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Clinical practice strongly relies on patients' self-report. Former professional American-style football players are hesitant to seek help for mental health problems, but may be more willing to report cognitive symptoms. We sought to assess the association between cognitive symptoms and diagnosed mental health problems and quality of life among a cohort of former professional players. In a cross-sectional design, we assessed self-reported cognitive function using items from the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL) Item Bank. We then compared mental health diagnoses and quality of life, assessed by items from the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®), between former professional players reporting daily problems in cognitive function and former players not reporting daily cognitive problems. Of the 3758 former professional players included in the analysis, 40.0% reported daily problems due to cognitive dysfunction. Former players who reported daily cognitive problems were more likely to also report depression (18.0% vs. 3.3%, odds ratio [OR] = 6.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] [4.90–8.40]) and anxiety (19.1% vs. 4.3%, OR = 5.29, 95% CI [4.14–6.75]) than those without daily cognitive problems. Further, former players reporting daily cognitive problems were more likely to report memory loss and attention deficit(/hyperactivity) disorder and poorer general mental health, lower quality of life, less satisfaction with social activities and relationships, and more emotional problems. These findings highlight the potential of an assessment of cognitive symptoms for identifying former players with mental health, social, and emotional problems.

Childhood adversities, including neglect, abuse, and other indicators of family dysfunction, are associated in adulthood with risk factors for poor cognitive and mental health. However, the extent to which these experiences are associated with adulthood cognition-related quality of life and risk for dementia is unknown.To determine the association of 10 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with neuropsychiatric outcomes among former National Football League (NFL) players.This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Football Player's Health Study at Harvard University, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study from January 30, 2015, to November 19, 2021, of former NFL players.Ten ACEs were assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire.Dementia symptoms were assessed using the AD8: The Washington University Dementia Screening Test; cognition-related quality of life was assessed with the short form of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders; depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; anxiety was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; and pain intensity and pain interference in daily life were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory. Risk ratios (RRs) assessing the association between ACEs and neuropsychiatric outcomes were estimated using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for age, race, and childhood socioeconomic status, and further adjusted for playing position, concussions incurred during football play, and number of seasons played in the NFL.A total of 1755 men (mean [SD] age, 57.2 [13.5] years) who were former professional football players were included in the analysis. Five hundred twenty players (29.6%) identified as Black, 1160 (66.1%) identified as White, and 75 (4.3%) identified as other race or ethnicity. Players with 4 or more ACEs were at 48% greater risk of a positive screen for dementia (RR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.22-1.79]), and at significantly greater risk of every other neuropsychiatric outcome except anxiety (RR range, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.09-2.39] to 1.74 [95% CI, 1.27-2.40]) compared with players with no ACEs. Further adjustment for concussions incurred during playing years attenuated these associations, although some were still significant (adjusted RR range, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.10-1.58] to 1.56 [95% CI, 1.15-2.11]). ACEs were also associated with concussion symptoms; players with 4 or more ACEs had a 60% increased risk of being in the top quartile of concussion symptoms (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.12-2.28) compared with players with no ACEs.These findings suggest that ACEs may be associated with dementia symptoms among former NFL players. Moreover, ACEs should be investigated among professional football players and other populations as a prospective indicator of persons at high risk of concussion. These findings further suggest that treatment of psychological trauma in addition to treatment of physical injury may improve neuropsychiatric health in former NFL players.

We conducted a retrospective chart review of ten years of mother-neonate dyads at our centre with RBC mismatch to describe the type and frequency of maternal red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies in our centre and newborn outcomes. Half of the 300 mother-neonate pairs had a total of 173 clinically significant maternal RBC alloantibodies. Rh antibodies were the most common, accounting for 67% (Anti-D accounting 10%) and thus continue to be the most prevalent clinically significant antibodies detected in maternal patients. Neonates born to women with all types of Rh alloimmunization were shown to require interventions to treat HDFN, including readmission.

