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The genus Anomalohalacarus Newell, 1949, which is known to occur exclusively inhabiting sand, has not been previously reported from Korea. During a recent survey of the meiofauna from several intertidal sandy beaches in South Korea, we found both sexes of two psammobiont halacarids, Anomalohalacarus angustus sp. nov. and A. biformis Abé, 1996.Both species are similar to each other in sharing an undivided posterior dorsal plate, three and two setae on the anterior and posterior epimeral plates, respectively, three bipectinate setae on tibia IV, and four ventral setae on tarsus I. However, A. angustus sp. nov. is distinguished from A. biformis by the absence of areolae posteriorly on the anterior dorsal plate, a much more slender posterior dorsal plate, a pair of subgenital setae on the genital foramen in females, and seven branched perigenital setae on the genitoanal plate in males. The feature of branched perigenital setae in males is reported for the first time in the genus Anomalohalacarus. The Korean specimens of A. biformis agree well with the original description from Japan, except for the number of ventral bipectinate setae on tibia II. This study presents (re)descriptions of both species with detailed illustrations and provides a dichotomous key to Anomalohalacarus species, including the new species, based on morphological characters. The genus Anomalohalacarus is reported for the first time in South Korea.

Remimazolam is a promising drug for general anesthesia due to its rapid onset, short duration, and short context-sensitive half-life. However, its use in pediatric patients remains off-label, and limited prospective data have been published. Herein, we report successful anesthesia using remimazolam in pediatric patients who had a history of epilepsy or required shared airway surgery. In all cases, remimazolam provided general anesthesia, and flumazenil was used for reversal with rapid recovery. Remimazolam offers advantages for pediatric anesthesia in scenarios with a risk of seizure or shared airway surgery. However, the potential for higher bispectral index values and the risk of anaphylaxis in dextran-allergic patients necessitate caution and further research.

Abstract Preclinical studies are crucial for developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs. Current FDA-approved drugs have been created by monitoring limb muscle function and histological analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model animals. Drug candidates for this disease have yet to be tested for bulbar-onset type due to the limitations of traditional preclinical tools: excessive animal use and discrete detection of disease progress. Here, our study introduces an all-in-one, wireless, integrated wearable system for facilitating continuous drug efficacy assessment of dysphagia-related muscles in animals during natural eating behaviors. By incorporating a kirigami-based strain-isolation mechanism, this device mounted on the skin of animals mitigates electromyography signal contamination caused by unpredictable animal movements. Our findings indicate this system, measuring the progression of motor neuron denervation, offers high precision in monitoring drug effects on dysphagia-responsible bulbar muscles. This study paves the way for more humane and efficient approaches to developing treatment solutions for degenerative neuromuscular diseases.

During the decommissioning of nuclear and particle accelerator facilities, a considerable amount of large-scale radioactive waste may be generated. Accurately defining the activation level of the waste is crucial for proper disposal. However, directly measuring the internal radioactivity distribution poses challenges. This study introduced a novel technology employing machine learning to assess the internal radioactivity distribution based on external measurements. Random radioactivity distribution within a structure were established, and the photon spectrum measured by detectors from outside the structure was simulated using the FLUKA Monte-Carlo code. Through training with spectrum data corresponding to various radioactivity distributions, an evaluation model for radioactivity using simulated data was developed by above Monte-Carlo simulation. Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer methods were utilized to establish the evaluation model. The machine learning construction involves 5425 simulation datasets, and 603 datasets, which were used to obtain the evaluated results. Preprocessing was applied to the datasets, but the evaluation model using raw spectrum data showed the best evaluation results. The estimation of the intensity and shape of the radioactivity distribution inside the structure was achieved with a relative error of 10%. Additionally, the evaluation based on the constructed model takes only a few seconds to complete the process.

Abstract Background Advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have progressed considerably, but a new biomarker that combines existing clinical and pathological data could be useful for a more precise diagnosis and prognosis. Some investigations have found that extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs play crucial roles in various types of malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to explore EV miRNA and identify its biologic function as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC. Methods Plasma samples were collected from five healthy donors (Control, CT) and 17 CRPC patients, categorizing into two groups based on their endocrine treatment response: partial response (PR; n = 10) and progressive disease (PD; n = 7). Candidate extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs were identified using miRNA microarray and RT-qPCR. The biological functions of the selected miRNAs were evaluated using the MTT assay, wound healing assay, trans-well assay, and RNA sequencing in CRPC cells after transient miRNA expression. Results Microarray analysis revealed a significant downregulation of EV-miR-6880-5p in the PD samples compared to both CT and PR samples (p

Patients with heart failure undergoing surgery that requires general anesthesia face substantial perioperative risks; however, clear guidelines are not available for anesthesia management in patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Traditional intravenous and volatile anesthetics require careful administration to prevent severe hypotension and bradycardia in patients with heart failure. Remimazolam has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional anesthetics because of its reduced cardiovascular depressive effects. We present three cases illustrating the successful use of remimazolam to induce and maintain general anesthesia in patients with heart failure and reduced cardiac function. Our cases demonstrate the safe use of remimazolam for general anesthesia in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction.

Abstract Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 alters the antigenicity of the immunodominant spike (S) receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain, undermining the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies. To overcome this challenge, we set out to develop a vaccine focusing antibody responses on the highly conserved but metastable S2 subunit, which folds as a spring-loaded fusion machinery. We describe a strategy for prefusion-stabilization and high yield recombinant production of SARS-CoV-2 S2 trimers with native structure and antigenicity. We demonstrate that our design strategy is broadly generalizable to sarbecoviruses, as exemplified with the SARS-CoV-1 (clade 1a) and PRD-0038 (clade 3) S2 subunits. Immunization of mice with a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 S2 trimer elicits broadly reactive sarbecovirus antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers of comparable magnitude against Wuhan-Hu-1 and the immune evasive XBB.1.5 variant. Vaccinated mice were protected from weight loss and disease upon challenge with XBB.1.5, providing proof-of-principle for fusion machinery sarbecovirus vaccines.

