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Systematic analysis of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes is essential for the development of new cancer treatments and the prediction of clinical responses to immunotherapy. Immunomodulatory drugs are used for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), depending on immune infiltration profiles of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we isolated 11,866 single T cells from tumors and paired adjacent normal tissues of three patients with OSCC. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing, we identified 14 distinct T‐cell subpopulations within the tumors and 5 T‐cell subpopulations in the adjacent normal tissues and delineated their developmental trajectories. Exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells (CD4+ Tregs) were enriched in OSCC tumors, potentially linked to tumor immunosuppression. Programmed death protein 1 (PD‐1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA4) were identified as marker genes in exhausted CD8+ T cells, whereas forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and CTLA4 were identified as markers of CD4+ Tregs. Furthermore, our data revealed that thymocyte selection‐associated high‐mobility group box (TOX) may be a key regulator of T‐cell dysfunction in the OSCC microenvironment. Overexpression of TOX upregulated expression of genes related to T‐cell dysfunction. In vitro experiments demonstrated that cytotoxic activity and proliferation efficiency of CD8+ T cells overexpressing PD‐1 or TOX were reduced. Notable, the transcription factor PRDM1 was found to transactivate TOX expression via a binding motif in the TOX promoter. Our findings provide valuable insight into the functional states and heterogeneity of T‐cell populations in OSCC that could advance the development of novel therapeutic strategies., Using single‐cell RNA sequencing, we identified 14 distinct T‐cell subpopulations from 11,866 T cells in OSCC. Our data revealed that exhausted CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Tregs were enriched in OSCC and TOX may be a key regulator of T‐cell dysfunction. Notable, the transcription factor PRDM1 was found to transactivate TOX expression via a binding motif in the TOX promoter.

Inactive von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is linked to metabolic reprogramming and plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we identify a previously unknown oncogenic role for inactive VHL in actively triggering histone lactylation to promote ccRCC progression. In patients with ccRCC, inactive VHL positively correlates with the presence of histone lactylation, and high levels of histone lactylation indicates poor patient prognosis. Inactive VHL-triggered histone lactylation contributes to ccRCC progression by activating the transcription of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ). In turn, PDGFRβ signaling is shown to stimulate histone lactylation, thereby forming an oncogenic positive feedback loop in ccRCC. Target correction of aberrant histone lactylation represses the growth and metastasis of ccRCC in vivo. More importantly, the combined inhibition of histone lactylation and PDGFRβ significantly reinforces the therapeutic efficacy. This work underscores the importance of histone lactylation in facilitating ccRCC progression and suggests targeting the positive feedback loop between histone lactylation and PDGFRβ signaling might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for ccRCC patients.

Paeonia rockii is a promising woody oil crop because its seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids especially α-linolenic acid (ALA). ALA is an essential fatty acid that the human body cannot synthesize and is the direct synthetic precursor of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, which play crucial roles in the development of the blood vessels, brain and nervous system of humans. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in ALA during seed development are unknown. In this study, we found that the fatty acid content gradually increased with P. rockii seed development, with ALA being the main unsaturated acid component (37-44%). The content of ALA reached the peak value of 306.26 mg/g DW 20 days before the seeds had fully maturated. Seeds from three different developmental stages were selected for transcriptome and miRNA sequencing analyses to explore the molecular mechanism of ALA accumulation in P. rockii seeds. A total of 39 differentially expressed genes were screened for their involvement in ALA biosynthesis, among which FAD2/8, GPAT, PDAT, LACS, LPAAT, and KAS II might be the key structural genes of ALA accumulation. The differential expression of these genes was dependent on the regulation of five miRNAs (mdm_miR156b, novel miR_91, novel miR_133, novel miR_291, and novel miR_405) and four transcription factors (AP2, SNL2, TGA-like, and SPL). This study reveals the mechanism behind the dynamic changes of ALA contents in P. rockii during seed development, and also provides an important theoretical basis for the breeding of excellent varieties of P. rockii.