BACKGROUND Former American style football players (ASF players) have recognized health concerns associated with prior sport participation. It remains unknown whether categorizations of current health conditions, referred to in this report as afflictions (conceptually framed as neurocognitive, cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, sleep apnea, and chronic pain) are associated with physical and mental function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of afflictions to physical and mental function. It was hypothesized that former National Football League players with any affliction would have worse function compared to unafflicted participants. It was anticipated that multiple afflictions would result in cumulative loss of function. DESIGN Cross-sectional retrospective design. SETTING Academic medical multisite hospital system. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3913 of 15,611 former ASF players who played professionally from 1960 to 2019 (response rate 25%). Assessment of Risk Factors Self-report survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Each participant completed the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Scale and Physical Function questionnaires. Responses were used to generate two physical function and one mental function subscale scores. Raw scores were converted to T-scores categorized as impaired (T-score

T cells expressing high affinity chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) against CD229 are able to eradicate multiple myeloma (MM) cells, which express high CD229 levels. However, they also target healthy T cells expressing low CD229 levels. Reducing the affinity of the parental CD229 CAR may increase the selectivity of CD229 CAR T cells, sparing T cells while maintaining activity against MM cells. No robust approaches to engineer minimally altered low affinity variants from existing high-affinity antibodies have been developed. We generated a site-saturation mutagenesis library of the parental CD229 antibody targeting both CDR3 domains resulting in 305 variants. Variants were expressed as soluble single-chain variable fragments and screened using high-throughput assays to determine binding and expression. Affinities were determined by biolayer interferometry. A subset of 26 binders was further characterized functionally in CAR format using primary human T cells. Variant CD229 antibodies carrying single amino acid substitutions showed substantially altered expression and binding of recombinant CD229. Affinities of candidate antibodies varied from 150–10,000nM with mainly off-rate driven reductions in affinity. Analyzing the cytotoxic activity of CD229 CAR variants we found that, in contrast to the parental cells, two variant CAR T cells spared normal T cells while maintaining equal cytotoxic activity against MM cells. Using a novel unbiased mutagenesis approach, we show that generation of minimally altered low affinity variants from existing antibodies is feasible and results in binders with substantially reduced affinity. Low affinity variants show increased selectivity eliminating a key liability of CD229 CAR T cells. E.R.V received funding from the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education (AFPE, Pre-Doctoral Fellowship) and the ALSAM Foundation (Skaggs Fellowship). D.A. received funding from the Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI, Translational Scholar Award). T.L. received funding from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, Young Investigator Award).

Objective Outdoor free play is important for preschoolers' physical activity, health, and development. Certain temperamental characteristics are associated with obesity, nutrition, and sedentary behaviors in preschoolers, but the relationship between temperament and outdoor play has not been examined. This study examined whether there is an association between temperament and outdoor play in young children. Methods Healthy children aged 1 to 5 years recruited to The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a community-based primary care research network, from July 2008 to September 2013 were included. Parent-reported child temperament was assessed using the Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Outdoor free play and other potential confounding variables were assessed through validated questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between temperament and outdoor play, adjusted for potential confounders. Results There were 3393 children with data on outdoor play. The association between negative affectivity and outdoor play was moderated by sex; in boys, for every 1-point increase in negative affectivity score, mean outdoor play decreased by 4.7 minutes per day. There was no significant association in girls. Surgency was associated with outdoor play; for every 1-point increase in surgency/extraversion, outdoor play increased by 4.6 minutes per day. Conclusions Young children's temperamental characteristics were associated with their participation in outdoor free play. Consideration of temperament could enhance interventions and strategies to increase outdoor play in young children. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between children's early temperament and physical activity.

