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Objective: To describe the frequency and factors related to mortality in children with Rocky Mountain fever spotted (RMSF) treated for 14 years at the Hospital Infantil del estado de Sonora. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort of 203 children, treated between 2003 and 2016. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between patients who died and those who survived. Chi-square and Student's t were used for comparison between groups; a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall mortality was 26.6%, in the period 2003-2008 happened the highest number of deaths, up to 66% in one year. In recent years, mortality has decreased to 14.3%. Statistically significant clinical features of poor prognosis were: edema of wrists, vasculitis, abdominal pain, renal failure and elevation of transaminases (SGOT and TGP). In recent years, the time of antibiotic initiation has decreased, but it has not been achieved on average ≤ 5 days. Conclusions: In children with RMSF, in this 14-year experience, an important decrease in mortality has been observed; however, more efforts should be made to achieve mortality between 3 and 7%, as has already been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the exanthematous disease by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Material and methods: Review of clinical fi les with diagnosis of CHIKV occurred in the Children's Hospital of the State of Sonora, during the year 2015. Results: Five cases were resolved without complications in the acute phase and one case developed arthritis and arthralgia with three months of evolution without presenting orthopedic sequelae. One case with mild thrombocytopenia, four children developed lymphopenia and one case with neutropenia, leukopenia and lymphopenia. Conclusions: All six cases presented a favorable evolution; no child had the characteristic feature of buckling disease due to pain or any sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the residual stress magnitudes induced during the manufacturing process is of interest since these could affect the structural integrity of manufactured parts depending on whether these are in tension or compression. It is also well known that in a wide variety of aerospace components subjected to external loads during work service, only the compressive residual stresses are acceptable. Therefore, the aim of this work focuses on determining residual stresses and their effects created along aluminum parts manufactured by single point incremental sheet forming (SPIF) process. Experimentally, the residual stresses induced during the SPIF process of the formed parts are estimated by using the X-ray diffraction technique on the inner and outer surfaces. It was found that the recorded residual stresses were changing from tensile to compressive ones along the formed part which is an indication of bending effects. Analytical evaluation of these effects reveals that the magnitude of the bending stress distribution is significant when compared to the material yield stress. Furthermore, the variation of sheet thickness was recorded in the same regions at which the XRD measurements were recorded. Experimental data show that there is a correlation between the residual and bending stress distributions with respect to the variation of the sheet thickness that affects the microstructural evolution of the aluminum parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au-coated magnetic-core nanocomposites with diametersof ∼100nm were synthesized by the biphasic reduction of Au3+ontothe surface of organosilane-stabilized Co nanoparticles of ∼12nm in diameter via an iterative gold reduction. The shell consistsinitially of Au seeds of ∼3 nm in diameter, which can be latergrown to form partially fused ∼6 nm Au NPs. A detailed investigationby transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy,UV–vis, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, X-raydiffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and superconductingquantum interference device magnetometry was performed in order toelucidate the morphology and properties of these nanocomposites. Thesenovel nanoarchitectures, which could be transferred into aqueous phaseby means of an amphiphilic polymer, showed low cytotoxicity on humanHepG2 cells and presented relaxivity in MRI contrast enhancement experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanoparticles of 6, 8, and 16 nm, synthesized with HAuCI4 and sodium citrate, were derived with biomolecules based on the peptide CIPGNVG and possessing different terminal charges. We have studied the stability of these conjugates as a function of ionic strength, pH, and the presence of other species in solution. It was observed that multiple electrostatic interactions between the conjugates mediated by cross-linking species led to an effective strong bond and consequently to irreversible aggregation and precipitation. In the presence of citrate or diamine ions, nanoparticles precipitated when two-headed ions had charges opposite (and therefore attractive) to the conjugate, thus acting as bridging molecules. This effect depends on the pH, the concentration of particles, and their size, and it is relevant to designing bioconjugates for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been an increase in hospitalization for lower respiratory infection secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with greater complications. Associated extrapulmonary alterations, biventricular dysfunction, acute kidney injury, among others, have been found. The objective of this study was to analize the evolution and complications in hospitalized children with lower respiratory infection secondary to RSV after COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All pediatric patients under 2 years of age admitted to the emergency department with RSV infection were included. Clinical characteristics, need for supplemental oxygen, use of amines, renal angina index, and requirement for renal replacement therapy were analyzed. Lung ultrasound was performed upon admission. Statistical analysis was carried out for the quantitative variables by means of mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables by frequency and percentage. Differences in the distribution were evaluated with Fisher's exact distribution. Results: 