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2. Impact on Fatality Rates and Years of Life Lost During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of the Mexican Public Health Incident Management Command

Author

Duque-Molina, Célida, García-Rodríguez, Gabriel, Zaragoza-Jiménez, Christian Arturo, Torre-Rosas, Alethse de la, Herrera-Canales, Michelle, Loera-Rosales, Miriam Jackeline, Pérez-Cardoso, Ana Luisa, Villa-Reyes, Tania, Romo-Rodríguez, Rubí, Sánchez-Morales, Sofhya Marylett, Contreras-Hernández, Iris, Rivas-Ruiz, Rodolfo, Castro-Escamilla, Octavio, Ferat-Osorio, Eduardo, Berlanga-Taylor, Antonio J., Pelayo, Rosana, Bonifaz, Laura C., Robledo-Aburto, Zoe, and Alcocer-Varela, Jorge

Published
2025
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6. Effectiveness of a nationwide COVID-19 vaccination program in Mexico against symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalizations, and death: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

Author

Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen, Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo, Valdés-Ferrer, Sergio Iván, Fermín-Martínez, Carlos A., Fernández-Chirino, Luisa, Vargas-Vázquez, Arsenio, Ramírez-García, Daniel, Mancilla-Galindo, Javier, Kammar-García, Ashuin, Ávila-Funes, José Alberto, Zúñiga-Gil, Clemente Humberto, García-Grimshaw, Miguel, Ceballos-Liceaga, Santa Elizabeth, Carbajal-Sandoval, Guillermo, Montes-González, José Antonio, Zaragoza-Jiménez, Christian Arturo, García-Rodríguez, Gabriel, Cortés-Alcalá, Ricardo, Reyes-Terán, Gustavo, López-Gatell, Hugo, and Gutiérrez-Robledo, Luis Miguel

Published
2023
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11. Synaptic Density in Early Stages of Psychosis and Clinical High Risk.

Author

Blasco, M. Belen, Nisha Aji, Kankana, Ramos-Jiménez, Christian, Leppert, Ilana Ruth, Tardif, Christine Lucas, Cohen, Johan, Rusjan, Pablo M., and Mizrahi, Romina

Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospital care, POSITRON emission tomography, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, SYNAPTIC vesicles, GRAY matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract

This cross-sectional study compares positron emission tomography data for patients with first-episode psychosis and clinical high risk with those of healthy controls to gauge whether synaptic density is altered in early psychosis and its risk states. Key Points: Question: Is synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) binding potential, an index for synaptic density, altered in early psychosis and its risk states? Findings: This cross-sectional study showed that patients with early psychosis and clinical high risk had lower synaptic density compared with healthy controls. Synaptic density was lower in cannabis users and inversely associated with negative symptoms across clinical groups. Meaning: Synaptic density reductions are evident early in psychosis and its risk states; in addition, SV2A is reduced by cannabis use and may serve as a molecular target to better understand negative symptoms. Importance: Synaptic dysfunction is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, whether in vivo synaptic density is reduced in early stages of psychosis, including its high-risk states, remains unclear. Objective: To investigate whether synaptic density (synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A [SV2A] binding potential) is reduced in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in clinical high risk (CHR) and investigate the effect of cannabis use on synaptic density and examine its relationship with psychotic symptoms and gray matter microstructure across groups. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital from July 2021 to October 2023. Participants were patients with antipsychotic-free or minimally exposed FEP or CHR and healthy controls with a clean urine drug screen (except cannabis). Main Outcomes and Measures: Synaptic density was quantified with dynamic 90-minute [18F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography (PET) scans across prioritized brain regions of interest (ROIs) delineated in individual magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Cannabis use was confirmed with urine drug screens. Gray matter microstructure was assessed using diffusion-weighted MRI to estimate neurite density. Results: A total of 49 participants were included, including 16 patients with FEP (mean [SD] age, 26.1 [4.6] years; 9 males and 7 females), 17 patients at CHR (mean [SD] age, 21.2 [3.5] years; 8 males and 9 females), and 16 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 23.4 [3.6] years; 7 males and 9 females). Synaptic density was significantly different between groups (F2,273 = 4.02, P =.02, Cohen F = 0.17; ROI: F5,273 = 360.18, P <.01, Cohen F = 2.55) with a group × ROI interaction (F10,273 = 2.67, P <.01, Cohen F = 0.32). Synaptic density was lower in cannabis users (F1,272 = 5.31, P =.02, Cohen F = 0.14). Lower synaptic density across groups was associated with more negative symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative scores: F1,81 = 4.31, P =.04, Cohen F = 0.23; Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms negative scores: F1,90 = 4.12, P =.04, Cohen F = 0.21). SV2A binding potential was significantly associated with neurite density index (F1,138 = 6.76, P =.01, Cohen F = 0.22). Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that synaptic density reductions were present during the early stages of psychosis and its risk states and associated with negative symptoms. The implications of SV2A for negative symptoms in psychosis and CHR warrant further investigation. Future studies should investigate the impact of cannabis use on synaptic density in CHR longitudinally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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15. A Systematic Review of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) in Astrocytic Markers.

Author

Ramos-Jiménez, Christian, Petkau, Sarah, and Mizrahi, Romina

Subjects
*GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein, *NESTIN, *TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL, *NEUROGLIA, *ANIMAL experimentation, *ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Background: Astrocytic reactivity in substance use disorders (SUDs) has been extensively studied, yet the molecular effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis) on glial cells, especially astrocytes, remains poorly understood. Exploring ∆9-THC's impact on astrocytic markers can provide insight into its effects on brain functions such as homeostasis, synaptic transmission, and response to neuronal injury. This systematic review synthesizes findings from studies investigating ∆9-THC's impact on astrocytic markers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using EMBASE, Medline, and PsychoInfo via the OvidSP platform. Studies reporting astrocytic markers following ∆9-THC exposure in animals and humans were included. Data were extracted from twelve eligible full-text articles, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. Results: This research identified several astrocytic markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, and glutamate–aspartate transporter (GLAST). Both GFAP and nestin expressions increased in adulthood following adolescence and adult ∆9-THC exposure. An increase in GLAST expression was also noted during early development after ∆9-THC exposure. Conclusions: This review indicates varying levels of astrocytic reactivity to ∆9-THC across different developmental stages, including adolescence and adulthood. ∆9-THC appears to impact maturation, particularly during early developmental stages, and exhibits sex-dependent effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Guidance for clinical neurophysiology examination throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Latin American chapter of the IFCN task force – COVID-19

Author

San-Juan, Daniel, Jiménez, Christian Ramos, Camilli, Cecilia Ximénez, de la Cruz Reyes, Luis Adrián, Galindo, Enya Gabriela Aguirre, Burbano, Gustavo Eduardo Ramos, Penela, Maria Magdalena, Perassolo, Monica Beatriz, Valdéz, Armando Tello, Godoy, Jorge Gutierrez, Moreira, Ana Lucila, and Kimaid, Paulo Andre Teixeira

Published
2020
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20. Outbreak of Fusarium solani Meningitis in Immunocompetent Persons Associated With Neuraxial Blockade in Durango, Mexico, 2022–2023

Author

García-Rodríguez, Gabriel, primary, Duque-Molina, Célida, additional, Kondo-Padilla, Irasema, additional, Zaragoza-Jiménez, Christian Arturo, additional, González-Cortés, Vladimir Brian, additional, Flores-Antonio, Rocio, additional, Villa-Reyes, Tania, additional, Vargas-Rubalcava, Adriana, additional, Ruano-Calderon, Luis Ángel, additional, Tinoco-Favila, Juan Carlos, additional, Sánchez-Salazar, Héctor Carlos, additional, Rivas-Ruiz, Rodolfo, additional, Castro-Escamilla, Octavio, additional, Martínez-Gamboa, Rosa Areli, additional, González-Lara, Fernanda, additional, López-Martínez, Irma, additional, Chiller, Tom M, additional, Pelayo, Rosana, additional, Bonifaz, Laura C, additional, Robledo-Aburto, Zoe, additional, and Alcocer-Varela, Jorge, additional

Published
2024
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22. Exposure to Acid Aerosols in the Visiting Areas of the Poás Volcano National Park, Costa Rica.