The Football Players Health Study at Harvard University (FPHS) is a unique transdisciplinary, strategic initiative addressing the challenges of former players’ health after having participated in American style football (ASF). The whole player focused FPHS is designed to deepen understanding of the benefits and risks of participation in ASF, identify risks that are potentially reversible or preventable, and develop interventions or approaches to improve the health and wellbeing of former players. We are recruiting and following a cohort of former professional ASF players who played since 1960 (current n = 3785). At baseline, participants complete a self‐administered standardized questionnaire, including initial reporting of exposure history and physician‐diagnosed health conditions. Additional arms of the initiative are addressing targeted studies, including promising primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions; extensive in‐person clinical phenotyping, and legal and ethical concerns of the play. This paper describes the components of the FPHS studies undertaken and completed thus far, as well as those studies currently underway or planned for the near future. We present our initiatives herein as a potential paradigm of one way to proceed (acknowledging that it is not the only way). We share what we have learned so that it may be useful to others, particularly in regard to trying to make professional sports meet the needs of multiple stakeholders ranging from players to owners, to fans, and possibly even to parents making decisions for their children.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a population of former National Football League (NFL) players. Methods: Participants were 3913 former NFL players (participation in years 1960–2019) who completed either an online or mailed survey that included self-reported TKA and THA, year(s) of surgery and date of birth. The prevalence of TKA and THA was reported by age category and compared to published cohorts of athlete populations and general population of non-athletes in the USA. Results: 12.3% and 8.1% of sample reported TKA and THA, respectively. The prevalence of both TKA and THA was higher in former NFL players compared to US non-athletes across all ages. Prevalence of TKA was not statistically higher than in other former athlete cohorts but performed at younger ages. The prevalence of TKA and THA was higher than in other cohorts of former NFL players. Conclusion: Former NFL players had higher prevalence of arthroplasty than the general population, suggesting prior participation in American-style football may contribute to elevated risk for arthroplasty at younger ages. Understanding risk factors in style of play, lifestyle and other contributors is important to improve joint health of this population.

To determine the association between cow's milk-fat and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young children, and whether this association is mediated by the typical volume of cow's milk consumed.A longitudinal study in 2- to 8-year-old children (n = 2890) was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported cow's milk-fat percentage intake and serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations as well as having high non-HDL cholesterol (≥3.75 mmol/L [145 mg/dL]), adjusting for covariates including age, sex, body mass index z score, breastfeeding duration, mother's ethnicity, and parental history of CVD. Bootstrap resampling (10 000 repetitions) was used to assess whether typical volume consumed mediated the association between cow's milk-fat percentage and non-HDL cholesterol.In total, 156 (5.4%) had high non-HDL cholesterol. Each percent increase in cow's milk-fat was associated with a 0.035 mmol/L (1.35 mg/dL) (P .001) and 0.024 mmol/L (0.92 mg/dL) (P = .01) increase in non-HDL cholesterol, unadjusted and adjusted for covariates respectively. Cow's milk-fat percentage was not associated with greater odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol. Volume of cow's milk partially mediated the association between cow's milk-fat percentage and non-HDL cholesterol, accounting for 28% of the relationship (P .001).Consumption of higher-fat cow's milk was associated with a small increase in non-HDL cholesterol but not greater odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol. Further research is needed to assess this relationship with other CVD risk factors in young children.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01869530.

Objective To determine if there is an association between longer breast-feeding duration and dental caries in healthy urban children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of urban children aged 1 to 6 years recruited through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) practice-based research network between September 2011 and August 2013. The main outcome measure was parental report of dental caries. Results The adjusted predicted probability of dental caries was 7%, 8%, 11%, and 16% with total duration of breast-feeding duration of 12, 18, 24, and 36 months, respectively. In the adjusted logistic regression analyses, relative to breast-feeding 0 to 5 months, the odds of dental caries with total breast-feeding duration >24 months was 2.75 (95% confidence interval 1.61–4.72). Conclusions Among healthy urban children, longer breast-feeding duration was associated with higher odds of dental caries. These findings support heightened awareness and enhanced anticipatory guidance for preventive dental care, particularly among children who breast-feed beyond 2 years of age.

Objective To evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and early childhood cardiometabolic risk. Study design A cross-sectional study of 1539 healthy children, 3-6 years of age, recruited through The Applied Research Group for Kids! practice-based research network between October 2009 and August 2015. Adjusted multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and cardiometabolic risk z score and individual cardiometabolic risk factors of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results The mean breastfeeding duration was 12.5 months (SD = 8.4). Breastfeeding duration was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk z score (beta = −0.03; 95% CI −0.05, −0.01). In analysis of cardiometabolic risk factors, each additional 3 months of breastfeeding was associated with a 0.13 cm (95% CI −0.20, −0.05) lower waist circumference and 0.16 mm Hg (95% CI −0.30, −0.02) lower systolic blood pressure. Compared with children who breastfed for 6-12 months, those who breastfed for 12-24 months had a lower systolic blood pressure of 1.07 mm Hg (95% CI −2.04, −0.10). There was no association between breastfeeding duration and cardiometabolic risk for those who breastfed beyond 24 months. Conclusions Breastfeeding duration is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, although the magnitude of association is small. Causation cannot be inferred. Breastfeeding beyond 24 months may not have an added benefit for cardiometabolic health.