45 patients with RSV infection were identified, 26.7% required invasive mechanical ventilation and 11.1% requiered peritoneal dialysis. Fatality was observed in four cases, three of these younger than 12 months with a LUS score > 7; contrasts with 90.2% of survivors with a score < 7 (p = 0.0004). Conclusions: An increase in the incidence of bronchiolitis after pandemic was observed, with more than half having moderate to severe symptoms and requiring supplemental oxygen support in all patients upon admission. Acute kidney injury is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung ultrasound is a bedside tool that allows the evaluation of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in pediatric patients through the lung ultrasound score (LUS). We aimed to evaluate a group of patients under 3 years of age with lower respiratory tract infections using LUS at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Methods: We included patients younger than 3 years admitted to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infections. A lung ultrasound was performed within the first 24 h of admission to the emergency department and evaluated using LUS. We analyzed age, sex, etiology of infection, days of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, Downes scale, failure of mechanical ventilation on admission, and mortality. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and medians and interquartile intervals for quantitative variables. Differences in the distribution of LUS variables were evaluated with the Fishers' exact test and Student's t-test. Results: We included a total of 19 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 73.7% with bronchiolitis. Fifty percent of the cases scored 7 on the LUS, 91.7% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 53.8% required invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The use of LUS in lower respiratory tract infections can predict the need for PICU admission, the use of invasive ventilatory support, and prolonged hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two clinical cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children with different clinical course are presented. One patient had a satisfactory evolution, since the specific treatment was initiated within the first five days of initiating the symptoms; while the other patient had a fatal outcome, with necrosis and gangrene in lower extremities. In both cases, diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy using the technique of Pinkerton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal Diels-Alder reactions of chiral 9-methoxyethyl and 9-hydroxyethyl anthracene have been investigated both experimentally and computationally with a range of N-substituted maleimides. Whereas cycloadditions with 9-methoxyethyl anthracene proceeded with almost complete diasteres- electivity, those with 1-anthracene-9-yl-ethanol resulted in essentially no diastereoselectivity. Sub- sequent regio- and stereoselective transformations with reducing agents and carbon nucleophiles demonstrated the synthetic utility of this methodology, which was applied to the enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and an attempted synthesis of the alkaloid crispine A. Computational studies supported the proposed hypotheses for the stereoselectivity observed in the transformations described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on investigating the residual stress values associated with a part fabricated by Selective Laser Melting technology (SLM) when this is subjected further to forces on single point incremental forming (SPIF) operation of variable wall angle. The residual stresses induced by the SLM manufacturing process on the fabricated AlSi10Mg metallic sheets, as well as those produced during their forming SPIF operation were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Significant residual stress levels of variation, positive or negative, along the metallic sample were observed because of the bending effects induced by the SPIF processes. It is also shown how the wall thickness varies along the additive manufactured SPIFed part as well as the morphology of the melting pools as a function of the deformation depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophobicity is an important parameter for the risk assessment of chemicals, but standardised quantitative methods for the determination of hydrophobicity cannot be applied to nanomaterials. Here we describe a method for the direct quantification of the surface energy and hydrophobicity of nanomaterials. The quantification is obtained by comparing the nanomaterial binding affinity to two or more engineered collectors, i.e. surfaces with tuned hydrophobicity. In order to validate the concept, the method is applied to a set of nanoparticles with varying degrees of hydrophobicity. The technique described represents an alternative to the use of other methods such as hydrophobic interaction chromatography or water–octanol partition, which provide only qualitative values of hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity of nanomaterials can strongly influence their behaviour and particularly their interaction with biological systems, but quantifying this in solution can be difficult. Here the surface hydrophobicity of nanoparticles in solution is quantitatively measured by analysing the kinetics of binding to engineered collectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing variety of manufactured nanomaterials, suitable, robust, standardized in vitro screening methods are needed to study the mechanisms by which they can interact with biological systems. The in vitro evaluation of interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with living cells is challenging due to the complex behaviour of NPs, which may involve dissolution, aggregation, sedimentation and formation of a protein corona. These variable parameters have an influence on the surface properties and the stability of NPs in the biological environment and therefore also on the interaction of NPs with cells. We present here a study using 30 nm and 80 nm fluorescently-labelled silicon dioxide NPs (Rubipy-SiO2 NPs) to evaluate the NPs dispersion behaviour up to 48 hours in two different cellular media either supplemented with 10% of serum or in serum-free conditions. Size-dependent differences in dispersion behaviour were observed and the influence of the living cells on NPs stability and deposition was determined. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy techniques we studied the kinetics of the cellular uptake of Rubipy-SiO2 NPs by A549 and CaCo-2 cells and we found a correlation between the NPs characteristics in cell media and the amount of cellular uptake. Our results emphasize how relevant and important it is to evaluate and to monitor the size and agglomeration state of nanoparticles in the biological medium, in order to interpret correctly the results of the in vitro toxicological assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Introducción La cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) es una de las complicaciones más graves de la diabetes mellitus (DM). El objetivo de este trabajo fue destacar la importancia clínica y de laboratorio en el tratamiento de pacientes con CAD, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (HIES) durante un periodo de 15 años. Métodos Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva 140 pacientes con episodios de CAD para informar el seguimiento clínico, de laboratorio y mortalidad con el Protocolo HIES. Resultados La mortalidad fue de 0%, y mediante estadística descriptiva se observaron mínimas complicaciones hidroelectrolíticas sin secuelas neurológicas en tres pacientes con edema cerebral. Conclusiones El Protocolo HIES es práctico y efectivo para el tratamiento hidroelectrolítico y ácido-base de la CAD con un mínimo de complicaciones. Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective of this report was to highlight the clinical and laboratory importance in the treatment of patients with DKA during a 15-year period treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (HIES). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 140 patients with episodes of DKA to report clinical and laboratory features, mortality, and treatment with HIES protocol. Results Mortality was 0%. Using descriptive statistics we observed minimal complications without neurologic sequelae in three patients with cerebral edema. Conclusions The HIES protocol is a practical and effective electrolyte and acid-base treatment for DKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher efficacy and safety of nano gold therapeutics require examination of cellular responses to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this work we compared cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and RNA expression patterns induced in Caco-2 cells exposed to AuNP (5 and 30 nm). Cellular internalization was dose and time-dependent for both AuNPs. The toxicity was observed by colony forming efficiency (CFE) and not by Trypan blue assay, and exclusively for 5 nm AuNPs, starting at the concentration of 200 μM (24 and 72 h of exposure). The most pronounced changes in gene expression (Agilent microarrays) were detected at 72 h (300 μM) of exposure to AuNPs (5 nm). The biological processes affected by smaller AuNPs were: RNA/zinc ion/transition metal ion binding (decreased), cadmium/copper ion binding and glutathione metabolism (increased). Some Nrf2 responsive genes (several metallothioneins, HMOX, G6PD, OSGIN1 and GPX2) were highly up regulated. Members of the selenoproteins were also differentially expressed. Our findings indicate that exposure to high concentration of AuNPs (5 nm) induces metal exposure, oxidative stress signaling pathways, and might influence selenium homeostasis. Some of detected cellular responses might be explored as potential enhancers of anti-cancer properties of AuNPs based nanomedicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We report in vitro evaluation of silica nanoparticle uptake by lung epithelial cells (A549). [•] We examine the effects of surface charge, serum proteins and the influence of inhibitors. [•] Our results suggest an actin dependent, macropinocytotic uptake process. [•] Blebbing of shown to be related to autophagy rather than apoptotic cell death. [•] We propose autophagic activity and cross-talk between autophagic and apoptotic pathways as a mechanism allowing cell survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity were achieved in the microwave assisted Diels–Alder reaction between (S)-9-(1-methoxyethyl) anthracene and 2-cyclopenten-1-one. The addition of Grignard reagents to the ketone cycloadduct gave poor levels of diastereoselectivity, however, the reduction was significantly more stereoselective. Flash vacuum pyrolysis of the reduced material furnished the corresponding allylic alcohol in good yield and ee. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chronic inflammatory conditions can negatively impact intestinal barrier function and affect the epithelium's interaction with nano-sized materials. We demonstrate the application of a Caco-2/THP-1 co-culture mimicking the intestine in healthy (i.e. stable) or inflamed state in nanotoxicological research. The co-cultures were exposed to non-toxic concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or silver nitrate (AgNO 3) for 24 h. The barrier integrity and cytokine release as well as necrotic and apoptotic cell death were investigated. AgNPs and AgNO 3 most strongly affected the inflamed co-culture. Higher concentrations of AgNPs induced a significant increase in barrier integrity in the inflamed but not the stable co-culture. Necrotic and apoptotic cell death was detected in both conditions but were significantly more pronounced in the inflamed condition. The exposure to AgNO 3 affected barrier integrity in all experimental set-ups, but caused nuclear condensation only in the Caco-2 monoculture and the inflamed co-culture. AgNPs reduced the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the stable model. Clear differences were observed in the effects of AgNPs and AgNO 3 in relation to the model's health status. The results suggest an increased vulnerability of the inflamed epithelial barrier towards AgNPs underlining the importance to consider the intestinal health status in the safety assessment of nanomaterials. • In inflamed conditions, Caco-2 cells are more susceptible to AgNP-induced effects than cells in homeostatic co-cultures. • Inflammation-like processes enhance the occurrence of AgNP-induced necrosis and apoptosis. • AgNPs might influence gut homeostasis by inhibiting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]