Author

Vargas Jiménez, Christian, Pablo Sibaja Brenes, José, Alfaro Solís, Rosa, Borbón Alpízar, Henry, Brenes Ortiz, Mónica, and Arguedas González, Maricruz

Subjects
*THRESHOLD limit values (Industrial toxicology), *AIR quality monitoring, *PERSONAL protective equipment, *PARK rangers, *PARK use
Abstract

Poás Volcano made a magmatic eruption in April 2017. The volcanic outburst resulted in an ash and vapor column towering over three kilometers high. Since that time, there has been a continual release of gases, aerosols, and more recently, ash, posing potential issues for visitors and park rangers. In this work, the potential for exposure to acid gases and aerosols faced by park rangers, officials, and visitors to the Poás Volcano National Park was evaluated, and the concentrations found were compared with the exposure limits established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2022. the concentrations of HCl(g), HNO3(ac), HF(g), and H2SO4(ac) were determined at three strategic points: the ranger station, the visitor center, and the main crater viewpoint. The maximum concentrations obtained were (7.0 ± 1.6) ppb for HCl(g), (6.2 ± 2.8) ppb for HNO3(ac), and (0.029 ± 0.044) ppm for H2SO4(ac). There were no concentration values above the detection limit (0.94 μg/m3) for HF(g). By comparing the data obtained with similar studies, it is concluded that the measured values in Poás Volcano National Park are low and only show similarities to the results found in volcanoes within the national territory. The exposure limit established by OSHA (0.02 ppm) was only surpassed by H2SO4(ac), and could be the cause of health effects experienced over the years by park rangers. To minimize these risks, the use of personal protective equipment and air quality monitoring is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Estructuras internacionales del narcotráfico y factores socioeconómicos de la violencia en Ecuador.

Author

Escobar-Jiménez, Christian

Subjects
SOCIOECONOMIC factors, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, VIOLENCE, ORGANIZED crime, PRISONS, EXPLANATION, VIOLENCE in the workplace
Abstract

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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28. Dissociations of the Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant: The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and Follow-up Study