Objective To prevent iron deficiency, 2014 Canadian recommendations for healthy term infants from 6 to 24 months recommend iron-rich complementary foods such as meat and meat alternatives 2 or more times a day. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between meat and meat-alternative consumption and iron status in young children and the association between red meat consumption and iron status among children meeting recommendations. Methods Healthy children aged 12 to 36 months were recruited. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Meat and meat-alternative consumption was measured using the NutriSTEP questionnaire. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate an association between meat consumption and serum ferritin, and iron deficiency (serum ferritin Results A total of 1043 children were included. Seventy-three percent of children met the recommended daily intake of meat and meat alternatives, and 66% ate red meat in the past 3 days. Eating meat and meat alternatives was not associated with serum ferritin (0.13 μg/L, 95% confidence interval −0.05, 0.31, P = .16), but it was associated with a decreased odds of iron deficiency (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94, 0.99, P = .03). Associations between red meat consumption and iron status were not statistically significant. Statistically significant covariates associated with increased odds of iron deficiency included longer breast-feeding duration, daily cow's milk intake of >2 cups, and a higher body mass index z score. Conclusions Daily cow's milk intake of >2 cups, longer breast-feeding duration, and a higher body mass index z score were modifiable risk factors associated with iron deficiency. Eating meat according to recommendations may be a promising additional target for the prevention of iron deficiency in early childhood.

A series of C5–C8 1,4-hydroxyketones were generated in situ from the OH radical-initiated reactions of their n-alkane precursors. By investigating the time-concentration behavior of these hydroxyketones during the reactions, rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with the hydroxyketones at 298 ± 2 K were determined relative to the rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with the parent n-alkane. The hydroxyketones were monitored by Solid Phase MicroExtraction, using fibers pre-coated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine for on-fiber derivatization of carbonyl compounds, with analysis of their oxime derivatives by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Initial experiments at ≤5% relative humidity showed that 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 6-hydroxy-3-hexanone (formed from n-hexane) disappeared more rapidly than could be accounted for by reaction with OH radicals, suggesting that these hydroxyketones were also undergoing cyclization with loss of water to form alkyl-substituted 4,5-dihdyrofurans. Accordingly, all further experiments were carried out at 50 ± 5% relative humidity, and the enhanced disappearance of hydroxyketones was markedly reduced (but was still evident for the hydroxyoctanones formed from n-octane). The rate constants derived for the 1,4-hydroxyketones formed from n-pentane through n-octane were in the range (1.5–2.4) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, consistent with rate constants estimated using the structure–reactivity method of Kwok and Atkinson [E.S.C. Kwok, R. Atkinson, Atmos. Environ. 29 (1995) 1685–1695].

Using a relative rate method with in situ generation of the hydroxyaldehydes, rate constants for the reactions of the OH radical with 2-hydroxybutanal [CH3CH2CH(OH)CHO], 3-hydroxybutanal [CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO], 2-hydroxypropanal [CH3CH(OH)CHO], 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal [(CH3)2C(OH)CHO], and 3-hydroxypropanal [HOCH2CH2CHO] have been measured at atmospheric pressure and 296 ± 2 K. The hydroxyaldehydes were generated in situ from the OH radical-initiated reactions of precursor compounds (1,2- and 1,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol) and the rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with the hydroxyaldehydes were determined relative to those for reaction of OH radicals with the precursor compound. The rate constants obtained (in units of 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were CH3CH2CH(OH)CHO, 2.37 ± 0.23; CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO, 2.95 ± 0.24; CH3CH(OH)CHO, 1.70 ± 0.20; (CH3)2C(OH)CHO, 1.40 ± 0.25; and HOCH2CH2CHO, 1.99 ± 0.29.