Abstract Background Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is commonly used for pain control in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, significant pain persists, affecting patient recovery and sleep quality on the day of surgery. We compared the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided TAP block with or without rectus sheath (RS) block in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Methods The study was registered before patient enrollment at the Clinical Research Information Service (registration number: KCT0006468, 19/08/2021). 88 American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I-III patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups. RS-TAP group received right lateral and right subcostal TAP block, and RS block with 0.2% ropivacaine (30 mL); Bi-TAP group received bilateral and right subcostal TAP block with same amount of ropivacaine. The primary outcome was visual analogue scale (VAS) for 48 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the use of rescue analgesics, cumulative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) consumption, patient satisfaction, sleep quality, and incidence of adverse events. Results There was no significant difference in VAS score between two groups for 48 h postoperatively. We found no difference between the groups in any of the secondary outcomes: the use of rescue analgesics, consumption of IV-PCA, patient satisfaction with postoperative pain control, sleep quality, and the incidence of postoperative adverse events. Conclusion Both RS-TAP and Bi-TAP blocks provided clinically acceptable pain control in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, although there was no significant difference between two combination blocks in postoperative analgesia or sleep quality.

Abstract Frequent recurrence and metastasis caused by cancer stem cells (CSCs) are major challenges in lung cancer treatment. Therefore, identifying and characterizing specific CSC targets are crucial for the success of prospective targeted therapies. In this study, it is found that upregulated TOR Signaling Pathway Regulator‐Like (TIPRL) in lung CSCs causes sustained activation of the calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) signaling pathway by binding to CaMKK2, thereby maintaining stemness and survival. CaMKK2‐mediated activation of CaM kinase 4 (CaMK4) leads to phosphorylation of cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) at Ser129 and Ser133, which is necessary for its maximum activation and the downstream constitutive expression of its target genes (Bcl2 and HMG20A). TIPRL depletion sensitizes lung CSCs to afatinib‐induced cell death and reduces distal metastasis of lung cancer in vivo. It is determined that CREB activates the transcription of TIPRL in lung CSCs. The positive feedback loop consisting of CREB and TIPRL induces the sustained activation of the CaMKK2‐CaMK4‐CREB axis as a driving force and upregulates the expression of stemness‐ and survival‐related genes, promoting tumorigenesis in patients with lung cancer. Thus, TIPRL and the CaMKK2 signaling axis may be promising targets for overcoming drug resistance and reducing metastasis in lung cancer.

Background Monitoring the oxygenation status is crucial during general anesthesia to ensure patient safety. Although noninvasive pulse oximetry is commonly used to monitor percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), it may not accurately reflect changes in oxygen partial pressure when the latter is excessively high or low. The oxygen reserve index (ORi) provides real-time information about the oxygen reserve status. Case We present a case of successful management of subglottic stenosis using balloon bronchoscopy in an infant with a left ventricular assist device implantation under ORi monitoring to predict hypoxemia during the surgical procedure. Conclusions Utilizing ORi monitoring during anesthesia for procedures involving apnea in critically ill infants can help predict impending desaturation before a drop in SpO2 occurs, allowing anesthesiologists to effectively anticipate and manage the apnea period. Continuous ORi monitoring offers valuable insights during surgical procedures, especially in infants with compromised respiratory and cardiovascular functions.

PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the effects of passive warm-up on flexibility, exercise performance, and lactate oxidation rate in track and field athletes. METHODS A total of eight male athletes with more than three years of athlete experience were recruited as participants, and passive warm-up (PW) and active warm-up (AW) treatments were conducted in a single-group crossover study design. The participants performed thermal stimulation at 40°C for 20 minutes as a PW and performed a 60-70% HRmax cycle as an AW. Flexibility and exercise performance were measured after each treatment. Anaerobic power was measured using the Wingate test, and lactic acid concentration was measured. RESULTS Body temperature significantly increased in both PW and AW, and no significant difference was observed in exercise performance between treatments. Flexibility and lactic acid oxidation rate were significantly higher in PW than in AW. CONCLUSIONS In track and field sprinters, PW did not exhibit any significant difference in anaerobic power and exercise performance compared to AW even though no physical exercise was performed, and PW was effective in body temperature, lactic acid oxidation rate, and flexibility. PW suggests the possibility of replacing AW.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring has recently been an important indicator of cardiac health diagnosis. In the past, ECG could be measured under limited conditions in hospitals with 12‐lead electrode systems. Recently, portable and wearable devices have offered continuous, real‐time monitoring of ECG signals in real life. However, developing wearable ECG sensors that provide low‐motion artifacts and high‐quality signals during exercise conditions is still challenging. Herein, this review reports a systematic summary of the key characteristics, properties, and requirements of flexible wearable ECG devices for the early diagnosis of heart dysfunction in dynamic motions, including exercise. In addition, the recent progress in controlling sensor adhesion and novel materials for designing dry electrodes are discussed to improve ECG signal quality in exercise. Finally, various aspects of electrode developmental challenges and limitations are reviewed, and research directions for future studies are discussed.

As an eco-friendly alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process, electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the oxygen reduction reaction has been attracting attention. The goal of this work is to derive a carbon-based material from carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve high performance in electrochemical H2O2 production. Doping heterogeneous element such as oxygen on a carbon catalyst has been mainly explored to increase the selectivity and activity, but little research has been conducted on enhancing catalytic activity with oxidized boron insertion. This study proposes porous carbon materials synthesized from CO2 as electrocatalysts. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was thermally treated together to increase the boron-oxygen bonding sites. As a result, the synthesized carbon materials having oxidized boron functional groups of BC2O and BCO2 showed high activity (1.25 mA cm−2) and selectivity (∼90 %) over a wide voltage range in two-electron ORR (Oxygen Reduction Reaction) at alkaline media. Furthermore, in an H-cell where 0.4 V vs. RHE was applied, the average H2O2 production rate was maintained at 452.96 mmol g−1 h−1 for four hours with a high faraday efficiency of 90 %.