Author

Jaffe, Glenn J., Branchaud, Brenda, Hahn, Paul, Koreen, Larry, Lad, Eleonora (Nora) M., Lin, Phoebe, Martel, Joseph Nissim, (Shah) Serrano, Neha, Skalak, Cindy, Vajzovic, Lejla, Baer, Claxton, Bryant, Joyce, Chavala, Sai, Cusick, Michael, Day, Shelley, Dayani, Pouya, Ehlers, Justis, Kesen, Muge, Lee, Annie, Melamud, Alex, Qureshi, Jawad A., Scott, Adrienne Williams, See, Robert F., Shuler, Robert K., Wood, Megan, Yeh, Steven, Fernandes, Alcides, Gibbs, Deborah, Leef, Donna, Martin, Daniel F., Srivastava, Sunil, Dunn, James P., Begum, Hosne, Boring, Jeff, Brotherson, Kristen L., Burkholder, Bryn, Butler, Nicholas J., Cain, Dennis, Cook, Mary A., Emmert, David, Graul, Janis R., Herring, Mark, Laing, Ashley, Leung, Theresa G., Mahon, Michael C., Moradi, Ahmafreza, Nwankwo, Antonia, Ostheimer, Trucian L., Reed, Terry, Arnold, Ellen, Barnabie, Patricia M., Belair, Marie-Lynn, Bolton, Stephen G., Brodine, Joseph B., Brown, Diane M., Brune, Lisa M., Galor, Anat, Gan, Theresa, Jacobowitz, Adam, Kapoor, Meera, Kedhar, Sanjay, Kim, Stephen, Leder, Henry A., Livingston, Alison G., Morton, Yavette, Nolan, Kisten, Peters, George B., Soto, Priscilla, Stevenson, Ricardo, Tarver-Carr, Michelle, Wang, Yue, Foster, C. Stephen, Anesi, Stephen D., Linda Bruner, Ceron, Olga, Hinkle, David M., Persons, Nancy, Wentworth, Bailey, Acevedo, Sarah, Anzaar, Fahd, Cesca, Tom, Contero, Angelica, Fitzpatrick, Kayleigh, Goronga, Faith, Johnson, Jyothir, Lebron, Karina Q., Marvell, Danielle, Morgan, Chandra, Patel, Nita, Pinto, Jennifer, Siddique, Sana S., Sprague, Janet, Yilmaz, Taygan, Sen, H. Nida, Bono, Michael, Cunningham, Denise, Hayes, Darryl, Koutsandreas, Dessie, Nussenblatt, Robert B., Sherry, Patti R., Short, Gregory L., Smith, Wendy, Temple, Alana, Bamji, Allison, Coleman, Hanna, Davuluri, Geetaniali, Faia, Lisa, Gottlieb, Chloe, Jirawuthiworavong, Guy V., Lew, Julie C., Mercer, Richard, Obiyor, Dominic, Perry, Cheryl H., Potapova, Natalia, Weichel, Eric, Wroblewski, Keith J., Latkany, Paul A., Coonan, Corinne, Honda, Andrea, Lorenzo-Latkany, Monica, Masini, Robert, Morell, Susan, Nguyen, Angela, Badamo, Jason, Boyd, Kenneth M., Enos, Matthew, Gallardo, Jenny, Jarczynski, Jacek, Lee, Ji Yun, McGrosky, Mirjana, Nour, Ann, Sanchez, Meredith, Steinberg, Kate, Stawell, Richard J., Breayley, Lisa, D'Sylva, Carly, Glatz, Elizabeth, Hodgson, Lauren, Lim, Lyndell, Ling, Cecilia, McIntosh, Rachel, Morrison (Ewing), Julie, Newton, Andrew, Sanmugasundram, Sutha, Smallwood, Richard, Zamir, Ehud, Hunt, Nicola, Jones, Lisa, Koukouras, Ignatios, Williams, Suzanne, Merrill, Pauline T., Carns, Danielle, Richine, Len, Voskuil-Marre, Denise L., Woo, Kisung, Gaynes, Bruce, Giannoulis, Christina, Hulvey, Pam, Kernbauer, Elaine, Khan, Heena S., Levine, Sarah J., Toennessen, Scott, Tonner, Eileen, Wang, Robert C., Aguado, Hank, Arceneaux, Sally, Duignan, Karen, Fish, Gary E., Hesse, Nick, Jaramillo, Diana, Mackens, Michael, Arnwine, Jean, Callanan, David, Cummings, Kimberly, Gray, Keith, Howden, Susie, Mutz, Karin, Sanchez, Brenda, Lightman, Susan, Ismetova, Filis, Prytherch, Ashley, Seguin-Greenstein, Sophie, Tomkins, Oren, Bar, Asat, Edwards, Kate, Joshi, Lavanish, Moraji, Jiten, Samy, Ahmed, Stubbs, Timothy, Taylor, Simon, Towler, Hamish, Tronnberg, Rebecca, Holland, Gary N., Almanzor, Robert D., Castellanos, Jose, Hubschman, Jean Pierre, Johiro, Ann K., Kukuyev, Alla, Levinson, Ralph D., McCannel, Colin A., Ransome, Susan S., Gonzales, Christine R., Gupta, Anurag, Kalyani, Partho S., Kapamajian, Michael A., Kappel, Peter J., Arcinue, Cheryl, Chuang, Janne, Barteselli, Giulio, Currie, Glenn, Mendoza, Veronica, Powell, Debbie, Clark, Tom, Cochran, Denine E., Freeman, William R., Hedaya, Joshua, Kemper, Tiara, Kozak, Igor, LeMoine, Jacqueline M., Loughran, Megan E., Magana, Luzandra, Mojana, Francesca, Morrison, Victoria, Nguyen, Vivian, Oster, Stephen F., Acharya, Nisha, Clay, David, Lee, Salena, Lew, Mary, Margolis, Todd P., Stewart, Jay, Wong, Ira G., Brown, Debra, Khouri, Claire M., Goldstein, Debra A., Birnbaum, Andrea, Degillio, Andrea, Rosa, Gemma De la, Ramirez, Carmen, Simjanowski, Evica, Skelly, Mariner, Castro-Malek, Anna L., Crooke, Catherine E., Huntley, Melody, Nash, Katrina, Niec, Marcia, Pyatetsky, Dimitry, Ramirez, Misel, Rozenbajgier, Zuzanna, Tessler, Howard H., Davis, Janet L., Albini, Thomas A., Chin, Marie, Castaño, Daniela, Elizondo, Ariana, Ho, Macy, Kovach, Jaclyn L., Lin, Richard C-S., Mandelcorn, Efrem, Nguyen, Jackie K-D., Pacini, Aura, Pineda, Susan, Pinto, David A., Rebimbas, Jose, Stepien, Kimberly E., Teran, Claudia, Elner, Susan G., Bernard, Hillary, Fournier, Linda, Godsey, Lindsay, Goings, Linda, Hackel, Richard, Hesselgrave, Moella, Jayasundera, K. Thiran, Prusak, Robert, Titus, Pamela, Bergeron, Melissa, Blosser, Reneé, Brown, Rebecca, Chrisman-McClure, Carrie, Gothrup, Julie R., Saxe, Stephen J., Sizemore, Deanna, Kempen, John H., Berger, James, Drossner, Sheri, DuPont, Joan C., Maguire, Albert M., Petner, Janice, Engelhard, Stephanie, Hopkins, Tim, McCall, Dawn, McRay, Monique, Will, Daniel, Xu, Wei, Lo, Jonathan, Salvo, Rebecca, Windsor, Elizabeth, Weeney, Laurel, Pavan, Peter R., Albritton, Ken, Leto, JoAnn, Madow, Brian, Mayor, Lori, Pautler, Scott E., Saxon, Wyatt, Soto, Judy, Goldstein, Burton, Klukoff, Amy, Lambright, Lucy, McDonald, Kim, Ortiz, Maria, Scymanky, Susan, Szalay, Dee Dee, Rao, Narsing, Davis, Tamara, Douglass, Jackie, Linton, Judith, Padilla, Margaret, Ramos, Sylvia, Aguirre, Alexia, Chong, Lawrence, Cisneros, Lupe, Corona, Elizabeth, Eliott, Dean, Fawzi, Amani, Garcia, Jesse, Khurana, Rahul, Lim, Jennifer, Mead, Rachel, Tsai, Julie H., Vitale, Albert, Bernstein, Paul S., Carlstrom, Bonnie, Gilman, James, Hanseen, Sandra, Morris, Paula, Ramirez, Diana, Wegner, Kimberley, Sheppard, John D., Anthony, Brianne, Casper, Amber, Felix-Kent, Lisa, Fernandez, Jeanette, Johnson, Tari, Scoper, Stephen V., Cole, R. Denise, Crawford, Nancy, Franklin, Lisa, Hamelin, Krista, Martin, Jen, Marx, Rebecca, Schultz, Gregory, Webb, Joseph, Yeager, Pamela, Kim, Rosa Y., Benz, Matthew S., Brown, David M., Chen, Eric, Fish, Richard H., Kegley, Eric, Shawver, Laura, Wong, Tien P., De La Garza, Rebecca, Friday (Hay), Shayla, Rao, P. Kumar, Adcock, Eve, Apte, Rajendra S., Baladenski, Amy, Curtis, Rhonda, Gould, Sarah, Hebden, Amanda, Kambarian, Jamie, Meyer, Charla, Pistorius, Sam, Quinn, Melanie, Rathert, Greg, Blinder, Kevin J., Hartz, Ashley, Light, Pam, Shah, Gaurav K., VanGelder, Russell, Jabs, Douglas A., Altaweel, Michael M., Kurinij, Natalie, Brown, Diane, Prusakowski, Nancy, Thorne, Jennifer E., Hubbard, Larry, Wittes, Janet, Barlow, William E., Hochberg, Marc, Lyon, Alice T., Palestine, Alan G., Simon, Lee S., Rosenbaum, James T., Smith, Harmon, Davis, Janet, Thorne, Jennifer, Acharya, Nisha R., Vitale, Albert T., Boring, Jeffrey A., Alexander, Judith, Ng, Wai Ping, Friedman, David S., Adler, Anna, Burke, Alyce, Katz, Joanne, Reed, Susan, Ansari, Husam, Cohen, Nicholas, Modak, Sanjukta, Sugar, Elizabeth A., Burke, Alyce E., Drye, Lea T., Van Natta, Mark L., Frick, Kevin, Louis, Thomas A., Shade, David, Pascual, Karen, Slutsky-Sanon, Jill S., Glomp, Colby, Nieves, Melissa A., Stevens, Maria, Allen, Amanda, Hilal, Yasmin, Holbrook, Janet T., Abreu, Francis, Casper, Anne Shanklin, Ewing, Cathleen, Hart, Adante, Lears, Andrea, Li, Shirley, Meinert, Jill, Morrison, Vinnette, Nowakowski, Deborah, Reyes, Girlie, Shade, Dave M., Smith, Jacqueline, Steuernagle, Karen, Van Natta, Mark, Venugopal, Vidya, Yu, Tsung, Chen, Paul, Collins, Karen, Dodge, John, Frick, Kevin D., Jackson, Rosetta, Jimenez, Christian, Landers, Ariel, Livingston, Hope, Meinert, Curtis L., Rayapudi, Sobharani, Shen, Weijiang, Shiflett, Charles, Smith, Rochelle, Tieman, Ada, Tonascia, James A., Zheng, Richard, Allan, James, Benz, Wendy K., Domalpally, Amitha, Johnson, Kristine A., Myers, Dawn J., Pak, Jeong Won, Reimers, James L., Christianson, Debra J., Chambers, Geoffrey, Fleischli, Margaret A., Freund, Jacquelyn, Glander, Kathleen E., Goulding, Anne, Gama, Vonnie, Gangaputra, Sapna, Hafford, Dennis, Harris, Susan E., Hubbard, Larry D., Joyce, Jeffrey M., Kruse, Christina N., Nagle, Lauren, Remm, Amy, Padden-Lechten, Gwyn E., Pohlman, Alyson, Shaw, Ruth A., Sivesind, Peggy, Thayer, Dennis, Treichel, Erika, Warren, Kelly J., Watson, Sheila M., Webster, Mary K., White, James K., Wilhelmson, Tara, and Zhang, Grace

