1. Rationally designed divalent caffeic amides inhibit amyloid-β fibrillization, induce fibril dissociation, and ameliorate cytotoxicity
- Author
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Ya Ru Tsai, Chang Shi Chen, Yi Wei Lo, Yu Sheng Chen, Yun-Ru Chen, Yi Tsu Chan, Rong Jie Chen, Jien Lin Charng, Ying-Ta Wu, Ling Hsien Tu, Ning Hsuan Tseng, Tien Wei Lin, Hua Ting Hsu, and Jim-Min Fang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Models, Molecular ,Fibril ,01 natural sciences ,Divalent ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Caffeic Acids ,Alzheimer Disease ,Drug Discovery ,Caffeic acid ,Extracellular ,Animals ,Humans ,Senile plaques ,Cytotoxicity ,Caenorhabditis elegans ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Small molecule ,Amides ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biophysics ,Protein Multimerization ,Linker - Abstract
One of the pathologic hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils. Blocking Aβ self-assembly or disassembling Aβ aggregates by small molecules would be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD. In this study, we synthesized a series of rationally designed divalent compounds and examined their effects on Aβ fibrillization. A divalent amide (2) derived from two molecules of caffeic acid with a propylenediamine linker of ∼5.0 A in length, which is close to the distance of adjacent β sheets in Aβ fibrils, showed good potency to inhibit Aβ(1–42) fibrillization. Furthermore, compound 2 effectively dissociated the Aβ(1–42) preformed fibrils. The cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(1–42) aggregates in human neuroblastoma was reduced in the presence of 2, and feeding 2 to Aβ transgenic C. elegans rescued the paralysis phenotype. In addition, the binding and stoichiometry of 2 to Aβ(1–40) were demonstrated by using electrospray ionization−traveling wave ion mobility−mass spectrometry, while molecular dynamic simulation was conducted to gain structural insights into the Aβ(1–40)−2 complex.
- Published
- 2017