs the life expectancy of individuals infected with HIV continues to increase, vigilant monitoring of non–AIDS-related events becomes imperative, particularly those pertaining to liver diseases. In comparison to the general population, patients infected with HIV experience a higher frequency of liver-related deaths. The CD4/CD8 ratio is emerging as a potential biomarker for non–AIDS-related events. However, few existing studies have been specially designed to explore the relationship between the CD4/CD8 ratio and specific types of non–AIDS-related events, notably liver damage. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the potential association between the CD4/CD8 ratio and the development of liver damage in a sizable cohort of patients infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). Additionally, the study sought to assess the effectiveness of 3 antiretroviral drugs in recovering the CD4/CD8 ratio and reducing the occurrence of liver damage in this population. MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study among adults infected with HIV receiving ART from 2004 to 2020 in Guangxi, China. Propensity score matching, multivariable Cox proportional hazard, and Fine-Gray competing risk regression models were used to determine the relationship between the CD4/CD8 ratio recovered and liver damage. ResultsThe incidence of liver damage was 20.12% among 2440 eligible individuals during a median follow-up period of 4 person-years. Patients whose CD4/CD8 ratio did not recover to 1.0 exhibited a higher incidence of liver damage compared to patients with a CD4/CD8 ratio recovered (adjusted hazard ratio 7.90, 95% CI 4.39-14.21; P

IntroductionThe use of fitness apps is becoming more and more widespread, and its impact on people's well-being has received more and more attention.MethodsThe relationship between fitness app use and users' well-being and the influence mechanism was explored using structural equation modeling with upward social comparison as the mediating variable and self-control as the moderating variable.ResultsThe questionnaire survey of 1,452 fitness app users over 18 years old shows that: (1) fitness app use is associated with users' well-being; (2) upward social comparison plays a mediating role in the relationship between fitness app use and users' well-being; (3) self-control has a moderating effect on the relationship between fitness app use and users' well-being.DiscussionSelf-control plays a significant moderating role between social comparison and well-being, upward social comparison can improve the well-being of high self-control users but reduce the well-being of low self-control users.

ObjectivesAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive and behavioral function. Studies have shown that genetic factors are one of the main causes of AD risk. genome-wide association study (GWAS), as a novel and effective tool for studying the genetic risk of diseases, has attracted attention from researchers in recent years and a large number of studies have been conducted. This study aims to summarize the literature on GWAS in AD by bibliometric methods, analyze the current status, research hotspots and future trends in this field.MethodsWe retrieved articles on GWAS in AD published between 2002 and 2022 from Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were applied to analyze the articles for the number of articles published, countries/regions and institutions of publication, authors and cited authors, highly cited literature, and research hotspots.ResultsWe retrieved a total of 2,751 articles. The United States had the highest number of publications in this field, and Columbia University was the institution with the most published articles. The identification of AD-related susceptibility genes and their effects on AD is one of the current research hotspots. Numerous risk genes have been identified, among which APOE, CLU, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, PICALM, CR1, ABCA7 and TREM2 are the current genes of interest. In addition, risk prediction for AD and research on other related diseases are also popular research directions in this field.ConclusionThis study conducted a comprehensive analysis of GWAS in AD and identified the current research hotspots and research trends. In addition, we also pointed out the shortcomings of current research and suggested future research directions. This study can provide researchers with information about the knowledge structure and emerging trends in the field of GWAS in AD and provide guidance for future research.