Published
2016
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29. Plan de Marketing Digital para la empresa comercializadora de plásticos ubicada en la ciudad de Cuenca para el año 2023

Author

Astudillo Durán, Silvana Vanessa, Bernal Illescas, Marlys Adriana, Calle Jiménez, Christian Fernando, Astudillo Durán, Silvana Vanessa, Bernal Illescas, Marlys Adriana, and Calle Jiménez, Christian Fernando

Abstract

The current integrative project arose from the observation of the owner of the CP company, who detected the need to carry out a detailed analysis of the needs of its customers and design appropriate strategies for the digital sales funnel. To achieve this, a study of the variables of the 7Ps of the Digital Marketing Mix was carried out, through the collection of information through surveys, interviews, and the use of the focus group technique. Likewise, specific strategies were developed for each of the stages of the digital sales funnel: awareness, consideration, action, and loyalty. These strategies aim to address and respond to the key questions of each phase of the digital sales funnel. In this sense, it seeks to solve concerns such as who the publication is directed to (target audience), what digital channel is most appropriate for sharing content (content location), what is the ideal format for the publication (format), what type of content is most appropriate for each stage of the funnel (message), and how long should the publication last and how often should it be published (duration and frequency). In addition, key performance indicators were established for each stage of the sales funnel. For the execution of the strategies, the annual marketing operational plan for 2023 was developed, which consists of strategic objectives, specific integral value strategies, actions, resources, budget, schedule, copy, indicators, and content format for each of the stages of the digital sales funnel.

Published
2023

30. La identidad y otras razones para quemar París: París y el odio de Matías Alinovi

Author

Escobar Jiménez, Christian and Escobar Jiménez, Christian

Abstract

This paper analyzes the second novel of Argentinean writer, Matías Alinovi, París y el odio (Paris and the hatred), published in 2016. The central axis of study is the problem of identity and the relationship between Paris, the Argentinean being and the idea of Latin America. In its first section, the work briefly exposes the emergence of the idea of Latin America as a French construction in opposition to North American interests. In this same section, it also discusses the referential importance of Paris and the French for Latin America. The article takes three points of reference from the novel to discuss the subject of identity. Firstly, the novel’s character of Bianco, a transcript of the Argentine writer Héctor Bianciotti; secondly, the relationship of the novel with the Paris constructed by Cortázar in his famous novel Rayuela; and finally, the thought of identity from Paris through the figure of Atahualpa Yupanqui. The article includes references to an interview with the author on these issues., Este artículo analiza la segunda novela del escritor argentino, Matías Alinovi, París y el odio, publicada en el año 2016. El trabajo toma como eje central de estudio el problema de la identidad y la relación entre París, lo argentino y lo latinoamericano. En su primera sección, el trabajo expone brevemente el surgimiento de la idea de América Latina como una construcción francesa por oposición a los intereses norteamericanos, así como la importancia de París y lo francés para América Latina. Después, el artículo toma tres puntos de referencia de la novela en cuestión para discutir las temáticas de París y la identidad. En primer lugar, el personaje de Bianco, un trasunto del escritor argentino Héctor Bianciotti; en segundo lugar, la relación de la novela con la París construida por Cortázar en su célebre Rayuela; y, en tercer lugar, la identidad latinoamericana vista desde París a través de la figura de Atahualpa Yupanqui. El artículo incluye referencias a una entrevista realizada al propio autor de la novela sobre estos temas.

Published
2023

33. Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico

Author

Montes-González, José Antonio, primary, Zaragoza-Jiménez, Christian Arturo, additional, Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo, additional, Fermín-Martínez, Carlos A., additional, Ramírez-García, Daniel, additional, Vargas-Vázquez, Arsenio, additional, Gutiérrez-Vargas, Rosaura Idania, additional, García-Rodríguez, Gabriel, additional, López-Gatell, Hugo, additional, Valdés-Ferrer, Sergio Iván, additional, and Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen, additional

Published
2023
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34. Factors Predicting Visual Acuity Outcome in Intermediate, Posterior, and Panuveitis: The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial

Author

Jaffe, Glenn J., Branchaud, Brenda, Hahn, Paul, Koreen, Larry, Lad, Eleonora (Nora) M., Lin, Phoebe, Martel, Joseph Nissim, Serrano, Neha (Shah), Skalak, Cindy, Vajzovic, Lejla, Baer, Claxton, Bryant, Joyce, Chavala, Sai, Cusick, Michael, Day, Shelley, Dayani, Pouya, Ehlers, Justis, Kesen, Muge, Lee, Annie, Melamud, Alex, Qureshi, Jawad A., Scott, Adrienne Williams, See, Robert F., Shuler, Robert K., Wood, Megan, Yeh, Steven, Fernandes, Alcides, Gibbs, Deborah, Leef, Donna, Martin, Daniel F., Srivastava, Sunil, Dunn, James P., Begum, Hosne, Boring, Jeff, Brotherson, Kristen L., Burkholder, Bryn, Butler, Nicholas J., Cain, Dennis, Cook, Mary A., Emmert, David, Graul, Janis R., Herring, Mark, Laing, Ashley, Leung, Theresa G., Mahon, Michael C., Moradi, Ahmafreza, Nwankwo, Antonia, Ostheimer, Trucian L., Reed, Terry, Arnold, Ellen, Barnabie, Patricia M., Belair, Marie-Lynn, Bolton, Stephen G., Brodine, Joseph B., Brown, Diane M., Brune, Lisa M., Galor, Anat, Gan, Theresa, Jacobowitz, Adam, Kapoor, Meera, Kedhar, Sanjay, Kim, Stephen, Leder, Henry A., Livingston, Alison G., Morton, Yavette, Nolan, Kisten, Peters, George B., Soto, Priscilla, Stevenson, Ricardo, Tarver-Carr, Michelle, Wang, Yue, Foster, C. Stephen, Anesi, Stephen D., Bruner, Linda, Ceron, Olga, Hinkle, David M., Persons, Nancy, Wentworth, Bailey, Acevedo, Sarah, Anzaar, Fahd, Cesca, Tom, Contero, Angelica, Fitzpatrick, Kayleigh, Goronga, Faith, Johnson, Jyothir, Lebron, Karina Q., Marvell, Danielle, Morgan, Chandra, Patel, Nita, Pinto, Jennifer, Siddique, Sana S., Sprague, Janet, Yilmaz, Taygan, Sen, H. Nida, Bono, Michael, Cunningham, Denise, Hayes, Darryl, Koutsandreas, Dessie, Nussenblatt, Robert B., Sherry, Patti R., Short, Gregory L., Smith, Wendy, Temple, Alana, Bamji, Allison, Coleman, Hanna, Davuluri, Geetaniali, Faia, Lisa, Gottlieb, Chloe, Jirawuthiworavong, Guy V., Lew, Julie C., Mercer, Richard, Obiyor, Dominic, Perry, Cheryl H., Potapova, Natalia, Weichel, Eric, Wroblewski, Keith J., Latkany, Paul A., Coonan, Corinne, Honda, Andrea, Lorenzo-Latkany, Monica, Masini, Robert, Morell, Susan, Nguyen, Angela, Badamo, Jason, Boyd, Kenneth M., Enos, Matthew, Gallardo, Jenny, Jarczynski, Jacek, Lee, Ji Yun, McGrosky, Mirjana, Nour, Ann, Sanchez, Meredith, Steinberg, Kate, Stawell, Richard J., Breayley, Lisa, D'Sylva, Carly, Glatz, Elizabeth, Hodgson, Lauren, Lim, Lyndell, Ling, Cecilia, McIntosh, Rachel, Morrison (Ewing), Julie, Newton, Andrew, Sanmugasundram, Sutha, Smallwood, Richard, Zamir, Ehud, Hunt, Nicola, Jones, Lisa, Koukouras, Ignatios, Williams, Suzanne, Merrill, Pauline T., Carns, Danielle, Richine, Len, Voskuil-Marre, Denise L., Woo, Kisung, Gaynes, Bruce, Giannoulis, Christina, Hulvey, Pam, Kernbauer, Elaine, Khan, Heena S., Levine, Sarah J., Toennessen, Scott, Tonner, Eileen, Wang, Robert C., Aguado, Hank, Arceneaux, Sally, Duignan, Karen, Fish, Gary E., Hesse, Nick, Jaramillo, Diana, Mackens, Michael, Arnwine, Jean, Callanan, David, Cummings, Kimberly, Gray, Keith, Howden, Susie, Mutz, Karin, Sanchez, Brenda, Lightman, Susan, Ismetova, Filis, Prytherch, Ashley, Seguin-Greenstein, Sophie, Tomkins, Oren, Bar, Asat, Edwards, Kate, Joshi, Lavanish, Moraji, Jiten, Samy, Ahmed, Stubbs, Timothy, Taylor, Simon, Towler, Hamish, Tronnberg, Rebecca, Holland, Gary N., Almanzor, Robert D., Castellanos, Jose, Hubschman, Jean Pierre, Johiro, Ann K., Kukuyev, Alla, Levinson, Ralph D., McCannel, Colin A., Ransome, Susan S., Gonzales, Christine R., Gupta, Anurag, Kalyani, Partho S., Kapamajian, Michael A., Kappel, Peter J., Arcinue, Cheryl, Chuang, Janne, Barteselli, Giulio, Currie, Glenn, Mendoza, Veronica, Powell, Debbie, Clark, Tom, Cochran, Denine E., Freeman, William R., Hedaya, Joshua, Kemper, Tiara, Kozak, Igor, LeMoine, Jacqueline M., Loughran, Megan E., Magana, Luzandra, Mojana, Francesca, Morrison, Victoria, Nguyen, Vivian, Oster, Stephen F., Acharya, Nisha, Clay, David, Lee, Salena, Lew, Mary, Margolis, Todd P., Stewart, Jay, Wong, Ira G., Brown, Debra, Khouri, Claire M., Goldstein, Debra A., Birnbaum, Andrea, Degillio, Andrea, Rosa, Gemma De la, Ramirez, Carmen, Simjanowski, Evica, Skelly, Mariner, Castro-Malek, Anna L., Crooke, Catherine E., Huntley, Melody, Nash, Katrina, Niec, Marcia, Pyatetsky, Dimitry, Ramirez, Misel, Rozenbajgier, Zuzanna, Tessler, Howard H., Davis, Janet L., Albini, Thomas A., Chin, Marie, Castaño, Daniela, Elizondo, Ariana, Ho, Macy, Kovach, Jaclyn L., Lin, Richard C-S., Mandelcorn, Efrem, Nguyen, Jackie K-D., Pacini, Aura, Pineda, Susan, Pinto, David A., Rebimbas, Jose, Stepien, Kimberly E., Teran, Claudia, Elner, Susan G., Bernard, Hillary, Fournier, Linda, Godsey, Lindsay, Goings, Linda, Hackel, Richard, Hesselgrave, Moella, Jayasundera, K. Thiran, Prusak, Robert, Titus, Pamela, Bergeron, Melissa, Blosser, Reneé, Brown, Rebecca, Chrisman-McClure, Carrie, Gothrup, Julie R., Saxe, Stephen J., Sizemore, Deanna, Kempen, John H., Berger, James, Drossner, Sheri, DuPont, Joan C., Maguire, Albert M., Petner, Janice, Engelhard, Stephanie, Hopkins, Tim, Lo, Jonathan, McCall, Dawn, McRay, Monique, Salvo, Rebecca, Will, Daniel, Xu, Wei, Windsor, Elizabeth, Weeney, Laurel, Pavan, Peter R., Albritton, Ken, Leto, JoAnn, Madow, Brian, Mayor, Lori, Pautler, Scott E., Saxon, Wyatt, Soto, Judy, Goldstein, Burton, Klukoff, Amy, Lambright, Lucy, McDonald, Kim, Ortiz, Maria, Scymanky, Susan, Szalay, Dee Dee, Rao, Narsing, Davis, Tamara, Douglass, Jackie, Linton, Judith, Padilla, Margaret, Ramos, Sylvia, Rao, Narsing A., Aguirre, Alexia, Chong, Lawrence, Cisneros, Lupe, Corona, Elizabeth, Eliott, Dean, Fawzi, Amani, Garcia, Jesse, Khurana, Rahul, Lim, Jennifer, Mead, Rachel, Tsai, Julie H., Vitale, Albert, Bernstein, Paul S., Carlstrom, Bonnie, Gilman, James, Hanseen, Sandra, Morris, Paula, Ramirez, Diana, Wegner, Kimberley, Sheppard, John D., Anthony, Brianne, Casper, Amber, Felix-Kent, Lisa, Fernandez, Jeanette, Johnson, Tari, Scoper, Stephen V., Cole, R. Denise, Crawford, Nancy, Franklin, Lisa, Hamelin, Krista, Martin, Jen, Marx, Rebecca, Schultz, Gregory, Webb, Joseph, Yeager, Pamela, Kim, Rosa Y., Benz, Matthew S., Brown, David M., Chen, Eric, Fish, Richard H., Kegley, Eric, Shawver, Laura, Wong, Tien P., De La Garza, Rebecca, Friday (Hay), Shayla, Rao, P. Kumar, Adcock, Eve, Apte, Rajendra S., Baladenski, Amy, Curtis, Rhonda, Gould, Sarah, Hebden, Amanda, Kambarian, Jamie, Meyer, Charla, Pistorius, Sam, Quinn, Melanie, Rathert, Greg, Blinder, Kevin J., Hartz, Ashley, Light, Pam, Shah, Gaurav K., VanGelder, Russell, Jabs, Douglas A., Altaweel, Michael M., Holbrook, Janet T., Kurinij, Natalie, Brown, Diane, Prusakowski, Nancy, Thorne, Jennifer E., Hubbard, Larry, Wittes, Janet, Barlow, William E., Hochberg, Marc, Lyon, Alice T., Palestine, Alan G., Simon, Lee S., Rosenbaum, James T., Smith, Harmon, Davis, Janet, Thorne, Jennifer, Acharya, Nisha R., Vitale, Albert T., Boring, Jeffrey A., Alexander, Judith, Ng, Wai Ping, Friedman, David S., Adler, Anna, Burke, Alyce, Katz, Joanne, Reed, Susan, Ansari, Husam, Cohen, Nicholas, Modak, Sanjukta, Sugar, Elizabeth A., Burke, Alyce E., Drye, Lea T., Van Natta, Mark L., Frick, Kevin, Katz, JoAnn, Louis, Thomas A., Shade, David, Pascual, Karen, Slutsky-Sanon, Jill S., Allen, Amanda, Glomp, Colby, Hilal, Yasmin, Nieves, Melissa A., Stevens, Maria, Abreu, Francis, Casper, Anne Shanklin, Ewing, Cathleen, Hart, Adante, Lears, Andrea, Li, Shirley, Meinert, Jill, Morrison, Vinnette, Nowakowski, Deborah, Reyes, Girlie, Shade, Dave M., Smith, Jacqueline, Steuernagle, Karen, Van Natta, Mark, Venugopal, Vidya, Yu, Tsung, Chen, Paul, Collins, Karen, Dodge, John, Frick, Kevin D., Jackson, Rosetta, Jimenez, Christian, Landers, Ariel, Livingston, Hope, Meinert, Curtis L., Rayapudi, Sobharani, Shen, Weijiang, Shiflett, Charles, Smith, Rochelle, Tieman, Ada, Tonascia, James A., Zheng, Richard, Allan, James, Benz, Wendy K., Domalpally, Amitha, Johnson, Kristine A., Myers, Dawn J., Won Pak, Jeong, Reimers, James L., Chambers, Geoffrey, Christianson, Debra J., Fleischli, Margaret A., Freund, Jacquelyn, Gama, Vonnie, Gangaputra, Sapna, Glander, Kathleen E., Goulding, Anne, Hafford, Dennis, Harris, Susan E., Hubbard, Larry D., Joyce, Jeffrey M., Kruse, Christina N., Nagle, Lauren, Padden-Lechten, Gwyn E., Pohlman, Alyson, Remm, Amy, Shaw, Ruth A., Sivesind, Peggy, Thayer, Dennis, Treichel, Erika, Warren, Kelly J., Watson, Sheila M., Webster, Mary K., White, James K., Wilhelmson, Tara, Zhang, Grace, and Lightman, Susan L.