Abstract The age and stroke-associated decline in musculoskeletal strength degrades the ability to perform daily human tasks using the upper extremities. Here, we introduce an intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton system that utilizes deep learning to predict human intention for strength augmentation. The embedded soft wearable sensors provide sensory feedback by collecting real-time muscle activities, which are simultaneously computed to determine the user’s intended movement. Cloud-based deep learning predicts four upper-limb joint motions with an average accuracy of 96.2% at a 500–550 ms response rate, suggesting that the exoskeleton operates just by human intention. In addition, an array of soft pneumatics assists the intended movements by providing 897 newtons of force while generating a displacement of 87 mm at maximum. The intent-driven exoskeleton can reduce human muscle activities by 3.7 times on average compared to the unassisted exoskeleton.

“Chronic pain after spinal surgery” (CPSS) is a nonspecific term for cases in which the end result of surgery generally does not meet the preoperative expectations of the patient and surgeon. This term has replaced the previous term i.e., failed back surgery syndrome. CPSS is challenging for both patients and doctors. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and technologies, a subset of patients continue to experience persistent or recurrent pain postoperatively. This review provides an overview of the multimodal management for CPSS, ranging from conservative management to revision surgery. Drawing on recent research and clinical experience, we aimed to offer insights into the diverse strategies available to improve the quality of life of CPSS patients.

Abstract Background Segmentectomy for early‐stage lung cancer has benefits for survival and parenchymal preservation. However, segmentectomies are technically challenging, thereby resulting in considerable variability in the quality of resection. In this study, we aimed to review the quality of segmentectomies and analyze their clinical impact. Methods This retrospective study reviewed patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer after segmentectomies between 2013 and 2021. Segmentectomies were classified as anatomical or nonanatomical; anatomical resection included segmental bronchus and vessel (artery and/or vein) divisions; others were classified as nonanatomical. The primary outcome was recurrence‐free and overall survival, and the secondary outcome was postoperative spirometry and lung plication, which is seen as a fibrotic line along the stapling site. Results Of the 132 segmental resections included in this study, 101 (76.5%) were anatomical segmentectomies. The median consolidation‐tumor ratio was 0.40, and 83.3% (110/132) had ground‐glass opacities (GGOs). Compared to nonanatomical resections, more N1 and total lymph node stations were retrieved after anatomical segmentectomies. Regarding clinical outcomes, recurrence‐free survival was better after anatomical segmentectomy (p = 0.049); however, overall survival was not significantly different (p = 0.064). Furthermore, at 3–6 months postoperatively, thicker lung plication at the stapling site was observed in nonanatomical resections (p

Abstract This study examines the change in rice yield due to ozone exposure in South Korea using extended air quality monitoring data from 2000 onwards. Notably, the maximum daily 8-h average O3 (MDA8O3) showed a substantial annual increase of 1 part per billion by volume (ppbv) from 1990 to 2021. AOT40 (accumulated dose of ozone over a threshold of 40 ppb) levels exceeded set thresholds in the early 2010s, and the M7 (mean 7-h ozone mixing ratio) index exhibited a parallel pattern, with a more pronounced increase than the AOT40 during the same period. Spatial variations of AOT40 and M7 metrics have been assessed annually across South Korea since 2000. Both metrics displayed spatial disparities, with higher values in western regions and lower values in the east. In particular, Dangjin and Seosan counties in Chungnam province experienced the greatest rice yield loss due to extensive rice cultivation area and high ozone exposure metrics. The quantified yield loss due to AOT40 increased from 127,000 in 2000 to 230,000 tonnes in 2021 with an increasing rate of 6500 tonnes per year. M7 indicated a rise in yield loss of 3500 tonnes per year, with yield losses growing from 32,000 in 2000 to 92,000 tonnes in 2021. Despite M7’s lower loss, it demonstrated a higher percentage increase of 188% over two decades, which was double AOT40’s 81%. While the decline in rice production was mainly linked to shrinking cultivation areas, its productivity was improved. Taking both factors into account, there was an unexplained 3% decrease in production over the same period. This discrepancy was close to the 2.5% rice yield loss attributed to the AOT40 metrics, suggesting that the majority of the additional 3% decline in production, surpassing improvements in productivity, could be attributed to the impacts of ozone exposure. We estimated the annual economic loss due to rice yield loss up to around 0.6 billion US dollars, corresponding to an annual rice production loss of 230,000 tonnes using AOT40. It is important to note that this value is expected to steadily worsen as ozone levels increase. This underscores the urgency of taking swift measures to reduce ozone levels, aiming not only to mitigate future economic losses but also to prevent potential health implications.

Background Surgical scars subjected to excessive tension tend to widen and become hypertrophic due to strong mechanical stretching forces. In this study, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of combined intraoperative and postoperative long-term tension reduction techniques for the revision of scars subjected to excessive tension. Methods In total, 64 cases (62 patients) underwent scar revision and were followed for 6 months or more. The long-term tension reduction technique included intraoperative subcutaneous fascial and deep dermal closure using nonabsorbable nylon sutures and postoperative long-term skin taping for 3 to 8 months. The final scars were objectively evaluated using our Linear Scar Evaluation Scale (LiSES, 0-10 scale), which consisted of five categories: width, height, color, texture, and overall appearance. Results All 64 cases healed successfully, without early postoperative complications such as infection or dehiscence. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 6 years. The LiSES scores ranged from 5 to 10 (mean: 8.2). Fifty-one cases (79.6%) received a score of 8 to 10, which was assessed as “very good” by the evaluator. Two cases with a score of 5 (3%) showed partial hypertrophic scars at the last follow-up visit. All patients were highly satisfied with their final outcomes, including the two patients who experienced partial hypertrophic scars. Conclusions A combination of intraoperative and postoperative long-term tension reduction techniques can achieve the goal of long-term dermal support and satisfactory aesthetic outcomes for scar revision in areas subjected to excessive tension.