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals, NO3 radicals and O3 with the C7-carbonyl compounds 4-methylenehex-5-enal [CH2=CHC(=CH2)CH2CH2CHO], (3Z)- and (3E)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal [CH2=CHC(CH3)=CHCH2CHO] and 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, which are products of the atmospheric degradations of myrcene, Z- and E-ocimene and terpinolene, respectively, have been measured at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air using relative rate methods. The rate constants obtained (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1 units) were: for 4-methylenehex-5-enal, (1.55 ± 0.15) × 10−10, (4.75 ± 0.35) × 10−13 and (1.46 ± 0.12) × 10−17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively; for (3Z)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal: (1.61 ± 0.35) × 10−10, (2.17 ± 0.30) × 10−12, and (4.13 ± 0.81) × 10−17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively; for (3E)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal: (2.52 ± 0.65) × 10−10, (1.75 ± 0.27) × 10−12, and (5.36 ± 0.28) × 10−17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively; and for 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one: (1.10 ± 0.19) × 10−10, (1.81 ± 0.35) × 10−12, and (6.98 ± 0.40) × 10−17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively. These carbonyl compounds are all reactive in the troposphere, with daytime reaction with the OH radical and nighttime reaction with the NO3 radical being predicted to dominate as loss processes and with estimated lifetimes of about an hour or less.

Experience realisee par les bibliothecaires du campus de Georgia Tech (Georgia Institute of Technology) lors de l'utilisation de ce campus comme village olympique lors des jeux de 1996 a Atlanta

1,3-Butadiene and isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) are emitted into the atmosphere in vehicle exhaust and, in the case of isoprene, from vegetation. We have investigated the formation and further reaction of products of their hydroxyl radical-initiated reactions using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and solid-phase microextraction fibers precoated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine for on-fiber derivatization of carbonyl compounds, with subsequent analysis by thermal desorption and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (SPME/GC-FID) or MS detection. Products attributed as HOCH2CH=CHCHO and HOCH2CH=CHCH2ONO2 (and isomers) from 1,3-butadiene; HOCD2CD=CDCDO and HOCD2CD=CDCD2ONO2 (and isomers) from 1,3-butadiene-d6; HOCH2C(CH3)=CHCHO and/or HOCH2CH=C(CH3)CHO, and HOCH2C(CH3)=CHCH2ONO2 (and isomers) from isoprene; and HOCD2C(CD3)=CDCDO and/or HOCD2CD=C(CD3)CDO, and HOCD2C(CD3)=CDCD2ONO2 (and isomers) from isoprene-d8 were observed as their NO2- adducts in the API-MS analyses. The hydroxycarbonyls were observed from SPME/GC-FID analyses of the 1,3-butadiene and isoprene reactions as their oximes, together with acrolein, glycolaldehyde, and glyoxal from the 1,3-butadiene reaction. A rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with 4-hydroxy-2-butenal of (5.7 +/- 1.4) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 +/- 2 K was derived, and formation yields of acrolein and 4-hydroxy-2-butenal from the 1,3-butadiene reaction of 58 +/- 10% and 25 (+15/-10)%, respectively, were determined. Analogous experiments showed that the two C5-hydroxycarbonyls formed from isoprene have rate constants for their reactions with OH radicals of (1.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and (4 +/- 2) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and a combined yield of approximately 15%, although isomer-specific identification of the hydroxycarbonyls was not achieved.

Jones, P. L., Baker, J. L., Gelaude, D., King, W., Jemmott, L. (2013). Lessons Learned From Field-Testing a Brief Behavioral Intervention Package for African American Women at Risk for HIV/STDs. Health Promotion Practice, 14(2), 168-173. (Original doi: 10.1177/1524839912474276 ) The above-mentioned article listed incorrect affiliation information for authors Deborah Gelaude and Winifred King. Gelaude and King are both affiliated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, GA, USA.

Opening with the definitive (and ultimately central) assertion that “[cities] are places where Indigenous peoples have continually resisted and challenged the normalizations of settler colonial violence” (p. 1), Settler City Limits: Indigenous Resurgence and Colonial Violence in the Urban Prairie West is a well-woven collection of essays, each of which pulls at the frayed edges of colonial narratives that continually dress and address the “city” as a distinctly settler space.