Published
2015
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36. Intertemporal decision model for prioritizing alternatives in discrete problems considering multiple criteria

Author

Ortiz Jiménez, Christian Rafael, Arango Aramburo, Santiago, Jaramillo Alvarez, Gloria Patricia, Ciencias de la Decision, and Jaramillo Álvarez, Gloria Patricia [0000-0001-9007-4326]

Subjects
Decisiones intertemporales, Prioritization, Intertemporal choice, 629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería [620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines], Multicriteria, Priorización, 003 - Sistemas [000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales], Multiperiodo, Multiperiod, 658 - Gerencia general [650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares], Multicriterio, Decision making, Toma de decisiones, Decision-making
Abstract

ilustraciones, diagramas Algunos problemas de priorización de alternativas deben considerar consecuencias respecto a criterios que se distribuyen a lo largo de un horizonte temporal. En este contexto intertemporal, la evaluación de las alternativas respecto a los criterios de priorización se convierte en un conjunto de series de tiempo que representan cómo se evolucionan las alternativas. Si bien el contexto dinámico puede afectar la priorización, los modelos tradicionales recomiendan una decisión tomando como referencia el valor actual de cada serie de tiempo y las preferencias de cada criterio. Aunque esta es una forma práctica de abordar un problema de decisión multicriterio intertemporal, y hacer uso de los métodos ya ampliamente desarrollados, deja de lado importantes singularidades de la distribución temporal de las alternativas respecto a los criterios. Para hacer frente a esta situación, en esta investigación se plantea un modelo de decisión multicriterio que evalúa de forma explícita las series de tiempo que describen cómo se comportan las alternativas respecto a los criterios de decisión. Este modelo tiene como propósito extender la priorización en contextos intertemporales más allá del criterio de valor actual, incluyendo atributos como la tendencia, variabilidad, acumulación en el tiempo, cumplimiento de valores mínimos y metas. Como parte de la investigación, se ilustra la propuesta con un caso hipotético y con un caso de real en donde se desea priorizar un conjunto de políticas de descarbonización del transporte terrestre urbano para el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá cuyos impactos se perciben entre los años 2023 y 2050, a partir del estudio realizado por Valencia [1]. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la priorización cambia cuando las alternativas tienen una estructura temporal diferenciadora. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Some prioritization problems for alternatives must consider consequences regarding criteria that are distributed over a temporal horizon. In this intertemporal context, the evaluation of alternatives with respect to prioritization criteria becomes a set of time series that represent how alternatives evolve. While the dynamic context may affect prioritization, traditional models recommend a decision based on the current value of each time series and the preferences for each criterion. Although this is a practical way to approach a multi-criteria intertemporal decision problem, and to make use of widely developed methods, it overlooks important singularities of the temporal distribution of alternatives with respect to criteria. To address this situation, this research proposes a multicriteria decision model that explicitly evaluates the time series that describe how alternatives behave with respect to decision criteria. This model aims to extend prioritization in intertemporal contexts beyond the current value criterion, including attributes such as trend, variability, accumulation over time, compliance with minimum values, and goals. As part of the research, the proposal is illustrated with a hypothetical case and a real case where a set of urban land transport decarbonization policies for the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is prioritized, whose impacts are perceived between the years 2023 and 2050, based on the study conducted by Valencia [1]. The research results show that prioritization changes when alternatives have a differentiating temporal structure. Maestría Magíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas Investigación de Operaciones Ciencias de la Decisión Área Curricular de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática

Published
2023

37. Assessing the performance of random forest regression for estimating canopy height in tropical dry forests.

Author

Javier Pinza-Jiménez, Christian and Alberto Garcés-Gómez, Yeison

Subjects
TROPICAL dry forests, RANDOM forest algorithms, FOREST canopies, FOREST management, FOREST monitoring
Abstract

Accurate estimation of forest canopy height is essential for monitoring forest ecosystems and assessing their carbon storage potential. This study evaluates the effectiveness of different remote sensing techniques for estimating forest canopy height in tropical dry forests. Using field data and remote sensing data from airborne lidar and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a random forest (RF) model was developed to estimate canopy height based on different indices. Results show that the normalize difference build-up index (NDBI) has the highest correlation with canopy height, outperforming other indices such as relative vigor index (RVI) and polarimetric vertical and horizontal variables. The RF model with NDBI as input showed a good fit and predictive ability, with low concentration of errors around 0. These findings suggest that NDBI can be a useful tool for accurately estimating forest canopy height in tropical dry forests using remote sensing techniques, providing valuable information for forest management and conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico

Author

Montes-González, José Antonio, primary, Zaragoza-Jiménez, Christian Arturo, additional, Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo, additional, Fermín-Martínez, Carlos A., additional, Ramírez-García, Daniel, additional, Vargas-Vázquez, Arsenio, additional, Gutiérrez-Vargas, Rosaura Idania, additional, García-Rodríguez, Gabriel, additional, López-Gatell, Hugo, additional, Valdés-Ferrer, Sergio Iván, additional, and Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen, additional

Published
2022
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42. Doctors, degree incentives and impact on research: An overview of professors with doctorates in the Ecuadorian higher education system