Two new species, Cerviniella bisegmenta sp. nov. and C. permixta sp. nov., are described in detail with illustrations based on females from the Korean Yellow Sea. These species lacking the fourth leg endopod belong to the mirabilipes group, one of two species groups within the genus Cerviniella Smirnov, 1946. Both species can be distinguished from each other by the surface ornamentation of the cephalothorax, shape of the rostrum tip, antennule segments, armature formula of thoracic legs 1–4, and length ratio of the caudal rami. Cerviniella bisegmenta sp. nov. is characterized by a short caudal ramus and a two-segmented antennary exopod, which are unique within the genus. Cerviniella permixta sp. nov. differs from other congeners of the mirabilipes group by the seven-segmented antennule, the armature formulae of the exopod of the antenna and thoracic legs 1–4, and the modified apical inner element of the second endopodal segment of the second leg. The present study is the first to identify the genus Cerviniella in Korean waters, resulting in extension of its distribution area to East Asia.

Occupational lung disease remains one of the most common work-related illnesses and accounts for most deaths from occupational illness. Occupational lung diseases often have delayed manifestation over decades and nonspecific clinical presentations, making it challenging for clinicians to promptly identify the disease and implement preventive measures. Radiologists play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing occupational lung diseases, allowing for removal of the exposure and early medical intervention. In this review, we share our clinical and radiologic approach to diagnosing occupational lung disease and its subtypes. A collection of sample cases of occupational lung diseases commonly encountered in the modern era at a large Canadian university hospital is included to facilitate understanding. This review will provide radiologists with valuable insights into recognizing and diagnosing occupational lung diseases.

The development of high-filled 3D printing resin necessitates a bonding protocol for dental indirect restorations to achieve optimal bond strength after cementation. This study evaluates shear bond strengths of high-filler 3D printed materials for permanent restorations with various surface treatments. Rodin Sculpture 1.0 (50% lithium disilicate fillers) and 2.0 Ceramic Nanohybrid (>60% zirconia and lithium disilicate fillers) were tested, with Aelite All-Purpose Body composite resin as control. Samples were prepared, post-cured, and sandblasted with alumina (25 µm). Surface roughness was analyzed using an optical profilometer. Two bonding protocols were compared. First, groups were treated with lithium disilicate silane (Porcelain Primer) or zirconia primer (Z-Prime Plus) or left untreated without a bonding agent. Beam-shaped resin cement (DuoLink Universal) specimens were bonded and stored in a 37 °C water bath. Second, additional sets of materials were coated with a bonding agent (All-Bond Universal), either followed by silane application or left untreated. These sets were then similarly stored alongside resin cement specimens. Shear bond tests were performed after 24 h. SEM images were taken after debonding. One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan were performed for the statistical analysis. Rodin 1.0 exhibited increased adhesive failure with silane or zirconia primer coating, but significantly improved bond strengths with bonding agent application. Rodin 2.0 showed consistent bond strengths regardless of bonding agent application, but cohesive failure rates increased with bonding agent and filler coating. In all groups, except for Rodin 1.0 without bonding agent, silane coating increased cohesive failure rate. In conclusion, optimal shear bond strength for high-filler 3D printing materials can be achieved with silane coating and bonding agent application.

Abstract Background Creationist religious views have a large influence on the public’s views and learning related to evolution, especially human evolution. Creationism has been shown to reinforce students’ design teleological stance, which creates a challenging conceptual obstacle for learning evolution. The purpose of the current study was to determine if students with creationist views responded differently to education intended to directly challenge design teleological reasoning in the context of a human evolution course, compared to students with naturalist views. In a convergent mixed methods design this study combined pre- and post-semester quantitative survey data (N = 48) on student endorsement of teleological reasoning, acceptance of evolution (Inventory of Student Evolution Acceptance), and understanding of natural selection (Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection), with a thematic analysis of student reflective writing on their understanding and acceptance of natural selection and teleological reasoning. Results This study found that students with creationist views had higher levels of design teleological reasoning and lower levels of acceptance of evolution at the beginning of the semester, compared to students with naturalist views (p

Abstract Biometric locking systems offer a seamless integration of an individual's physiological characteristics with secure authentication. However, they suffer from limitations such as false positive and negative authentication, environmental interference, and varying disadvantages across multiple authentication methods. To address these limitations, this study develops a soft smart biopatch for a continuous cardiac biometric wearable device that can continuously gather novel biometric data from an individual's heart sound for authentication with minimal error (less than 0.5%). The device is designed to be discreet and user‐friendly, and it employs soft biocompatible materials to ensure comfort and ease of use. The patch system incorporates a miniaturized microphone to monitor sounds over long periods and multiple dimensions, enhancing the reliability of the biometric data. Furthermore, the use of machine‐learning algorithms has enabled the creation of unique identification keys for individuals based on the continuous monitoring properties of the low‐cost device. These advantages make it more effective and efficient than traditional biometric systems, with the potential to enhance the security of mobile devices and door locks.

The oxide passivation layer on the lithium metal surface causes uneven deposition and stripping in lithium metal batteries. Here authors introduce uniform homo-epitaxial lithium deposition on the metal surface to alleviate this issue and improve the cycle stability of the lithium metal batteries.

Abstract Recently, new types of base editors, C-to-G base editors (CGBEs), that enable cytosine transversions that are unachievable with cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenosine base editors (ABEs), have been developed in human cells. However, despite their importance in crop genome editing, the efficacy of CGBEs has not yet been extensively evaluated. In our study, based on the previously reported plant-compatible CBE and human CGBE, we demonstrated that our monocot plant-compatible CGBEs (PcCGBEs) enable cytosine transversions (C-to-G) in rice protoplasts. For all targets tested, PcCGBEs (monocot plant-compatible CGBEs) appeared to have substantial levels of C-to-G editing activity. PcCGBE showed a much higher C-to-G base editing activity and C-to-G specificity among C-to-D conversions than the mini-version of PcCGBE. Our demonstration of PcCGBE could provide a platform for the further development of enhanced CGBEs for reliable application as a new crop breeding technology.