The current main method to analyze the staged venture investment is some game models, which finally get the optimal contract between the venture entrepreneurs and the venture capitalists by constructing the participation constraint and the incentive constraint. But this method only considers the probability of the success of the project, and ignores whether the project itself is enforceable or not. This paper introduces the concept of the posterior probability, extends the Bergemann and Hege model from the single period to the multi period. Then by using the posterior probability and the successful chance of the project, this paper analyzes the numerous factors which influence the optimal design of the contract under three conditions, such as the fixed and the floating investment in multi-stage and the time when the successful result is related to the current investment quota. What's more, it dose not only give the optimal stop point but compares it in case of the information symmetry and the contrary condition in the floating multi-stage investment. At the same time, it pays attention to the importance of the posterior probability in the present multi-stage venture investment researches. Last but not the least, it provides a reference for the related researches and makes great significance to the venture investment practice.

With the continuous development of the economy, environmental pollution has become more and more serious, especially water pollution. During and after the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, China’s environmental protection and ecological construction and restoration work will be fully carried out. Among them, water pollution control, air pollution, solid waste pollution, heavy metal pollution, radioactive pollution control, and desertified land control are environmental protection and ecological, one of the very important contents of environmental construction. The purpose of this article is to study the application of lake and wetland ecological restoration technology in environmental pollution control and ecological restoration. Commonly used domestic lake pollution treatment methods include: microbial method, dredging and salvage, chemical sedimentation (flocculation), physical measures (filtration and membrane), constructed wetland, reoxygenation (micropores, turbulent aeration), mechanical dilution transfer (flushing) Water, water change) etc. The microbiological method is to put in microorganisms, the use of microbial preparations can digest and degrade organic pollutants and remove the purification mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, so as to achieve the goal of various water pollution control. And its disadvantage is that it can’t last forever. Ecosystem restoration project: It is the process of using engineering technology to assist the restoration of an ecosystem that has been degraded, destroyed, newly built or rebuilt. Its application enables the ecosystem to be restored and strengthened in terms of its own health, integrity and sustainability. Once the ecological restoration project is completed, the ecosystem does not need to be maintained by humans, as long as it is prevented from degrading due to disturbance. This is similar to the microbiological method in the lake and wetland ecological restoration technology.

Micro-nano satellites have the advantages of fast development, low cost and flexible application. With the deployment of communication payloads and constellation design optimization, micro-nano satellites can achieve full coverage through low orbit transmission and make up for the inability of communication network service due to the malfunction of GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) communication satellites. Through the analysis and scenario simulation of the regional communication rebuilding strategy, the validity and reliability of the regional rapid reconstruction of the LEO (Low Earth Orbit) micro-nano communications satellites are proved.

Rate distortion optimization technique is adopted by H.264/AVC to select the best intra and inter prediction modes. It achieves remarkable improvement in compression performance, but the computational complexity of coding increases greatly. In order to reduce the computational complexity as much as possible while guaranteeing the video encoding quality and compression efficiency, this paper proposes a fast mode decision method based on the texture direction information of intra prediction modes and the encoding macroblocks. For intra luminance prediction, the proposed algorithm utilizes the smoothness of the encoding macroblock to select the suitable intra prediction block sizes, and then uses the texture direction difference to filter out low possibility prediction modes. The calculation expressions of texture direction difference can be derived by extracting texture direction features from intra prediction modes. For intra chrominance prediction, the candidate prediction modes are determined by a combination of texture direction difference and the sum of absolute transformed difference, which doesn't significantly degrade peak-signal-noise-rate or increase bit rate. Based on the processing, the number of rate distortion cost calculations decreases dramatically, which indicates a significant reduction of computation cost for intra prediction. Compared with JM11.0 reference software, the proposed algorithm can cut down about 76.79 % total intra-frame coding time at the expense of only about 0.08 dB peak-signal-noise-rate degradation and 2.07 % bit rate increase. It proves that the proposed algorithm achieves a tradeoff between the rate distortion performance and the computational complexity.