Author

Escobar Jiménez, Christian

Subjects
Ecuadorian higher education system, títulos doctorales, impacto en la investigación, research impact, doctoral degrees, sistema de educación superior ecuatoriano
Abstract

This paper makes a descriptive and explanatory overview of the growth of number of university professors with a doctoral degree in the Ecuadorian Higher Education System, since 2013. It analyzes the legal framework and institutional incentives for the growth in the number of professors with a doctoral degree and includes a general review of the literature that considers their positive impact on the higher education system. This paper makes a general description which includes variables such as tenure, nationality, the doctoral program’s country and university, and the degree obtained. It then puts forward statistical regression models to explain and evaluate the impact of professors with a doctoral degree on research. It concludes that public policy has created a favorable environment, including perverse incentives, to pursue and obtain a doctoral degree and for welcoming professors from several countries. Additionally, it finds a positive correlation between the number of professors with a doctoral degree and the amount of research measured by number of indexed publications. Este artículo presenta un panorama descriptivo y explicativo sobre el crecimiento del número de profesores con título de doctorado en el sistema ecuatoriano de educación superior, desde el año 2013, así como los incentivos para la titulación y su impacto en la investigación. Se hace una revisión general de la literatura que considera el impacto positivo de un mayor número de doctores en la educación superior y se evalúa la evolución de su número a partir de las obligaciones legales y los incentivos creados por el marco legal de la formación superior. Se presenta una descripción general, tomando en cuenta su procedencia, las universidades en las que trabajan y en las que estudiaron, y los títulos obtenidos. Se analiza además la oferta según campos de estudio y se propone un modelo de regresión para explicar y evaluar su impacto en la investigación. Finalmente, se concluye que las políticas públicas han creado un medio favorable (incluyendo incentivos perversos) para la titulación doctoral y la recepción de profesores de varios países, al tiempo que se evidencia una relación positiva entre el número de doctores y la investigación con impacto internacional.

Published
2022

45. Determinantes de la deserción y permanencia en la carrera de Medicina: Evidencia del Sistema de Educación Superior ecuatoriano

Author

López De La Torre, René, Escobar Jiménez, Christian, López De La Torre, René, and Escobar Jiménez, Christian

Abstract

Student dropout has been studied as a multicausal phenomenon, although greater emphasis has been placed on analyzing personal and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to identify student characteristics related to dropout and retention in the Medicine career in Ecuador. We evaluated the socioeconomic characteristics of those enrolled in the medical career in Ecuador for 2013-2018 period in a descriptive and empirical correlational manner. Additionally, we analyzed the motivation for choosing the career of students who took the professional qualification exam for 2016 and 2017. The socioeconomic characteristics are highly homogeneous among students. Internet access, academic background, age, and schooling of the head of household differ between dropouts and non-dropouts. The correlational empirical analysis was not significant in explaining dropout. Interest in ​​the study and family suggestions are the most outstanding options to choose a medical career. The dropout is 40 %. Socioeconomic factors do not seem to explain this phenomenon fully. Motivational factors and the fulfillment of personal objectives in career retention stand out., La deserción estudiantil ha sido estudiada como un fenómeno multicausal, aunque se ha puesto mayor énfasis en el análisis de factores personales y socioeconómicos. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las características del estudiante relacionadas con la deserción y retención en la carrera de Medicina en el Ecuador. Se evaluaron de forma descriptiva y empírico correlacional las características socioeconómicas de los matriculados en la carrera de medicina, en el Ecuador, para el periodo 2013-2018. Adicionalmente, se analizó la motivación para la elección de la carrera de los estudiantes que rindieron el examen de habilitación profesional para los periodos 2016 y 2017. Las características socioeconómicas son altamente homogéneas entre estudiantes. El acceso a internet, antecedentes académicos, edad y escolaridad del jefe de hogar difieren entre desertores y no desertores. El análisis empírico correlacional no fue significativo para explicar la deserción. El interés en el área de estudio y sugerencias familiares son las opciones más destacadas para escoger la carrera de medicina. La deserción en la carrera es del 40 %. Los factores socioeconómicos no parecen explicar de forma amplia este fenómeno. Destacan los factores motivacionales y el cumplimiento de objetivos personales en la retención de la carrera.

Published
2022

46. Paridad de género entre las autoridades del sistema de educación superior ecuatoriano

Author

Escobar Jiménez, Christian and Escobar Jiménez, Christian

Abstract

In this article, the parity of genders is analyzed among authorities of the Ecuadorian system of higher education. The objective is to evaluate the temporal evolution of the incorporation of women into university leadership positions. University authorities are understood to be rectors, vice-rectors, and intermediate positions, such as deans, directors, and coordinators. For the theoretical discussion, the concepts of glass ceiling and vertical segregation are taken into account for explaining the findings. Two databases were analyzed that were constructed with information from reports that universities provide to the Board of Higher Education (Consejo de Educación Superior), which regulates the system. With these data, a descriptive statistical characterization was developed of the relative composition of men and women in leadership positions, considering the following variables: academic title, age, type of institutional financing, time in the university, and time until promotion. The final two variables are necessary requirements for accessing a leadership position. It is shown that the relative composition of men in senior positions has been a tradition in Ecuadorian higher education, a situation that has been reverted in recent years, in particular in intermediate positions, but that has still not changed in terms of the most prominent positions, such as rectors., Este artigo analisa a paridade de gênero entre as autoridades do sistema de ensino superior equatoriano. O objetivo é avaliar a evolução temporal da incorporação de mulheres em cargos de gestão universitária. Entende-se por autoridade universitária os responsáveis ​​pelas reitorias, vice-reitorias e cargos intermediários – pró-reitorias, direções e coordenações. Para a discussão teórica, os conceitos de teto de vidro e segregação vertical são levados em consideração para explicar os achados investigativos. Trabalhou-se com dois bancos de dados construídos com as informações dos relatórios que as universidades fazem ao Conselho de Educação Superior, entidade que controla o referido sistema. Com esses dados, realizou-se uma aproximação estatística descritiva da composição relativa de homens e mulheres nos diretórios, considerando as seguintes variáveis: titulação acadêmica, idade, tipo de financiamento da instituição, tempo de ingresso na universidade e tempo de promoção. Estes últimos são requisitos necessários para o acesso a um cargo gerencial. Verifica-se que a composição relativa de homens em altos cargos tem sido uma tradição no ensino superior equatoriano, situação que se inverteu nos últimos anos, especialmente nos cargos intermediários, mas que ainda não se refletiu nos cargos mais proeminentes, como é o caso das reitorias., En este artículo se analiza la paridad de género entre las autoridades del sistema de educación superior ecuatoriano. El objetivo es evaluar la evolución temporal de la incorporación de mujeres en cargos directivos universitarios. Se entiende por autoridades universitarias a las personas encargadas de los rectorados, vicerrectorados y cargos intermedios –decanatos, direcciones y coordinaciones–. Para la discusión teórica se toman en cuenta los conceptos de techo de cristal y segregación vertical que permiten explicar los hallazgos. Se trabajó con dos bases de datos construidas con la información de los reportes que las universidades hacen al Consejo de Educación Superior, entidad que controla dicho sistema. Con estos datos, se realiza una aproximación estadística descriptiva de la composición relativa de hombres y mujeres en las directivas considerando las siguientes variables: título académico, edad, tipo de financiamiento de la institución, tiempo de enrolamiento en la universidad y tiempo hasta la promoción; estos últimos son requisitos necesarios para acceder a un cargo directivo. Se comprueba que la composición relativa de hombres en los cargos altos ha sido una tradición en la educación superior ecuatoriana, situación que se ha revertido en los últimos años, sobre todo en los cargos intermedios, pero que todavía no se ha reflejado en los puestos más prominentes, como es el caso de los rectorados.