As the management areas for NPS pollution continue to increase, it is essential to conduct a situation analysis considering the regional characteristics and the scope of pollution reduction. In this study, the focus is on differentiating regional (urban, agricultural) characteristics to enhance water quality and reduce pollution loads in the increasing management areas for NPSs. Furthermore, priority management areas are identified based on urgency and vulnerability, and management strategies are proposed. The assessment involved evaluating both streamflow and water quality (T-P) using long-term monitoring data and watershed models (SWAT and HSPF) that take into account regional characteristics. The results indicated notable regional improvements, with T-P pollution reductions ranging from 20.7% to 26.8% and T-P concentration reductions ranging from 16.4% to 24.7% compared to baseline conditions in unmanaged areas. Based on these research findings, it is anticipated that the efficient and effective management of NPS pollution can be implemented on a regional basis. Moreover, the results of this study will not only contribute to the establishment of pollution standards, but also significantly impact the evaluation and proposal of management objectives, thereby making a substantial contribution to national water quality policies.

Current advancements in biosignal-based user recognition technology are paving the way for a next-generation solution that addresses the limitations of face- and fingerprint-based user recognition methods. However, existing biosignal benchmark databases (DBs) for user recognition often suffer from limitations, such as data collection from a small number of subjects in a single session, hindering comprehensive analysis of biosignal variability. This study introduces CSU_MBDB1 and CSU_MBDB2, databases containing electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals from diverse experimental subjects recorded across multiple sessions. These in-house DBs comprise ECG and EMG data recorded in multiple sessions from 36 and 58 subjects, respectively, with a time interval of more than one day between sessions. During the experiments, subjects performed a total of six gestures while comfortably seated at a desk. CSU_MBDB1 and CSU_MBDB2 consist of three identical gestures, providing expandable data for various applications. When the two DBs are expanded, ECGs and EMGs from 94 subjects can be used, which is the largest number among the multi-biosignal benchmark DBs built by multi-sessions. To assess the usability of the constructed DBs, a user recognition experiment was conducted, resulting in an accuracy of 66.39% for ten subjects. It is important to emphasize that we focused on demonstrating the applicability of the constructed DBs using a basic neural network without signal denoising capabilities. While this approach results in a sacrifice in accuracy, it concurrently provides substantial opportunities for performance enhancement through the implementation of optimized algorithms. Adapting signal denoising processes to the constructed DBs and designing a more sophisticated neural network would undoubtedly contribute to improving the recognition accuracy. Consequently, these constructed DBs hold promise in user recognition, offering valuable research for future investigations. Additionally, DBs can be used in research to analyze the nonlinearity characteristics of ECG and EMG.

In this paper, the strategy decision algorithm for automatic evasive steering (AES) integrating a convolution neural network (CNN) with a physics-based threat assessment is proposed. Five collision avoidance or mitigation strategies, including evasive steering, lane change, and steering to shoulder stop are considered for the strategy decision. Although there are many model-based or data-driven approaches for collision avoidance in the literature, a new decision method integrating data-driven classification based on CNN with both threat assessment and prediction techniques is proposed to improve reliability as well as accuracy. First, a set of abstracted images in a bird eye’s view including the threat assessment and trajectory prediction information are generated. More specifically, a few collision indexes and interaction multiple model-unscented Kalman filter are used respectively for threat assessment and prediction. Once a stack of the images so called predicted semantic map corresponding to each collision avoidance strategy are generated, the decision classification based on CNN follows to choose an appropriate strategy for AES. Finally, the proposed decision algorithm is trained and validated through typical safe scenario data coming from field operation tests (FOT) and safety-critical scenario data via simulations.

Monitoring tumor volume changes in response to therapeutic agents is a critical step in preclinical drug development. Here, an automated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based approach is proposed using a deep learning framework for tracking longitudinal tumor volume changes in an orthotopic breast cancer model treated with chemotherapy. Longitudinal magnetic resonance images are employed to track changes in tumor volume over time, using an untreated group and a doxorubicin-treated group as the dataset to evaluate treatment effects. Our approach, called Tumor Segmentation-Net (TS-Net), involves replacing the encoder of U-Net with a pre-trained ResNet34 to improve performance. The model was trained using a sample size of n=19 from the untreated group and then subsequently assessed on both the untreated group (n=5) and treated group (n=6). The correlation between the tumor volume determined from the ground truth and that obtained from the trained output was strong ( $\text{R}^{2}$ =0.984, slope=0.996). These results can lead to automated three-dimensional visualization of different longitudinal volume changes with and without treatment. Notably, for small tumors with volumes between 2 and 5 mm3, the proposed TS-Net demonstrated an average Dice similarity coefficient score of 0.85, indicating the ability to reliably detect early tumors that may often be missed. Our approach offers a promising tool for preclinical evaluation of tumor volume changes and treatment efficacy in animal models.

Objective: To analyze peritoneal spillage and displacement of indocyanine green (ICG)-stained tissues from uterine cervix to pelvis during intracorporeal/vaginal colpotomy in laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy. Materials and methods: Eleven patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy were included. One patient with an incidental diagnosis of endometrial cancer was excluded. Of the 10 patients, five underwent intracorporeal colpotomy (IC) and five received vaginal colpotomy (VC) during laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy. Approximately 5 cm of resected round ligament from each patient was stained with ICG and cut to 1.0 × 1.0 cm in size. Four to five fragments of ICG-stained tissues were placed and sutured on the uterine cervix before colpotomy. During and after colpotomy, serial pictures under white and fluorescence light were taken to document peritoneal spillage and displacement of ICG-stained tissues to the pelvic peritoneum. Results: Peritoneal spillage of ICG occurred in the entire IC group. Displacement of ICG-stained tissues from uterine cervix to pelvic peritoneum were visualized in three (60%) patients undergoing IC. In the five patients who received VC, peritoneal spillage of ICG and displacement of ICG-stained tissue to pelvic peritoneum did not occur. There were no perioperative complications. Conclusions: IC in minimally invasive radical hysterectomy should not be performed because peritoneal spillage of ICG and displacement of ICG-stained tissues from uterine cervix to pelvis frequently occurs during IC. Therefore, specific measures to prevent tumor exposure during colpotomy should be implemented in cervical cancer patients.

Marine benthic harpacticoid copepods are poorly known in Korea due to the difficulty in obtaining specimens. Currently, the genus Stylicletodes Lang, 1936, which is known to occur in subtidal sediments, has not been reported in this area so far. During surveys on the subtidal meiofauna, we found a new species of Stylicletodes from several subtidal muddy sediments in the Yellow Sea and South Sea.In this study, we describe both sexes of a new species of Stylicletodes collected from the Yellow Sea and South Sea of Korea. Stylicletodes trifidus sp. nov. differs from its congeners in the following characteristics: the trifid rostrum, relative length ratio of the endopods to exopods on legs 1–4, reduced armature formulae on legs 3–4, constricted shape at mid-length of the anal somite, and structure of the sexually dimorphic male leg 3 with a two-segmented endopod. The new species underwent loss of the maxilliped, which is very rare in harpacticoids and is probably an important clue for the phylogeny of the species of Stylicletodes.

Abstract More than half of all Americans suffer from chronic diseases, the leading causes of death and disability. However, prompt treatment of chronic diseases can lead to better patient outcomes and a reduced burden on the healthcare system. This highlights the urgent need for electrochemical (EC) sensors that provide non‐invasive, real‐time monitoring of disease‐indicating biomarkers. Due to their high sensitivity, high selectivity, and cost‐effectiveness, EC biosensors have recently shown tremendous promise for individualized health monitoring. This review explains the working principles of EC biosensors. It summarizes the recent advances and improvements of EC biosensors for detecting biomarkers in different biofluids, including tears, saliva, breath, urine, and sweat. Through a comprehensive overview of EC biosensor technologies, this article is expected to aid the development of flexible and wearable EC biosensing systems that have the potential to provide continuous, long‐term health monitoring for both clinical and at‐home use.

Hematology analysis, a common clinical test for screening various diseases, has conventionally required a chemical staining process that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To reduce the costs of chemical staining, label-free imaging can be utilized in hematology analysis. In this work, we exploit optical diffraction tomography and the fully convolutional one-stage object detector or FCOS, a deep learning architecture for object detection, to develop a label-free hematology analysis framework. Detected cells are classified into four groups: red blood cell, abnormal red blood cell, platelet, and white blood cell. In the results, the trained object detection model showed superior detection performance for blood cells in refractive index tomograms (0.977 mAP) and also showed high accuracy in the four-class classification of blood cells (0.9708 weighted F1 score, 0.9712 total accuracy). For further verification, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were compared with values obtained from reference hematology equipment, with our results showing reasonable correlation in both MCV (0.905) and MCH (0.889). This study provides a successful demonstration of the proposed framework in detecting and classifying blood cells using optical diffraction tomography for label-free hematology analysis.

The process of cellular senescence, which is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, is strongly associated with dysfunctional cellular metabolism and circadian rhythmicity, both of which are reported to result from and also be causal to cellular senescence. As a result, modifying any of them—senescence, metabolism, or the circadian clock—may affect all three simultaneously. Obesity accelerates aging by disrupting the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via an increased mitochondrial burden of fatty acid oxidation. As a result, if senescence, metabolism, and circadian rhythm are all linked, anti-obesity treatments may improve metabolic regulation while also alleviating senescence and circadian rhythm. Vutiglabridin is a small molecule in clinical trials that improves obesity by enhancing mitochondrial function. We found that chronic treatment of senescent primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with vutiglabridin alleviates all investigated markers of cellular senescence (SA-β-gal, CDKN1A, CDKN2A) and dysfunctional cellular circadian rhythm (BMAL1) while remarkably preventing the alterations of mitochondrial function and structure that occur during the process of cellular senescence. Our results demonstrate the significant senescence-alleviating effects of vutiglabridin, specifically with the restoration of cellular circadian rhythmicity and metabolic regulation. These data support the potential development of vutiglabridin against aging-associated diseases and corroborate the intricate link between cellular senescence, metabolism, and the circadian clock.

HK022 put is an RNA element that inhibits transcription termination without aids from protein factors. Here, authors solved cryo-EM structures of put-associated RNA polymerase and showed the structure of putRNA and its binding to the RNA polymerase.

Thirty-nine species of symbiotic copepods, comprising 24 species of poecilostome Cyclopoida and 15 species of Siphonostomatoida, are reported from Korean waters, which were collected using underwater light traps at 33 collection sites around the South Korean coast. Ten new species are described: Hemicyclops rapax sp. nov. in the family Clausidiidae; Pontoclausia cochleata sp. nov. and P. pristina sp. nov. in the family Clausiidae; Heteranthessius unisetatus sp. nov. in the family Lichomolgidae; Pusanomyicola sensitivus gen. nov., sp. nov. in the family Myicolidae; Polyankylis bogilensis sp. nov. in the family Polyankyliidae; Pseudanthessius linguifer sp. nov. in the Pseudanthessiidae; Eupolymniphilus foliatus sp. nov. in the family Sabelliphilidae; and Acontiophorus estivalis sp. nov. and Thermocheres pacificus sp. nov. in the family Asterocheridae. Supplementary descriptions or notes for other species are provided as appropriate.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are good systems for large-scale energy storage. Here, the authors report that the corrosion of zinc metal anode is the origin of limited lifetime of vanadium oxide-based aqueous zinc ion batteries, and supressing corrosion improves the calendar and cycle lifetime markedly.

Abstract Background Teleological reasoning is a cognitive bias purported to disrupt student ability to understand natural selection. Few studies have described pedagogical efforts to decrease student endorsement of teleological reasoning and measure the effects of this attenuation on the understanding and acceptance of evolution. This exploratory study examined the influence of explicit instructional activities directly challenging student endorsement of teleological explanations for evolutionary adaptations on their learning of natural selection over a semester-long undergraduate course in evolutionary medicine. In a convergent mixed methods design this study combined pre- and post-semester survey data (N = 83) on understanding natural selection, student endorsement of teleological reasoning, and acceptance of evolution, with thematic analysis of student reflective writing on their understanding and acceptance of natural selection and teleological reasoning. Results Student endorsement of teleological reasoning decreased and understanding and acceptance of natural selection increased during a course on human evolution with teleological intervention (p ≤ 0.0001), compared to a control course. Endorsement of teleological reasoning was predictive of understanding of natural selection prior to the semester. Thematic analysis revealed that prior to the course students were largely unaware of the concept of teleological reasoning and their own tendency to think about evolution in a purpose-directed way, but perceived attenuation of their own teleological reasoning by the end of the semester. Conclusions This exploratory study provides initial evidence that class activities to directly challenge student endorsement of unwarranted design teleological reasoning reduces the level and effects of teleological reasoning in an evolution course. Students were unaware of their high levels of endorsement of teleological reasoning upon entrance into the undergraduate human evolution course, which is consequential because teleological reasoning is a predicter of natural selection understanding. As a result of developed anti-teleological pedagogy, students had decreased unwarranted teleological reasoning and increased acceptance and understanding of natural selection over the course of the semester. The data presented show that students are receptive to explicit instructional challenges to their teleological reasoning and that attenuation of this bias is associated with gains in natural selection understanding and acceptance.

Malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TsGCT) is a rare disease that can arise as a recurrent lesion or co-exist with a benign TsGCT lesion. Here we report a rare case of malignant TsGCT in a 73-year-old male with a history of lymphoma. The tumor appeared as a superficial soft-tissue mass in the subcutaneous fat tissue of the left knee.

The continuous advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology depends on the efficient processing of unstructured data, encompassing text, speech, and video. Traditional serial computing systems based on the von Neumann architecture, employed in information and communication technology development for decades, are not suitable for the concurrent processing of massive unstructured data tasks with relatively low-level operations. As a result, there arises a pressing need to develop novel parallel computing systems. Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest among developers in emulating the intricate operations of the human brain, which efficiently processes vast datasets with remarkable energy efficiency. This has led to the proposal of neuromorphic computing systems. Of these, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), designed to closely resemble the information processing mechanisms of biological neural networks, are subjects of intense research activity. Nevertheless, a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between spike shapes and Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) to ensure efficient synaptic behavior remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we systematically explore various input spike types to optimize the resistive memory characteristics of Hafnium-based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction (FTJ) devices. Among the various spike shapes investigated, the square-triangle (RT) spike exhibited good linearity and symmetry, and a wide range of weight values could be realized depending on the offset of the RT spike. These results indicate that the spike shape serves as a crucial indicator in the alteration of synaptic connections, representing the strength of the signals.

The taxonomic concept of the genus Stenocaris Sars, 1909 is uncertain because none of the synapomorphies for the species of Stenocaris are defined. Detailed comparison of previous records of Stenocaris minor (T. Scott, 1892) from different localities reveals that this species represents a species complex composed of two species, S. minor s. str. and S. minor sensu Cottarelli & Venanzetti, 1989. Because the latter species has fundamental differences in the nature of the fifth leg in females and the sexual dimorphism of the second leg in males, we propose a new species for S. minor sensu Cottarelli & Venanzetti, 1989, S. figaroloensis sp. nov. We also suggest that S. minor sensu Apostolov, 1971, S. minor sensu Marinov, 1971, and S. minor sensu Apostolov & Marinov, 1988 from the Black Sea and S. minor sensu Wilson, 1932 from North America should be relegated to species inquirenda in the genus. Taxonomic review of the morphology of all Stenocaris species indicated that the generic concept must be restricted to accommodate S. minor s. str., S. gracilis Sars, 1909, S. intermedia Itô, 1972, S. figaroloensis sp. nov., and the South Korean new species, S. marcida sp. nov., based on the synapomorphic condition of the confluent fifth leg in males. As a result of our analysis, two Stenocaris species, S. baltica Arlt, 1983 and S. pygmaea Noodt, 1955, are transferred to the genus Vermicaris Kornev & Chertoprud, 2008 as V. baltica (Arlt, 1983) comb. nov. and V. pygmaea (Noodt, 1955) comb. nov. based on the synapomorphic characters of a reduced condition of the second and fifth legs. Additionally, S. arenicola Wilson, 1932 and S. kliei (Kunz, 1938) are allocated to a new genus, Huysicaris gen. nov., mainly characterized by obvious caudal rami with a recurved dorsal spinous process and convex inner margins, as H. arenicola (Wilson, 1932) comb. nov. and H. kliei (Kunz, 1938) comb. nov. A marine interstitial harpacticoid collected from the subtidal substrate off Dok-do Island in the East Sea of South Korea is proposed as S. marcida sp. nov. and the distribution of S. intermedia, originally known from its type locality in Japanese waters only, is extended to the East Sea of Korea and Russia. We provide their detailed descriptions and illustrations and discuss the morphological characters supporting their identities.

Abstract We conducted spatiotemporal assessments of ozone in South Korea from 1990–2020 to evaluate trends and compare changes in compliance based on South Korean, US, and EU standards. Observational data from nationwide air-quality monitoring stations were collected and converted to the maximum daily 8 hr ozone average (MDA8O3). Seasonal ozone variations displayed an overall increase across most of South Korea and a noticeably high rate of 0.86 ppbv/yr in Seoul, with an even higher rate 1.2 ppbv/yr for the fourth-highest MDA8O3. Recent air-quality regulations to reduce NOx emissions have been estimated to weaken NO titration effects, leading to higher ozone levels for VOC-limited urban areas in South Korea while decreasing ozone concentrations elsewhere. In recent years, nearly all monitoring stations have exceeded the South Korean MDA8O3 standard, leading to debate regarding the adequacy of current standards for monitoring changes in nonattainment. Comparison with EU and US standards showed that implementing these could significantly lower nonattainment events due to the easing of target threshold values by either percentile or concentration values. Relative distances in nonattainment percentages between South Korean and other standards indicated that the EU ozone guideline was most suitable for tracing recent ozone changes not apparent when using the South Korean or US standards.