Published
2022

47. Doctores, incentivos de titulación e impacto en la investigación: un panorama general de los profesores con doctorado en el sistema de educación superior ecuatoriano

Author

Escobar Jiménez, Christian and Escobar Jiménez, Christian

Abstract

This paper makes a descriptive and explanatory overview of the growth of number of university professors with a doctoral degree in the Ecuadorian Higher Education System, since 2013. It analyzes the legal framework and institutional incentives for the growth in the number of professors with a doctoral degree and includes a general review of the literature that considers their positive impact on the higher education system. This paper makes a general description which includes variables such as tenure, nationality, the doctoral program’s country and university, and the degree obtained. It then puts forward statistical regression models to explain and evaluate the impact of professors with a doctoral degree on research. It concludes that public policy has created a favorable environment, including perverse incentives, to pursue and obtain a doctoral degree and for welcoming professors from several countries. Additionally, it finds a positive correlation between the number of professors with a doctoral degree and the amount of research measured by number of indexed publications., Este artículo presenta un panorama descriptivo y explicativo sobre el crecimiento del número de profesores con título de doctorado en el sistema ecuatoriano de educación superior, desde el año 2013, así como los incentivos para la titulación y su impacto en la investigación. Se hace una revisión general de la literatura que considera el impacto positivo de un mayor número de doctores en la educación superior y se evalúa la evolución de su número a partir de las obligaciones legales y los incentivos creados por el marco legal de la formación superior. Se presenta una descripción general, tomando en cuenta su procedencia, las universidades en las que trabajan y en las que estudiaron, y los títulos obtenidos. Se analiza además la oferta según campos de estudio y se propone un modelo de regresión para explicar y evaluar su impacto en la investigación. Finalmente, se concluye que las políticas públicas han creado un medio favorable (incluyendo incentivos perversos) para la titulación doctoral y la recepción de profesores de varios países, al tiempo que se evidencia una relación positiva entre el número de doctores y la investigación con impacto internacional.

Published
2022

48. Effectiveness of a nation-wide COVID-19 vaccination program in Mexico against symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalizations, and death: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

Author

Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen, primary, Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo, additional, Valdés-Ferrer, Sergio I., additional, Fermín-Martínez, Carlos A., additional, Fernandez-Chirino, Luisa, additional, Ramírez-García, Daniel, additional, Mancilla-Galindo, Javier, additional, Kammar-García, Ashuin, additional, Ávila-Funes, José Alberto, additional, Zúñiga-Gil, Clemente Humberto, additional, García-Grimshaw, Miguel, additional, Ceballos-Liceaga, Santa Elizabeth, additional, Carbajal-Sandoval, Guillermo, additional, Montes-González, José Antonio, additional, Zaragoza-Jiménez, Christian Arturo, additional, García-Rodríguez, Gabriel, additional, Cortés-Alcalá, Ricardo, additional, Reyes-Terán, Gustavo, additional, López-Gatell, Hugo, additional, and Gutierrez-Robledo, Luis Miguel, additional

Published
2022
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49. Proyecto de conversión de programa privativo a uno de software libre. Un caso práctico

Author

López Heredia, Tatiana Estefanía, Paccha Jiménez, Christian David, and Navas Ruilova, Gustavo Ernesto

Subjects
ANÁLISIS DE SISTEMAS, SOFTWARE DE APLICACIÓN, CÓDIGO FUENTE, INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS, SOFTWARE LIBRE
Abstract

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar el proceso de migración de software privativo a software libre del programa “ProHierro Profesional”, utilizando la plataforma de GitHub debido a que la demanda de software libre ha tenido un auge significativo en diversas áreas de estudio y existen casos de éxito en los que softwares privativos han migrado a software libre o han liberado su código fuente como una contribución a la comunidad tecnológica. Par llevar a cabo el proceso de migración se lo hace a través de la aplicación de la metodología EVIM, la cual consta de cinco fases, partiendo desde su viabilidad hasta la determinación del costo total de la migración del software. Adicional se realiza pruebas Pre y Post migración propuestos por los autores. El proceso también incluye el análisis y selección del tipo de licenciamiento más adecuado para satisfacer los requisitos del propietario del software. This article aims to perform the migration process from proprietary software to free software of the "ProHierro Profesional" program, using the GitHub platform because the demand for free software has had an important boom in various areas of study and there are success stories in which proprietary software has migrated to free software or has released its source code as a contribution to the technology community. The migration process is carried out by applying the EVIM methodology, which consists of five phases, starting from its feasibility to the determination of the total cost of the software migration. In addition, the pre- and post-migration tests proposed by the authors are performed. The process also includes the analysis and selection of the most appropriate type of license to meet the requirements of the software owner.

Published
2022

50. Determinants of dropout and permanence in the medical career: Evidence from the Ecuadorian Higher Education System

Author

Torres-Rentería, Sergio René and Escobar-Jiménez, Christian

Subjects
Motivation, Dropout, Deserción, Factores socioeconómicos, Permanencia, Motivación, Socioeconomic factors, Permanence
Abstract

Student dropout has been studied as a multicausal phenomenon, although greater emphasis has been placed on analyzing personal and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to identify student characteristics related to dropout and retention in the Medicine career in Ecuador. We evaluated the socioeconomic characteristics of those enrolled in the medical career in Ecuador for 2013-2018 period in a descriptive and empirical correlational manner. Additionally, we analyzed the motivation for choosing the career of students who took the professional qualification exam for 2016 and 2017. The socioeconomic characteristics are highly homogeneous among students. Internet access, academic background, age, and schooling of the head of household differ between dropouts and non-dropouts. The correlational empirical analysis was not significant in explaining dropout. Interest in ??the study and family suggestions are the most outstanding options to choose a medical career. The dropout is 40 %. Socioeconomic factors do not seem to explain this phenomenon fully. Motivational factors and the fulfillment of personal objectives in career retention stand out. La deserción estudiantil ha sido estudiada como un fenómeno multicausal, aunque se ha puesto mayor énfasis en el análisis de factores personales y socioeconómicos. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las características del estudiante relacionadas con la deserción y retención en la carrera de Medicina en el Ecuador. Se evaluaron de forma descriptiva y empírico correlacional las características socioeconómicas de los matriculados en la carrera de medicina, en el Ecuador, para el periodo 2013-2018. Adicionalmente, se analizó la motivación para la elección de la carrera de los estudiantes que rindieron el examen de habilitación profesional para los periodos 2016 y 2017. Las características socioeconómicas son altamente homogéneas entre estudiantes. El acceso a internet, antecedentes académicos, edad y escolaridad del jefe de hogar difieren entre desertores y no desertores. El análisis empírico correlacional no fue significativo para explicar la deserción. El interés en el área de estudio y sugerencias familiares son las opciones más destacadas para escoger la carrera de medicina. La deserción en la carrera es del 40 %. Los factores socioeconómicos no parecen explicar de forma amplia este fenómeno. Destacan los factores motivacionales y el cumplimiento de objetivos personales en la retención de la carrera.

Published
2022

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