Background Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a protein chaperone for most of the important signal transduction pathways in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Akt. The aim of our study is to identify peptide-based vaccines and to develop an effective immunotherapeutics for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.Methods HSP90-derived major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II epitopes were selected using in silico algorithms and validated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). In vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated in MMTVneu-transgenic mice. HSP90 peptide-specific systemic T-cell responses were assessed using interferon gamma ELISPOT assay, and immune microenvironment in tumors was evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry and TCRβ sequencing.Results First, candidate HSP90-derived MHC class II epitopes with high binding affinities across multiple human HLA class II genotypes were identified using in silico algorithms. Among the top 10 peptides, p485 and p527 were selected as promising Th1 immunity-inducing epitopes with low potential for Th2 immunity induction. The selected MHC class II HSP90 peptides induced strong antigen-specific T cell responses, which was induced by cross-priming of CD8+ T cells in vivo. The HSP90 peptide vaccines were effective in the established tumor model, and their efficacy was further enhanced when combined with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist and/or anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 antibody in MMTVneu-transgenic mice. Increased tumor rejection was associated with increased systemic HSP90-specific T-cell responses, increased T-cell recruitment in tumor microenvironment, intermolecular epitope spreading, and increased rearrangement of TCRβ by STING agonist.Conclusions In conclusion, we have provided the first preclinical evidence of the action mechanism of HSP90 peptide vaccines with a distinct potential for improving breast cancer treatment.

Abstract Threshold switching in chalcogenides has attracted considerable attention because of their potential application to high-density and three-dimensional stackable cross-point array structures. However, despite their excellent threshold switching characteristics, the selectivity and endurance characteristics of such selectors should be improved for practical application. In this study, the effect of Ag on the threshold switching behavior of a Ga2Te3 selector was investigated in terms of selectivity and endurance. The Ag-Ga2Te3 selector exhibited a high selectivity of 108 with low off-state current of

Two marine halacarids, Copidognathus levicostatus n. sp. and C. vicinus Bartsch, 1997, belonging to the C. gibbus group, have been recorded based on both sexes from the microhabitat of intertidal and sublittoral rocks on the coast of South Korea. Copidognathus levicostatus n. sp. Is characterized by a combination of features, as follows: the absence of areolae with rosette pores on all dorsal and ventral plates, the presence of a short frontal process, a pair of costae with raised narrow ribs on the posterior dorsal plate, the partial fusion of the anterior epimeral plate and genitoanal plate in both sexes, and three pairs of perigenital setae in the male. The Korean specimens of C. vicinus Bartsch, 1997 agree well with the original description from Hong Kong, except for the lateral claws bearing a comb. This study provides detailed (re)descriptions of the morphological characteristics of the two Korean halacarid species, C. levicostatus n. sp. and C. vicinus, based on illustrations and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs. Additionally, we present a dichotomous key for known Copidognathus species in Korean waters, accompanied by a brief comment on their occurrence in various microhabitats, especially their habitat preferences for geniculate and non-geniculate red coralline algae.

The female reproductive system becomes fertile through the action of hormones involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. On the other hand, estrogen-like endocrine disruptors released into the environment come into contact with humans by various routes and affect the reproductive system. Exposure to these chemicals can cause problems with the reproductive process, from egg ovulation to implantation, or cause female reproductive diseases. These reproductive problems cause infertility. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used for lubrication in silicone polymers, households, and personal care products. In the case of D5, it is discharged through factory wastewater and can bioaccumulate. Therefore, it accumulates in the human body. In this study, D5 was administered orally for four weeks to determine the effects of D5 on the reproductive process. As a result, D5 increases the number of follicles in the ovary and suppresses the expression of genes related to the growth of follicles. In addition, it increases the gonadotropin hormone, inducing estradiol enhancement and progesterone reduction. Because of these changes in the reproductive system when exposed to D5, the industry should reconsider using D5.

There are many efforts reported on finding effective catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), which are important reactions in the energy field. Coordination polymers, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), are attracting attention as electrocatalysts for OERs due to their versatility and modulating properties. A new cobalt complex containing trans-cinnamate and 2-aminopyridmidine ligands was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The cobalt complex showed a 1D chain structure. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the cobalt complex with or without an electrochemical supporter, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), OERs were investigated and compared with a metal oxide reference material. Due to the π-conjugated trans-cinnamate, which has electron flexibility near the Co centers, the catalyst/rGO composite showed significant catalytic activities, with an overpotential of 386 mV and a Tafel slope of 64 mV/dec.

This study examines risk factors for university students’ suicidal ideation based on a meta-analysis of research published in South Korea from 2004 to 2019. Risk factors included depression, life stress, parents’ critical communication, and job stress. Publication bias and study-specific moderator variables were also examined. Depression had the largest effect size, followed by life stress, parents’ critical communication, and job stress. Meta-regression analysis showed differences in the effect sizes for depression, parents’ critical communication, and job stress according to publication year. The probability of publication bias was low. These findings can help to develop effective suicidal ideation prevention programs for university students. In particular, counselling centres should help intensively prevent and manage depression among university students. Furthermore, mental health services, such as education and counselling programs that address suicidal ideation, must be easily accessible by integrating the students’ homes, schools, and communities.

A new monospecific genus of the family Nannopodidae Brady, 1880 is proposed, based on specimens of both sexes of Concilicoxa hispida gen. et sp. nov. collected from subtidal sandy sediments in the Yellow Sea of South Korea. The presence of a coxal outer projection on the first to fourth legs and reduction of both rami of the second to fourth legs in this new genus show a clear relationship with a clade, which is characterised by the modified thoracopods for burrowing ability, comprising Huntemannia Poppe, 1884, Rosacletodes Wells, 1985, Laophontisochra George, 2002, Acuticoxa Huys & Kihara, 2010 and Talpacoxa Corgosinho, 2012 in Nannopodidae. Within this clade, C. hispida gen. et sp. nov. is most closely related to L. maryamae George, 2002 in having the prehensile endopod in the first leg, broad intercoxal sclerite on the second to fourth legs and the female fifth leg being composed of separate exopod and baseoendopod, but is distinguished by the absence of mandibular exopod, two-segmented mandibular endopod, presence of four setae on the distal exopodal segment of the first leg, and fusion of the intercoxal sclerite to the coxae in the third and fourth legs. These four features are considered as autapomorphies of the new genus. The possible relationship amongst members of the nannopodid clade is further discussed. Additionally, some comments on the taxonomic position of L. terueae Björnberg, 2014 are given, resulting in the transfer of the species to Acuticoxa as A. terueae comb. nov.